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THE 

EENEWAL  OF  LIFE 


Arguments  for  Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil  in  the  Cure  and 
Prevention  of  Senility  and  Disease;  for  the  Making  of  the 
Acme  of  Abundant  Health,  Stamina,  Vigor,  Vitality 
and    Constitution  ;    for  the   Cure   of  Consump- 
tion  and    Other    Diseases,    Particularly 
those    of    a    Chronic    Nature 


BY 

THOS.  BASSETT  KEYES,  M.  D. 

OF  CHICAGO 

Chairman  of  the  First  Organization  Committee  of  the  American  Congress  of  Tuber- 
culosis, and  one  of  the  Vice-Presidents  of  The  International  Congress  of 
Tubeiculosis,   St.  Louis  Exposition,  1904;   First  Vice-President  of 
International  Congress  of  Tuberculosis,  N.  Y.,  1906,  and  Chair- 
man of  its  Section  on  the   Relation  of    Insanity   to 
Tuberculosis ;  Member  of  The  National  Associ- 
ation  for  the   Study  and  Pievention   of 
Tuberculosis.     Formerly  Editor  of 
the  "Tubercle,"  a   Journal 
on  Tuberculosis,  etc. 


THE  TUBERCLE  PRESS  BUREAU 
CHICAGO,  ILL.,  1909-10 


U  A   XjX-f 


QOPT 
ProlJ.  McK,  Cattell 

OCT  5     WM 

Copyright,   1909, 

BY 

THOS.   BASSETT   KEYES,    M.   D. 


PREFACE. 

In  presenting  this  monograph  on  The  Renewal  of 
Life,  and  the  Cure  of  Disease  with  Subcutaneous  Injec- 
tions of  Oil,  I  do  so  in  the  belief  that  I  am  offering  the 
greatest  therapeutic  advance  that  has  ever  been  made. 

By  the  aid  of  this  treatment  life  may  be  prolonged, 
disease  prevented  and  many  chronic  and  otherwise 
incurable  diseases  are  absolutely  curable.  I  have  pre- 
sented tubercular  cases  only.  Since  the  report  was 
written  many  others  have  been  cured  and  equally  good 
results  have  been  obtained.  In  the  record  of  cases  you 
will  see  that  the  great  majority  of  those  who  have  been 
cured  were  at  the  time  treatment  was  commenced  well 
advanced  with  pulmonary  tuberculosis.  Some  were 
such  cases  as  are  not  accepted  for  treatment  by  most 
Sanitariums,  yet,  the  percentage  of  cures  in  these  ad- 
vanced cases  has  been  large.  The  report  is  of  consecu- 
tive cases  and  not  selected  ones.  You  must,  therefore, 
agree  with  me  that  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  form 
an  important  part  of  the  therapeutics  of  tuberculosis 
and  an  actual  specific  to  the  disease.  Subcutaneous 
injections  of  oil  are  also  of  vital  importance  in  the 
treatment  of  all  other  diseases. 

Most  of  the  text  I  have  presented  in  various  articles 
in  a  number  of  Medical  Journals.  It  is  reproduced  in 
answer  to  the  requests  of  a  large  volume  of  corre- 
spondence and  is  in  no  way  complete.  I  offer  the  work 
only  as  a  suggestion  as  to  the  greatness  of  subcuta- 
neous injections  of  oil  in  the  treatment  of  all  manner  of 
diesases.  T.  B.  K. 


SYNOPSIS  OF  CONTENTS. 

CHAPTER  I. 

THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  The  production  of  stamina,  vigor  and 
vitality.  The  attainment  of  success.  Life  force.  Mal-nutrition 
due  to  faulty  nourishment  the  cause  of  lessened  vitality.  Old 
age  and  the  prevention  of  senility.  The  vital  organs.  Brain. 
Heart.  Lungs.  Kidneys.  Liver.  Other  organs  and  glands.  The 
cachexia  of  cancer.  The  production  of  immunity  from  tubercu- 
losis. Other  therapeutic  indications  for  subcutaneous  injections 
of  oil. 

CHAPTER  IL 

THE  MAKING  OF  THE  ACME  OF  ABUNDANT  HEALTHY  LIFE 
FORCE  OF  MAN  OR  HEALTHY  TEMPERAMENT.  Tempera- 
ments, diathesis,  cachexias,  all  the  direct  result  of  habits  of  nutri- 
tion. Their  relation  to  humanity  and  disease.  Subcutaneous 
injections  of  oil  and  the  establishing  of  the  habit  of  assimilating 
fat  and  oil  in  the  production  of  a  healthy  temperament,  consti- 
tution, stamina,  vigoi  and  longevity;  and,  in  overcoming  disease 
"due  to  heredity  or  atavism  and  diathesis,  nervous  diseases,  mal- 
nutrition, and  those  with  cachexia. 

CHAPTER  IIL 

CURE  THAT  HIPPOCRATIC  FACE  OR  THAT  FLABBY  FAT,  AND 
YOU  WILL  POSSESS  THE  VIGOR  FOR  HEALTH  AND  RE- 
VIVE THE  FIRES  OF  LIFE. 

CHAPTER  rV. 

THE  CURE  OF  CONSUMPTION  BY  FEEDING  THE  PATIENT 
WITH  SUBCUTANEOUS  INJECTIONS  OF  OIL.  Arguments  for 
the  treatment.  Tuberculosis  a  disease  of  mal-nutrition.  Nutrition 
the  prime  requisite  of  cure.  Anorexia  prevents  tubercular  pa- 
tients from  eating  a  sufficiency  of  fats.  Absorption  of  fats  from 
the  fumes  of  whale  oil  vats.  The  digestion  of  fats  by  the  white 
blood  cells.  Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  produce  a  great 
amount  of  fat  in  a  dog.  Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  meet  all 
of  the  pathological  conditions  of  the  disease  tuberculosis. 

CHAPTER  V. 

MAL-NUTRITION  AS  A  MEANS  OF  FURNISHING  THE  SOIL 
FOR  THE  DISEASE  TUBERCULOSIS— FAT  FOODS  IN  ITS 
PREVENTION  AND  CURE  AS  POINTED  OUT  BY  THE  HIS- 
TORY AND  LITERATURE  OF  ALL  CENTURIES.  Literature 
on  tuberculosis.  A  review  of  the  literature  in  reference  to  fat 
feeding  in  the  cure  of  tuberculosis.  The  influence  of  a  digestive 
habit  in  the  production  of  tuberculosis,  and  the  indications  for 
treatment  drawn  therefrom.  Pre-tubercular  condition  caused  by 
a  habit  of  not   eating  and   non-digestion  of  fats. 


CHAPTEE  VI. 

THE  CAUSES  OF  CONSUMPTION  INDICATE  THE  USE  OF  OILS 
INJECTED  SUBCUTANEOUSLY  AS  A  CURE.  Pre-tubercular 
state  or  condition  is  caused  primarily  from  the  non-eating  and 
non-digestion  of  fatty  foods.  The  North  American  Indians,  South 
Sea  Islanders,  and  Negroes,  who  have  tuberculosis.  The  Esqui- 
maux are  the  only  people  said  to  be  free  from  tuberculosis.  The 
habit  of  not  eating  fats  leads  to  their  non-digestion,  mal-nu- 
trition  and  tuberculosis. 

CHAPTEE  VII. 

BIOLOGY^  INDICATES  THE  USE  OF  OIL  INJECTED  SUBCU- 
TANEOSLY  AS  A  CUEE  FOR  CONSUMPTION.  Evolution  of 
living  matter.  Living  matter  characterized  by  its  power  of  as- 
similation. Before  the  tubercle  bacilli  can  grow  it  must  first 
find  a  suitable  soil.  Weakened  non-resistance  of  tissue  comes  from 
mal-nutrition.  Nutrition  built  up  with  oil  injections.  The  germ 
dies  naturally  through  the  decline  of  those  conditions  upon  which 
it  feeds.  Foods  used  in  the  supply  of  heat.  Characteristics  of 
living  matter.  Nutrition  the  principal  in  the  maintenance  of 
life. 

CHAPTER  YIII. 

PHYSIOLOGICAL  THERAPEUTICS  INDICATE  THE  USE  OF  OILS 

INJECTED  SUBCUTANEOUSLY  AS  A  CURE  FOR  CONSUMP- 
TION. Fats  the  most  powerful  of  any  substance  used  in  the 
production  of  potential  energy  and  heat.  Digestion  and  as- 
similation of  fats  and  oils  from  the  intestine.  The  similarity 
between  the  digestion  of  oil  from  the  intestine  to  that  sub- 
cutaneously  injected.  Theories  of  immunity.  Subcutaneous  in- 
jections of  oil  produce  immediate  growth  of  blood  cells.  Oils  in- 
jected subcutaneously  meet  every  indication  for  the  cure  of  con- 
sumption in  a  direct  physiological  manner. 

CHAPTER  IX. 

THE  EARLY  DIAGNOSIS  AND  SYMPTOMS  OF  CONSUMPTION- 
ARGUMENTS  DRAWN  THEREFROM  FOR  THE  SUBCUTANE- 
OUS INJECTIONS  OF  OILS.  Diagnosis  of  consumption.  Con- 
nection between  phosphatic  and  fat  assimilation.  Symptoms 
which  call  for  subcutaneous  injections  of  oils. 

CHAPTER  X. 

PATHOLOGY  OF  CONSUMPTION— ARGUMENTS  FOE  ITS  CUEE 
WITH  SUBCUTANEOUS  INJECTIONS  OF  OIL.     Nutrition  fur- 
nished  for  impoverished  blood  cells,   and   the   formation   of   new 
-  tissue.     Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  destroy  the  tubercle  bacilli 
and  disease  germs  of  the  lungs. 

CHAPTER  XL 

FAT,  THE  GERM  DESTROYER  AND  EQUALIZER  OF  THE  BODY, 
WITH  ESPECIAL  REFERENCE  TO  OILS  AND  FATS  IN  THE 
PREVENTION  AND  CURE  OF  TUBERCULOSIS.  Oil  destroys 
yeast  germs.  Oil  destroys  tubercle  bacilli  and  other  disease 
germs.  Heat  and  nutrition.  Body  heat  a  necessity  for  the  pre- 
vention of  tuberculosis  and  other  diseases.  Composition  of  human 
fat.  Reasons  why  all  fat  people  are  not  healthly.  Adipose  tissue 
the  wealth  of  the  body. 

6 


CHAPTER  XII. 

LUNG  EXCRETION  AS  RELATED  TO  TUBERCULOSIS— THE 
BODY  HEAT  AND  FORCE— FAT  FOODS  IN  THEIR  MAIN- 
TENANCE FOR  THE  PREVENTION  OF  TUBERCULOSIS.  The 
importance  of  body  heat  in  the  prevention  of  tuberculosis  of  the 
lungs.  Excretion  of  the  lungs.  Co-relation  of  excretory  organs. 
Cold  climate  accustoms  the  body  to  the  production  of  more  heat. 
Adipose  tissue  the  stored  fuel  of  the  body.  Consumptives  are 
deficient  in  heat  production. 

CHAPTER  XIII. 

LUNG  DEVELOPMENT— THE  LUNGS  BOTH  GIVE  AND  TAKE. 

CHAPTER  XIV. 

METHOD  OF  MAKING  THE  SUBCUTANEOUS  INJECTIONS  OF 
OIL.  Cut  of  author  's  special  syringe  for  subcutaneous  injections 
of  oil. 

CHAPTER  XV. 

DIETING  AND  COOKING  FOR  THE  CURE  AND  PREVENTION 
OF  CONSUMPTION.  The  prevention  of  consumption.  Diet  for 
the  consumptive  invalid.  The ,  milk  diet.  Koumiss.  Liquid 
nourishment.  Diet  for  the  convalescent  tubercular.  Cooking  and 
the  diet  for  the  prevention  and  cure  of  consumption.  The  secret 
of  making  thin  people  fat. 

CHAPTER  XVI. 

MEDICINES  AND  OTHER  MEANS  WHICH  I  HAVE  FOUND  USE- 
FUL IN  THE  TREATMENT  OF  TUBERCULOSIS  OTHER 
THAN  THE  SUBCUTANEOUS  INJECTIONS  OF  OIL. 

CHAPTER  XVII. 

A  DEMONSTRATION  OF  THE  CURE  OF  CONSUMPTION  WITH 
SUBCUTANEOUS  INJECTIONS  OF  OILS.  Report  of  cases 
treated.    Summary. 


CHAPTER  I. 

THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.* 

THE  PRODUCTION  OF  STAMINA,  VIGOR  AND  VITAL- 
ITY. THE  ATTAINMENT  OF  SUCCESS.  LIFE 
FORCE.  MALNUTRITION  DUE  TO  FAULTY  NOUR- 
ISHMENT THE  CAUSE  OF  LESSENED  VITALITY. 
OLD  AGE  AND  THE  PREVENTION  OF  SENILITY. 
THE  VITAL  ORGANS,  BRAIN,  HEART,  LUNGS, 
KIDNEYS,  LIVER  AND  OTHER  ORGANS  AND 
GLANDS.  THE  CACHEXIA  OF  CANCER.  THE 
PRODUCTION  OF  IMMUNITY  FROM  TUBERCU- 
LOSIS. OTHER  THERAPEUTIC  INDICATIONS 
FOR  SUBCUTANEOUS  INJECTION  OF  OIL. 

Stamina,  Vigor  and  Vitality. 

Ask  any  healthy  real  old  person  if  he  is  fond  of  fat 
foods  and  if  he  always  has  been.  I  have  asked  this 
question  of  every  healthy  real  old  person  with  whom  I 
have  come  in  contact  for  the  past  ten  years,  and  every 
one  of  them  has  answered  that  he  has  always  eaten  a 
good  supply  of  fats  in  some  form  or  other.  From  the 
observation  of  a  large  number  of  individuals  I  am 
satisfied  that  stamina,  vigor  and  vitality  come  more 
from  the  eating  and  assimilation  of  fat  foods  than  of 
all  other  things. 

If  we  inherit  these  habits  from  our  ancestors  I 
believe  it  to  be  true  that  we  are  blessed  with  a  better 
constitution  and  a  greater  abundance  of  life  and  health 

^Presented  by  the  author  through  the  Medico-Legal  Society  of 
Now  York,  and  in  the  Medico-Legal  Journal. 


10  KEYES:    THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

than  we  would  be  if  from  a  line  of  poorly  nourished 
forebears.  The  amount  of  fat  which  the  blood  contains 
varies  according  to  the  amount  eaten  and  assimilated. 

The  infant  inherits  the  richness  of  its  fat.  Some 
infants  it  is  needless  to  say  are  better  nourished  than 
others.  The  richness  of  its  fat  would  not  alone  affect 
the  adip©se  or  fat  tissue,  but  would  affect  every  tissue 
of  the  body,  from  the  marrow  of  the  bones  to  the  entire 
nervous  system.  In  treating  people  the  remark  is  often 
made  that  it  is  not  natural  for  them  to  become  fat,  be- 
cause their  parents  were  thin;  or  from  another  party 
that  they  should  gain  in  weight  easily,  because  their 
parents  were  fleshy. 

Since  all  physiological  actions,  such  as  digestion 
and  assimilation,  are  the  result  of  inherited  habits,  it  is 
probable  that  the  habit  of  eating,  and  the  assimilation 
of  certain  foods  become  somewhat  fixed.  Thus  the 
Eskimos  do  not  eat  any  vegetables  whatever,  and  can- 
not seem  to  tolerate  them.  They  can,  however,  eat  sev- 
eral pounds  of  fat  at  one  meal,  and  it  is  well  to  remark 
here  that  they  are  free  from  tuberculosis,  and  also  in- 
testinal catarrhs  and  appendicitis.  It  is  also  said  that 
their  teeth  never  decay  even  among  the  aged.  Indi- 
viduals among  all  races  who  eat  large  quantities  of 
fat  are  not  likely  to  be  affected  with  any  disease. 

That  fat  or  oil  exerts  a  great  influence  upon  living 
matter,  life  and  energy,  conclusions  may  be  reached 
from  the  facts :  that  it  forms  a  part  of  most  cells  and 
tissues  of  the  body  and  that  the  adipose  tissue  is  the 
first  to  be  drawn  upon  to  supply  nourishment  and  fuel 
in  case  of  sickness  or  lack  of  food.  In  protoplasm  even 
of  the  lowest  type  it  is  common  to  find  under  the  micro- 
scope granules  containing  fatty  matter.  Fatty  matter 
but  not  in  the  form  of  adipose  tissue  makes  up  a  large 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  11 

portion  of  the  brain  and  is  found  thus  in  many  vital 
fluids,  in  the  liver  and  blood.  Hair  looks  dead  when 
there  is  not  sufficient  oil  from  the  scalp  to  nourish  it. 

Children  are  the  creatures  of  imitation.  If  parents 
like  fat  foods  it  is  quite  likely  that  their  children  will, 
but  if  they  do  not  they  should  be  taught  their  value. 
The  only  way  that  we  can  assimilate  fat  foods  well  is 
to  constantly  eat  them  and  form  the  habit  of  assimilat- 
ing them.  When  fat  foods  cannot  be  assimilated  well, 
the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  will,  it  seems,  start 
up  the  machinery  of  the  body  to  their  use,  and  by  train- 
ing the  person  to  a  fat  diet,  we  soon  have  him  again 
running  under  full  heat,  force,  vigor,  vim  and  vitality. 
He  is  converted  from  a  machine  of  low  to  high  power. 

The  Attainment  of  Success. 

The  attainment  of  success  often  depends  upon  our 
physical  constitution.  Some  ambitions  are  higher  than 
their  physical  conditions  will  allow  them  to  reach. 
Thus,  this  morning  a  patient  came  to  me  to  be  treated 
with  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  for  a  weakened  con- 
stitution. She  said  that  her  ambition  was  to  come 
before  the  public  as  a  singer.  She  had  a  beautiful 
voice,  but  lacked  the  physical  constitution.  This  con- 
stitution we  are  going  to  give  her  by  training  the  sys- 
tem to  take  up  fats  and  oils  and  by  training  the  intes- 
tine to  assimilate  fats.  Her  lungs  will  develop  and  in 
proportion  to  the  amount  of  fat  assimilated  will  come 
strength  and  vitality.  If  we  could  assimilate  all  the 
fat  which  we  could  eat  and  then  by  training  or  direct- 
ing the  energy  and  force  that  could  thus  be  generated 
into  work,  there  would  be  much  greater  things  accom- 
plished. When  this  becomes  better  understood  and  a 
few  generations  have  followed  these  precepts,  then 


12  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

there  will  be  a  race  of  men  like  gods.  Then  men  will  be 
better  able  to  use  the  force,  heat  and  vitality  which 
comes  from  fat  foods. 

AVhile  we  should  exercise  and  exert  ourselves  only 
in  proportion  to  the  amount  of  carbon  foods  in  our 
diet,  we  should  on  the  other  hand  exert  ourselves  suffi- 
ciently tD  use  up  this  carbon  and  not  allow  it  to  be 
stored  up  in  the  body  in  too  great  a  quantity.  It  is  said 
that  every  individual  has  his  own  co-efficient  of  heat 
production,  depending  upon  the  amount  of  heat  pro- 
ducing foods  eaten  and  assimilated  and  the  activity 
of  tissue  changes. 

Life  Force. 

Life  is  the  force  and  power  of  the  body  and  is  de- 
pendent upon  nutrition  and  air.  The  body  of  itself 
from  infancy  to  a  certain  age  of  the  individual  is  a 
storehouse  of  nutrition  from  which  the  blood  may 
draw,  and  when  this  blood  circulates  to  the  lungs  it 
gives  up  carbon  and  takes  in  an  amount  of  oxygen 
which  corresponds  to  the  amount  of  carbon  excreted. 
It  is  this  chemical  exchange  which  produces  the  life, 
heat  and  force  of  the  body.  The  oxygen  is  derived 
from  the  air;  the  question  therefore  remains:  From 
whence  do  we  derive  the  carbon?  This  can  come  from 
only  one  source.  It  must  be  derived  from  that  which  is 
taken  into  the  body  for  nourishment.  The  new  bom 
babe  has  a  certain  amount  of  carbon  stored  in  its  body, 
in  the  fat  tissues,  in  the  fat  deposited  between  mus- 
cular tissue,  and  in  the  marrow  of  its  bones.  Sugar  is 
a  carbo-hydrate  and  fat  is  a  hydro-carbon,  but  fat  sup- 
plies about  two  and  one-half  times  more  force  and  heat 
than  any  other  substance  used  as  food.  It  is  therefore 
the  most  important  in  the  production  of  life.    Oxygen, 


KEYES:     THE  REXEAVAL  OF  LIFE.  13 

carbon  and  hydrogen  compose  94.6  per  cent,  of  the 
human  body,  in  the  proportion  of  oxygen  72.0,  carbon 
13.5,  and  hydrogen  9.01. 

Milk,  the  natural  food  of  the  young  (but  not  suffi- 
cient for  the  aged),  has  been  described  as  a  thin  syrup 
which  holds  in  suspension  small  globules  of  oil.  The 
infant,  therefore,  sustains  its  life  from  the  nutrition 
derived  from  milk,  which,  being  absorbed  and  taken 
into  the  blood,  gives  force  and  heat  and  life  by  the 
chemical  exchange  of  carbon,  its  sugar  and  fats,  for 
oxygen,  which  goes  on  in  the  lungs  through  our 
breathing. 

Life  force  varies  in  different  individuals  and  differ- 
ent animals,  depending  largely  upon  the  amount  of 
heat  generated  from  foods  and  from  the  activity  of 
metabolism.  Because  the  assimilation  becomes  defi- 
cient with  age,  old  people  are  always  cold  and  produce 
less  heat.  They  do  not  absorb  and  consequently  do  not 
breathe  out  sufficient  carbon  foods.  For  this  reason 
subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  will  supply  the  fuel 
which  is  lacking  and  which  without  proper  training 
they  cannot  assimilate  from  their  diet. 

We  Should  Not  Become  Too  Fat. 

Lest  some  one  think  that  I  am  advocating  a  race  of 
fat  people,  it  will  be  well  to  explain  here  that  we  should 
not  become  too  fat.  Only  a  plump  amount  of  fatness 
is  to  be  recommended.  Rather  than  too  much  fat  we 
should  breathe  deep  enough  and  generate  and  use  a 
high  power  of  nerve  energy.  Increased  activity  pro- 
motes rapid  change  from  oxidation,  but  the  two  proc- 
esses of  waste  and  repair  should  be  equal,  for  if  the 
waste  exceed  the  repair  we  decay.    All  fat  people  are 


U  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

not  healthy  mainly  for  the  reason  that  fat  varies 
greatly  as  to  its  amount  of  richness  in  oil.  Some  fat 
is  watery  and  then  it  is  a  drone  which  requires  to  be 
fed.  When  fat  tissue  is  once  formed  it  should  be  kept 
well  fed  with  oil  so  that  it  may  be  useful  and  a  store- 
house from  which  fuel  may  be  drawn.  Fat  people  who 
withdraw  fats  from  their  diet  are  subject  to  watery 
fat,  gall  stones,  liver  diseases,  weak  heart,  intestinal 
catarrhs,  diseases  of  the  kidneys  and  many  other  dis- 
eases. There  are  perhaps  as  many  fat  people  who 
suffer  from  being  poorly  nourished  as  thin  people. 
These  fleshy  people  with  watery  fat  often  receive  great 
benefit  from  the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  in  that 
it  nourishes  the  connective  tissues  and  changes  their 
fat  from  a  drone  to  a  storehouse  of  energy. 
Mal-Nutrition  Due   to   Faulty  Nourishment  the   Cause  of 

Lessened  Vitality. 

Mal-nutrition  due  to  faulty  nourishment  is  the 
prevalent  condition  of  the  human  race.  It  is  the  fore- 
runner and  often  the  cause  of  lessened  vitality,  of 
incapacity  for  work  or  enjoyment,  of  chronic  diseases, 
and  of  more  suffering  than  all  other  causes  combined. 
The  rapid  wasting  produced  by  high  fever  in  acute 
diseases  indicates  rapid  metabolism  and  the  need  of 
the  body  for  fuel  to  overcome  disease.  It  is  Nature's 
remedy  and  plan  of  the  body  to  combat  disease.  Many 
people  die  because  the  tissues  are  so  poorly  nourished 
that  they  are  insufficient  in  fuel.  It  is  needless  to  say 
that  living  tissues  cannot  live  without  food. 

Old  Age  and  the  Prevention  of  Senility. 

Wheat  will  not  grow  in  worn-out  soil.  The  most 
prominent  characteristic  of  old  age  and  senility  is  lack 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  15 

of  cell  growth.  Tlie  repair  of  cells  and  tissues  is  not 
equal  to  the  waste,  which  is  shown  first  by  a  shrinking 
away  of  the  fat  tissues  of  the  body,  leaving  the  skin 
dry  and  wrinkled.  Then  the  fat  or  marrow  of  the 
bones  gives  way  to  cancellous  or  bony  tissues.  The 
bones  and  all  tissues  of  the  body  shrink  in  size,  and 
become  less  elastic,  and  as  the  oily  parts  of  the  fats 
and  the  fats  from  all  tissues  of  the  body  disappear  the 
arteries  become  hardened.  As  senility  approaches  or 
advances  and  as  the  condition  of  faulty  assimilation 
supervenes  all  organs  of  the  body  become  defective. 
As  all  living  tissues  are  characterized  by  constant 
change,  and  when  repair  does  not  equal  the  waste  to 
decay,  then  to  keep  up  growth  and  prevent  decay  we 
must  try  to  keep  up  nourishment  and  assimilation. 
The  growth  of  all  living  tissues  has  a  certain  limit,  and 
when  old  age  comes  we  cease  to  keep  up  good  assimila- 
tion. Oil  subcutaneously  injected  is  the  most  readily 
absorbable  tissue  builder  and  will  do  more  to  increase 
the  activity  and  assimilative  powers  of  the  blood  cells 
and  individual  organs  of  the  body  than  any  other 
means. 

Longevity  and  Perpetual  Youth. 

If  constant  repair  of  tissues  with  assimilation  and 
displacement  of  nutrition  could  be  maintained  as  per- 
fect as  in  youth,  then  youth  would  be  perpetual.  There- 
fore, a  perfect  youthful  body  if  free  from  disease  and 
deformity,  should  maintain  that  perfection  by  the 
perfect  regulation  of  nutrition,  by  which  I  mean :  that 
each  individual  cell  of  the  body  should  be  maintained 
in  a  constant  and  proper  equilibrium  of  nutrition. 

Oil,  when  injected  subcutaneously,  is  a  substance 
upon  which  the  white  corpuscles  feed,  an  affinity,  and 


16  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

since  the  fat  tissues  of  the  body  are  those  which  shrink 
away  first  in  old  age,  it  will  be  seen  that  by  injecting 
oil  thus  we  supjDly  the  fat  tissue  oil,  the  marrow  of  the 
bones  with  oil,  and  by  this  oil  prevent  the  hardening 
and  bony  calcareous  formations.  Through  this  feeding 
or  nutrition  we  increase  the  activity  and  individual 
cell  activity  of  every  organ  and  tissue  of  the  body. 
Most  cases  of  early  senility  with  a  shrinking  in  nutri- 
tive conditions,  together  with  the  common  diseases  of 
old  age,  such  as  chronic  bronchitis,  may  be  relieved  by 
the  injections  of  oil  subcutaneously. 

It  is  a  physiological  fact  that  the  amount  of  carbon- 
dioxid  exhaled  by  the  lungs  of  males  increases  regu- 
larly from  the  eighth  to  the  thirtieth  year  of  age,  and 
from  then  on  until  about  fifty  this  amount  remains  at 
about  the  same  preservation,  or  stationary.  After  the 
fiftieth  year  and  as  age  advances  the  amount  of  car- 
bon-dioxid  gradually  declines  until  it  scarcely  equals 
the  amount  exhaled  at  the  tenth  year  of  age.  Women 
do  not  exhale  as  much  carbon-dioxide  as  men  of  equal 
ages.  The  amount  increases  gradually  from  the  eighth 
year  to  that  of  puberty,  after  which  it  remains  in  the 
same  state  of  preservation  until  "the  change  of  life'* 
takes  place,  when  the  carbon-dioxid  exhaled  declines 
at  the  same  rate  as  in  old  men. 

There  is  a  relation  closely  connected  as  we  have 
here  tried  to  point  out,  all  along,  between  the  amount 
of  carbon-dioxid  exhaled  (the  used  power  of  the  body) 
and  the  amount  of  stamina,  vigor  and  vitality  which 
the  body  contains.  If  we  could  keep  this  power  at 
the  same  preservation,  after  the  age  of  forty  as  it  has 
been  before,  then  enfeeblement  and  old  age  would  not 
leave  its  marks.  But  it  is  evident  that  the  carbon 
forming  foods  are  not  assimilated  so  well  after  the  age 


Case  IV.  Mr.  Y.  S.,  who  gained  14  pounds  in  weight  and  recov- 
ered entirely  from  puhnonary  tuberculosis.  Treatment:  Subcutane- 
ous injections  of  oil.  He  has  remained  well  for  a  period  of  over 
four  years  and  has  been  actively  engaged..     His  life  was  rencATed. 


Case  V.  Mr.  F.  B.,  who  gained  12  pounds  in  weight  and  recovered 
entirely  from  pulmonary  tuberculosis.  Treatment:  Subcutaneous 
injections  of  oil.  He  has  since  married,  has  been  actively  engaged, 
and  has  remained  Avell  for  a  period  of  over  four  years.  His  life  was 
renewed. 


KEYES:    THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  17 

of  forty,  because  the  carbon-dioxid  can  come  from  only 
one  source — the  food  assimilated — and  that  which  has 
been  stored  in  the  body.  The  stored  fuel  of  the  body, 
the  fat  from  every  tissue  yields  to  age  as  it  advances 
and  we  become  wrinkled  and  shriveled  and  shorter  and 
smaller  every  way. 

If  the  body  had  been  able  to  assimilate  the  fats 
from  the  diet  it  would  not  have  been  necessary,  as 
Metchnikoff  puts  it,  for  the  leucocytes  to  feed  upon 
and  devour  the  fatty  tissues  of  the  body.  As  it  is  evi- 
dent from  the  facts  that  carbon  is  not  excreted  by  the 
lungs  and  exchanged  for  oxygen,  so  well  after  the  age 
of  forty,  but  that  it  gradually  declines,  it  proves  from 
this  fact  alone  that  fats  (hydro-carbons)  are  not  so 
well  assimilated  at  this  age,  and  this  explains  the  rea- 
son for  lessened  carbon  excretion,  the  shrinking  away 
of  the  fat  and  fuel  tissues  of  the  body  and  the  advances 
of  senility.  The  fats  not  being  assimilated  from  the 
intestine  the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  should  be 
used  to  overcome  the  advances  of  age,  and  by  this 
means  necessarily  increase  the  amount  of  carbon- 
dioxid  exhaled  in  the  production  of  increased  heat 
and  life  and  vigor  and  health.  The  habit  of  assimilat- 
ing fats  from  the  intestine  should  be  re-established. 

But  the  individual  organs  of  the  body,  the  lungs, 
heart,  kidneys  and  liver,  etc.,  like  individual  cells  tire 
and  lack  in  life  or  vitality  by  not  being  properly  nour- 
ished, and  thus  become  affected  by  old  age  and  disease. 
As  it  is  the  fat  foods  which  supply  more  heat  and 
force  and  vitality  than  any  other  foods,  and  as  they  are 
not  well  absorbed  in  the  aged,  a  course  of  treatment 
with  oils  injected  subcutaneously  offers  increased 
health  and  vigor.  The  patients  I  have  treated  for  lack 
of  vitality  have  experienced  pleasing  results  in  the  im- 


18  KEYES:    THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

provement  of  nutrition,  force  and  vitality;  in  fact  it 
would  seem  that  there  is  produced  by  this  method  a 
renewal  of  life. 

The  Brain  and  Nervous  System. 

The  brain  and  nervous  system  contain  a  large  per- 
centage of  oily  matter.  The  various  manifestations  of 
nerve  force  are  brought  about  by  the  transformation 
of  heat  from  oxidizable  foods  or  fuel. 

The  grey  matter  of  the  brain  is  an  oily  substance. 
The  medulary  or  myelin  sheath  or  white  substance  of 
Schwan  is  a  fatty  substance.  It  is  said  to  be  made  up 
of  a  fine  reticulum  in  the  meshes  of  which  is  embedded 
bright  fatty  material. 

The  influence  of  fat  and  oil  nutrition  upon  the 
functions  of  the  brain  and  nervous  system,  and  thus 
upon  the  entire  body,  must  be  very  great,  for  upon  the 
nervous  system  greatly  depend  the  other  tissues  of  the 
body  as  to  their  metabolism,  which  is  shown  by  the 
fact  that  the  heat  of  a  limb  falls  after  division  of  its 
nerve,  and  also  in  a  limb  which  is  paralyzed. 

The  Heart. 

The  heart  is  an  organ  which  must  work  constantly 
to  keep  up  the  flow  of  nutrition  so  essential  to  the  life 
of  the  body.  As  it  constantly  works  it  must  require 
vitality  and  force  in  abundance.  Its  muscular  fibers 
must  possess  force  and  power  never  to  complain  of 
being  tired,  and  great  vital  elasticity  to  constantly  con- 
tract and  expand,  and  to  increase  its  work  in  times 
of  exertion. 

No  article  that  man  could  make  could  stand  this 
contraction  and   expansion  and   stretching   of  fibers 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  19 

without  very  soon  being  worn  out ;  it  is,  therefore,  rea- 
sonable to  expect  very  rapid  tissue  metamorphosis  in 
an  organ  working  hke  the  heart. 

In  many  acute  diseases,  especially  with  fever,  it  is 
often  the  heart  which  fails  because  the  stored  fuel  of 
the  body  has  been  consumed  and  there  remains  noth- 
ing for  the  heart  to  feed  upon  and  keep  up  its  nutrition 
and  vitality.  So  long  as  the  heart  is  above  a  certain 
standard,  most  all  diseases  are  considered  of  a  favor- 
able prognosis.  Therefore,  anything  which  can  sup- 
ply the  material  to  produce  force,  heat  and  vitality  to 
the  heart  is  a  therapeutic  agent  of  the  greatest  effi- 
ciency, and  as  all  vital  processes  have  their  origin  in 
the  energy  liberated  by  the  chemical  decompositions 
going  on  in  the  organism,  it  follows,  that  oils  injected 
subcutaneously  and  taken  up  by  the  blood,  constitute  a 
means  of  increasing  metabolic  activity  of  any  organ 
and  all  parts  of  the  body. 

In  the  treatment  of  many  cases  of  tuberculosis,  I 
have  frequently  encountered  cases  in  which  there  ex- 
isted some  form  of  chronic  carditis.  It  is  in  these 
conditions  of  chronic  heart  inflammation  which  may 
exist  in  some  part  of  the  organ  that  I  particularly  rec- 
ommend the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil.  Not  to  the 
exclusion  of  other  remedies,  for  I  have  found  the 
greatest  good  to  come  by  using  other  alteratives  and 
the  oil.  Besides  the  nutritive  and  fuel  value  of  the 
oil  in  producing  vitality,  force  and  heat,  I  speak  of  it 
as  an  alterative,  for  it  is  the  greatest  of  all  alteratives 
and  in  these  cases  I  have  found  it  to  be  almost  of  vital 
importance. 

The  Lungs. 

The  lungs  are  the  smokestack  of  the  human  engine 
and  like  the  heart  they  must  keep  up  with  their  con- 


20  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

stant  work.  The  exchange  of  carbon-dioxid  for  oxygen 
must  go  on,  for  this  is  the  principle  of  life.  The  lungs 
being  coniposed  of  a  fine  tissue  which  contracts  and 
expands  continually  and  being  exposed  to  constant 
wear,  they  are  not  easily  healed  when  once  they  be- 
come diseased,  unless  we  are  in  a  high  state  of  nutri- 
tion. The  lungs  use  up  more  heat  and  vitality  than 
any  other  organ  of  the  body.  The  lungs  both  give  and 
take.  They  take  away  carbon  and  supply  oxygen  and 
in  this  chemical  exchange  the  principle  of  life  is  pro- 
duced. Lung  exercise  should  be  in  proportion  to  the 
amount  of  carbon  foods  eaten.  It  should  be  just  suffi- 
cient to  oxidize  the  carbon  foods  eaten,  for  if  there  is 
not  a  good  supply  of  carbon  (carbo-hydrates  and  fats, 
or  hydro-carbons)  in  the  diet  and  a  good  store  of  fat  in 
the  tissues,  if  too  much  lung  exercise  is  necessary  to 
carry  on  the  force  of  great  exertion,  then  the  fat 
being  exhausted,  other  more  vital  tissues  will  be  drawn 
upon.  As  a  consequence  of  this  the  body  would  become 
exhausted. 

When  one  is  in  the  habit  of  eating  and  assimilating 
a  good  amount  of  fat  the  exhausted  body  soon  recup- 
erates. We  should  use  our  lungs  just  sufficiently  to 
oxidize  the  carbon  foods  and  not  allow  them  to  be 
stored  up  in  too  great  a  quantity  as  fat.  The  lungs 
will  develop  according  to  the  amount  of  fats  eaten, 
for  this  is  excreted  principally  by  the  lungs.  As  the 
lungs  use  up  a  large  amount  of  heat  in  cariying  away 
a  fine  watery  vapor,  fats  and  heat  producing  foods  are 
essential  to  their  health.  The  results  which  I  have 
accomplished  in  the  treatment  of  tuberculosis  of  the 
lungs,  prove  absolutely  that  the  subcutaneous  injec- 
tions of  oil  meet  every  indication  in  the  treatment  of 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  21 

pulmonary  tuberculosis  or  any  chronic  inflammation 
of  the  lungs. 

The  Kidneys. 

The  kidneys  are  excretory  organs  and  are  essential 
to  life,  for  without  excretion  man  would  poison  him- 
self; they,  therefore,  play  a  very  important  role  in 
the  maintenance  of  life. 

As  we  have  compared  the  lungs  to  the  smokestack, 
we  may  say  that  the  kidneys  are  the  ash  grate  of  the 
human  engine.  If  the  ashes  are  not  kept  raked  away, 
the  body  soon  clogs  and  there  is  lessened  draft  for  the 
warming  fire.  Heat  would  soon  diminish  and  life  be- 
come extinct.  The  co-relation  of  the  lungs  and  kid- 
neys in  excretion  is  well  known  and  when  either  one 
does  not  do  their  work  well  the  other  tries  to  aid  it. 

One  of  the  first  places  and  where  we  usually  find 
fat  tissue  is  around  the  kidneys.  In  many  individuals 
the  fat  tissue  may  have  become  atrophied,  leaving  only 
its  connective  tissue.  As  fat  tissue  is  a  great  store 
house  of  reserve  tissue  material,  which  fluctuates 
greatly,  according  to  the  needs  of  the  body,  and  in 
covering  organs  protects  them,  it  is  safe  to  say  that 
a  certain  amount  of  healthy  rich  fat  about  the  kidneys 
would  be  a  prophylactic  against  their  becoming  dis- 
eased, and  in  case  that  the  kidneys  should  become 
irritated  or  inflamed,  it  is  reasonable  to  believe  that 
this  fat  would  greatly  aid  in  quickly  re-building  their 
tissue  and  overcoming  their  disease.  On  the  other 
hand  atrophied  fat  or  tissue  of  poor  quality,  that  is, 
watery  fat,  would  be  a  drone  which  would  sap  the  kid- 
neys of  their  vitality.  Rich  oily  fat  is  the  healthy  fat, 
rich  in  protection,  rich  as  a  treasure  storehouse. 

My  personal  observation  in  the  treatment   of  a 


22  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

variety  of  the  forms  of  Bright 's  disease  or  inflamma- 
tion of  the  kidneys  is  that  the  oils  injected  subcuta- 
neously  have  acted  as  an  alterative  and  tissue  recon- 
structive, so  as  to  greatly  aid  and  to  produce  some 
very  remarkable  recoveries  from  chronic  Bright 's 
disease. 

The  Liver  and  Other  Vital  Glands  and  Organs. 

Fats  and  oils  are  useful  to  preserve  the  health  of 
all  the  organs  and  tissues  of  the  body.  Oils  injected 
subcutaneously  are  particularly  useful  in  the  treat- 
ment of  diseases  of  the  glandular  system,  and  may  be 
used  for  the  treatment  of  gall-stones,  catarrh  of  the 
bile  ducts,  and  for  atrophied  conditions,  and  other 
diseases  of  the  liver  and  for  some  conditions  that  may 
exist  in  other  glandular  organs.  To  prevent  condi- 
tions of  senility  and  diseases  of  mal-nutrition  it  is 
important  to  keep  the  liver  healthy,  for  it  has  much  to 
do  with  the  process  of  nutrition,  growth  and  repair. 

The  Cachexia  of  Cancer. 

Because  of  the  great  nutritive  influence  which  sub- 
cutaneous injections  of  oil  have  upon  the  system,  I  be- 
lieve that  with  the  injections  of  oil  after  operation  for 
cancer  we  will  be  enabled  to  prevent  its  return.  The 
study  of  cancer  for  years  has  only  gone  to  show  that 
it  is  a  nutritive  change.  "A  return  to  fetal  tissue," 
is  an  often  repeated  saying.  Most  all  therapeutic 
measures  of  late  years  have  been  directed  to  increasing 
cell  activity  of  the  body  and  there  is  no  greater  means 
of  doing  this  than  by  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil. 

One  of  the  first  cases  which  I  treated  when  I  com- 
menced the  practice  of  medicine  was  that  of  an  epithe- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  23 

lioma  of  the  uterus,  in  a  woman  of  about  forty-five 
years  of  age.  As  I  had  more  time  than  patients,  in  my 
endeavor  to  cure  the  woman  and  meet  the  confidence 
which  she  put  in  me,  I  read  all  the  literature  relative  to 
the  subject  of  cancer  then  in  the  Newberry  library, 
there  being  some  several  hundred  articles  published  in 
various  medical  journals  and  textbooks  up  to  that 
time.  We  tried  every  method  advocated  thoroughly. 
At  the  time  I  commenced  to  treat  her  the  woman  was 
considered  too  far  advanced  to  operate  upon.  She 
lived  about  a  year  and  finally  died  from  exhaustion. 
There  had  been  no  hemorrhage  and  the  disease  had 
not  extended  to  any  vital  organ.  But  she  was  worn 
out,  thin  and  emaciated  to  skin  and  bones.  Had  this 
woman  been  operated  upon  and  built  up  with  subcuta- 
neous injections  of  oil,  built  up  to  the  highest  point 
of  energy  and  vitality,  I  think  that  there  would  have 
been  a  renewal  of  life,  which  would  have  prevented  the 
return  of  the  disease.  It  is  well  known  that  cancer 
usually  affects  those  organs  which  go  out  of  use,  as 
the  uterus  and  the  breast  of  women  after  menopause, 
when  the  body  is  declining  and  other  nutritive  changes 
are  taking  place. 

In  the  Annals  of  Gynaecology  and  Paediatry,  June, 
1901,  Vol.  14,  No.  9,  Dr.  A.  J.  Collins  Warren,  Pro- 
fessor of  Surgery  in  the  Harvard  University,  says 
regarding  cancer:  ''In  rare  cases  the  regenerative 
processes,  for  a  time  at  least,  seem  to  exceed  the  proc- 
esses of  growth  in  cancer,  and  under  these  circum- 
stances we  observe  a  tendency  to  a  spontaneous  cure. 
Such  a  case  occurred  recently  at  the  Middlesex  Hos- 
pital, London.  A  patient  over  eighty  years  of  age  was 
admitted  to  the  cancer  ward,  with  cancer  of  the  breast, 
recurring  after  operation.    At  the  end  of  a  year,  dur- 


24  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

ing  which  time  there  had  been  no  treatment  of  any 
kind,  the  nodules  had  disappeared,  and  she  was  appar- 
ently well.  This  tendency  should  be  taken  into  account 
in  estimating  the  value  of  any  drug. ' ' 

Now,  if  there  are  powers  of  the  body  which  are 
sufficient  in  rare  cases  to  overcome  cancer,  then  these 
powers  should  be  strengthened  by  building  up  nutri- 
tion to  its  highest  point,  and  this  can  only  be  done 
with  the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil.  Particularly 
is  this  true  when  the  cachexia  or  mal-nutrition  are 
prominent,  as  they  generally  are,  and  when  they  are 
not  it  is  these  exceptional  cases  which  remain  well  after 
early  operation.  It  would,  therefore,  seem  that  after 
surgical  operation  for  the  removal  of  cancer,  subcu- 
taneous feeding  with  oils  should  be  useful  to  overcome 
the  disease  by  building  up  nutrition,  so  that  cancer 
would  not  return.  The  following,  taken  from  the  Jan- 
uary, 1909,  publication  of  "The  Doctor,"  is  interest- 
ing regarding  the  curability  of  cancer: 

"Bainb ridge,  in  the  New  York  Medical  Journal, 
points  out  that  the  word  curable,  as  applied  to  cancer, 
is,  as  one  may  readily  appreciate,  a  relative  term. 
Strictly  speaking,  we  do  not  cure  the  cancer — we  re- 
move it;  and  in  the  vast  majority  of  cases,  when  it  is 
impossible  to  remove  the  cancer,  it  is  impossible  to 
effect  a  cure  of  the  patient.  This  is  in  line  with  the 
statement  previously  made  that  to-day  surgical  pro- 
cedure is  the  only  dependable  means  of  eradication  of 
malignancy.  Then,  too,  there  are  those  who  hold  that 
it  is  impossible  to  fix  a  time  limit  upon  recurrence,  and 
who  deny  that  if  the  disease  does  not  return  in  three  or 
five  years,  or  any  number  of  years,  the  case  may  be 
jjronounced  cured.  On  the  other  hand,  statistics  am- 
ply justify  the  so-called  three-year  limit.     However 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  25 

this  may  be,  we  know  that  in  a  very  limited  number  of 
cases  cancer  disappears  of  itself,  with  no  further 
manifestations  of  the  disease.  This  is  common  in 
mouse  cancer,  30  per  cent,  of  those  cases  which  have 
been  recorded  being  said  to  heal  spontaneously.  In  man 
it  would  be  more  than  foolish  to  fold  our  hands  and 
wait  patiently  for  an  epithelioma  or  a  sarcoma  to  dis- 
appear spontaneously  because  so-called  cancer  in  mice 
is  said  to  do  so  in  a  large  proportion  of  cases.  We 
must  remember  that  it  is  a  serious  question  whether 
cancer  in  the  mouse  is  at  all  analogous  to  cancer  in 
man,  and  we  do  know  that  spontaneous  cure  in  the 
human  subject  is  extremely  rare.- — The  Medical 
Standard." 

In  mice  which  have  cancer,  experimentally  pro- 
duced, it  is  apparent  that  the  same  conditions  of  body 
as  to  nutrition  and  age  are  not  present,  or  the  same  as 
they  would  be  if  they  had  come  by  their  cancers  in  a 
natural  way,  or  as  a  natural  consequence  of  some  per- 
verted condition  of  nutrition.  These  mice  evidently 
were  healthy  and  able  to  assimilate  and  nourish  their 
system,  so  as  to  overcome  the  disease,  and  in  such  a 
healthy  condition  it  is  likely  that  man  would  be  equally 
immune  from  cancer.  It  is  this  healthy  condition  of 
the  body  that  I  wish  to  produce,  with  subcutaneous  in- 
jections of  oil,  to  prevent  the  return  of  cancer  after 
operation,  and,  perhaps,  in  some  cases  to  cure  cancer. 
Thus  I  have  treated  and  cured  with  subcutaneous  in- 
jections of  oil  and  without  operation  two  cases  of 
chronic  ulcer  of  the  face  and  one  of  the  throat,  which 
had  existed  for  more  than  a  year  and  which  were 
diagnosed  and  considered  cancers. 


26  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

Immunity  From  Tuberculosis. 

Tuberculosis  is  a  disease  of  mal-nutrition.  This 
mal-nutrition  comes  from  not  eating  fats  and  oils,  or 
if  they  are  eaten  they  are  only  partially  assimilated. 
People  who  eat  and  assimilate  fats  and  oils  in  abund- 
ance  do  not  have  tuberculosis. 

To  possess  stamina,  vigor  and  vitality  in  its  great- 
est abundance  we  must  possess  a  body  which  is  capable 
of  producing  or  generating  large  quantities  of ' '  steam" 
heat.  Wlien  an  animal  dies  of  starvation  it  dies  from 
lack  of  heat,  the  fuel  of  the  body  having  been  used  up, 
the  body  is  no  longer  capable  of  maintaining  its  proper 
temperature,  to  say  nothing  of  that  which  is  used  up  in 
energy  and  movement.  Animals  that  are  cold  and 
dying  from  starvation  are  revived  more  from  the  ap- 
plication of  heat  than  from  the  administration  of  food. 
It  is  found  that  when  an  animal  is  deprived  of  food 
there  is  always  that  ultimate  loss  of  heat,  and  when 
the  body  has  lost  about  two-fifths  of  its  weight  the  loss 
of  heat  is  very  rapid  and  death  ensues. 

People  who  suffer  from  thinness,  mal-nutrition, 
who  are  lacking  in  stamina,  vigor  and  vitality,  suffer 
from  loss  of  heat  production,  in  a  way  similar  to  ani- 
mals which  have  been  experimented  upon  and  the 
effects  of  starvation  watched.  Thus  in  starving  ani- 
mals, physiologists  tell  us  that  at  the  beginning  the 
variations  in  the  daily  temperature  become  more 
marked,  the  daily  fluctuations  amounting  to  5°  or  6°  F., 
instead  of  1°  or  2°  F.  as  in  health.  It  is  this  variation 
in  temperature  which  is  so  characteristic  of  these  indi- 
viduals who  do  not  assimilate  fats  and  as  a  conse- 
quence are  weakened  in  vitality  and  subject  to  colds, 
who  do  not  ever  enjoy  vigorous  health,  are  delicate, 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  27 

easily  tired  and  are  subject  to  tuberculosis.  In  people 
who  do  not  assimilate  fats  in  sufiSicient  quantities,  a  com- 
parative non-assimilation  as  it  were,  the  exhalations 
from  the  lungs  and  skin  and  mucous  membranes  are 
fetid,  showing  a  tendency  to  decomposition,  so  charac- 
teristic of  badly  nourished  tissues.  Another  conse- 
quence of  not  taking  in  sufficient  quantities  or  not 
assimilating  fats  (hydro-carbons)  is  that  the  amount 
of  carbon-dioxid  given  out  and  the  amount  of  oxygen 
taken  in  is  diminished,  and  as  a  consequence  there  is 
less  heat,  stamina,  vigor  and  vitality  and  lowered  re- 
sistance to  disease.  Those  then  who  are  suffering 
from  starvation  of  their  tissues,  and  this  applies  to 
many,  to  a  greater  or  less  degree,  most  of  whom  are 
thin,  but  many  of  whom  possess  a  watery,  poorly  nour- 
ished adipose,  are  unable  to  generate  sufficient  energy 
and  heat,  because  the  oxygen  which  we  breathe  in  must 
act  upon  the  carbon  in  our  blood,  and  if  this  carbon 
cannot  be  taken  up  readily  from  the  diet  in  the  form 
of  fat,  it  must  be  drawn  from  the  tissues  which  in  the 
above  instances  are  already  bankrupt.  To  overcome 
this  condition  is  to  build  up  an  immunity  from  tubercu- 
losis and  to  produce  constitution,  stamina  and  vigor. 

It  does  not  require  the  aid  of  the  microscope  to 
determine  those  who  are  subject  to  tuberculosis.  The 
first  predisposing  symptoms  of  tuberculosis  are  due 
to  faulty  assimilation  and  the  non-use  of  fats,  which 
brings  about  lessened  heat  production  and  lowered 
vitality.  Then  we  have  dainty  eaters  who  abhor  fats 
and  as  a  consequence  all  of  these  people  are  poorly 
nourished.  The  Hippocratic  face,  or  countenance  of 
the  tuber<?ulous,  from  Hippocrates 's  description^  has 
followed  largely  through  the  literature  on  this  disease 
in  the  description  of  its  symptomatology.     It  is  the 


28  KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.       . 

face  and  symptoms  of  those  who  do  not  live  upon  a 
proper  diet,  the  result  of  not  eating  and  not  assimilat- 
ing fat.  You  will  find  it  an  accurate  guide.  "A  sharp 
nose,  hollow  eyes,  temples  depressed,  the  ears  cold  and 
contracted,  the  skin  above  forehead  hard,  stretched 
and  dry,  all  the  face  of  a  greenish  color  or  black  or 
livid,  are  mortal  signs."  There  are  also  a  few  poorly 
nourished  fat  people  who  are  subject  to  tuberculosis. 
Their  fat  is  watery  and  made  up  from  the  eating 
of  starches  and  sugars.  In  fact  any  person  who 
does  not  assimilate  fat  is  subject  to  tuberculosis.  If 
these  people  who  are  suffering  from  mal-nutrition 
were  treated  with  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  and 
built  up  to  rugged  health  and  their  digestions  trained 
so  that  they  would  assimilate  fats  and  oils,  then  they 
would  be  immune  from  tuberculosis.  If  all  appre- 
ciated these  truths  then  there  would  be  an  end  to  the 
disease.    Tuberculosis  would  no  longer  exist  among  us. 

Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  and  the  establishing 
of  a  habit  of  assimilating  fats  cure  consumption.  You 
will  notice  that  I  say  cure  consumption  and  not  arrest 
the  disease.  When  the  lesions  are  healed  and  the  habit 
of  assimilating  fats  is  established  the  disease  is  cured 
and  the  consumptive  habit  cured.  By  the  consumptive 
habit  I  mean  the  habit  of  not  assimilating  fats. 

That  the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  do  cure 
consumption,  which  remains  a  permanent  cure  when 
the  habit  of  assimilating  fats  is  established,  it  is  a  posi- 
tive and  patent  fact,  as  I  have  proven  in  seventy- three 
cases  over  a  period  of  several  years. 

Other  Therapeutic  Indications  for  Oil  Injections. 

To  renew  life  there  are  often  many  diseases  which 


KEYES:    THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  29 

have  to  be  relieved  and  cured.  Nutrition  if  raised  to 
its  highest  point  will  put  the  body  in  such  condition 
that  it  will  resist  most  diseases  and  aid  it  to  cure 
them.  Oil  injected  into  the  tissues  enters  the  blood  in 
the  same  form  as  if  it  were  introduced  into  the  body 
through  the  complicated  apparatus  of  digestion,  except 
that  larger  quantities  may  be  used.  Few  poorly  nour- 
ished people  assimilate  oil.  With  poorly  nourished  peo- 
ple there  is  always  a  comparative  non-assimilation  of 
fats  and  oils ;  therefore,  nutrition  of  the  body  can  best 
be  built  up  with  oil  injections,  and  by  this  means  I  have 
cured  many  cases  with  diseases  considered  incurable. 
Oil  injected  subcutaneously  will,  be  found  useful  in 
the  treatment  of  many  nervous  diseases,  such  as 
chorea,  brain  exhaustion  and  neurasthenia,  some  forms 
of  insanity,  as  paresis,  and  should  be  useful  in  the 
treatment  of  epilepsy,  as  here  there  seems  to  be  an 
evacuation  of  the  fatty  substance  of  nerve  cells.  In 
the  treatment  of  headaches  and  neuralgia  I  have  expe- 
rienced beneficial  results.  A  case  of  locomotor  ataxia 
was  benefited  from  oil  injections. 

Cod  liver  oil  was  first  brought  to  the  attention  of 
the  medical  profession  for  use  in  the  treatment  of 
rheumatism.  Oil  injections  are  of  great  benefit  in  the 
treatment  of  rheumatism.  I  have  had  most  remark- 
able results  and  cured  a  number  of  cases  of  catarrh  of 
the  intestine,  or  collitis,  with  subcutaneous  injections 
of  oil.  A  large  number  of  supposed  incurable  skin 
diseases  have  been  cured,  one  being  a  severe  ichthyosis 
over  the  entire  back.  Excellent  results  are  obtained  in 
chronic  acne.  A  number  of  cases  of  lupus  responded 
quickly  to  treatment.  The  nutrition  and  cell  activity 
produced  by  the  injections  of  oil  aids  the  body  to 
overcome  many  other  chronic  skin  diseases,  such  as 


30  KEYES :     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

eczema,  and  I  would  suggest  that  those  who  are  in  a 
position  to  do  so  should  try  the  same  in  the  treatment 
of  leprosy.  The  skin  of  all  patients  treated  with  sub- 
cutaneous injections  of  oil  becomes  very  healthy,  a 
fact  which  is  always  very  noticeable.  A  number  of 
cases  oi  very  malignant  syphilis  have  been  treated 
with  good  results.  Some  of  these  patients  could  not 
take  mercury.  The  injections  of  oil  are  of  great  value 
in  tertiary  syphilis,  and  to  those  who  have  recovered 
from  the  disease  but  are  anemic.  For  all  forms  of 
anemia,  and  particularly  pernicious  anemia,  there  is 
nothing  of  so  much  value  as  the  oil  injections.  In  fact 
it  would  seem  that  no  disease  to  which  flesh  is  heir 
could  not  be  benefited  by  imjoroving  nutrition  and 
stimulating  cell  activity  and  repair  with  subcutaneous 
injections  of  oil. 

Wlien  tired  nature  becomes  exhausted  she  calls  for 
sleep.  She  calls  for  sleep  that  she  may  replenish  the 
fires  which  have  been  consuming  and  exhausting  the 
fuel  of  the  body.  The  muscles  relax  and  become  in- 
active, and  all  functions  are  at  their  lowest  ebb.  The 
amount  of  carbon  clioxid  excreted  by  the  lungs  is 
lessened  and  in  place  of  making  power  the  carbon 
foods  are  saved  by  the  body  in  its  fat  tissues  and  in 
the  fat  between  muscular  fibres.  The  circulating  flow 
of  nutrition  (the  blood)  goes  on  and  replenishes  the 
fuel  to  the  tired  muscles,  the  organs  and  nervous  sys- 
tem, and  when  this  has  been  done  we  awaken  refreshed. 
Injections  of  oil  do  often  lessen  the  required  amount 
of  sleep  and  refreshen  the  system  by  suppljdng  the 
nutrition  in  a  form  readily  acceptable  by  the  blood. 
I  have  frequently  treated  patients  who  were  under 
long  severe  mental  strain,  who  were  enabled  by  the 
injections  of  oils  to  do  so.    One  patient  worked  forty- 


KEYES:    THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  31 

eight  hours  at  a  stretch  without  sleep  and  did  not  ex- 
perience any  ill  effects  from  the  prolonged  strain.  He 
was  under  treatment  with  injections  of  oil  and  says 
that  he  would  not  have  been  able  to  have  withstood 
such  strain  without  the  oil  injections.  This  man  is  a 
physician  and  believes  in  the  injections  of  oil  for  the 
renewal  of  life.  We  all  love  to  live  and  we  wish  to 
live  as  long  and  useful  lives  as  is  compatable  with 
health.  To  prolong  both  life  and  health  one  of  the 
great  essentials  I  believe  is  to  eat  a  good  supply  of 
fatty  food  continuously  and  thereby  establish  and  keep 
up  the  habit  of  assimilating  fats  and  oils.  As  age 
advances  it  is  evident  that  fatty  foods  are  not  assimi- 
lated as  well  or  they  would  take  the  place  of  the  fat 
tissue  absorbed  from  the  body.  In  old  age  there  is  a 
comparative  non-assimilation  of  fats.  The  conditions 
of  advancing  age,  many  other  conditions  and  diseases, 
some  of  which  we  have  mentioned,  should,  therefore, 
be  met :  first,  by  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil ;  second, 
we  should  re-establish  the  habit  of  assimilating  oils 
from  the  intestine. 


CHAPTER  II. 

Presented  by  the  author  in  the  Pacific  Medical  Journal,  May,  1909. 

THE  MAKING  OF  THE  ACME  OF  ABUNDANT  HEALTHY 

LIFE  FORCE  OF  MAN  OR  HEALTHY 

TEMPERAMENT. 

TEMPERAMENTS,  DIATHESIS,  CACHEXIAS,  ALL  THE 
DIRECT  RESULT  OF  HABITS  OF  NUTRITION. 
THEIR  RELATION  TO  HUMANITY  AND  DISEASE. 
SUBCUTANEOUS  INJECTIONS  OF  OIL  AND  THE 
ESTABLISHING  OF  THE  HABIT  OF  ASSIMILAT- 
ING FAT  AND  OILS  IN  THE  PRODUCTION  OF  A 
HEALTHY  TEMPERAMENT,  CONSTITUTION, 
STAMINA,  VIGOR  AND  LONGEVITY;  AND,  IN 
OVERCOMING  DISEASES  DUE  TO  HEREDITY  OR 
ATAVISM  AND  DIATHESIS,  NERVOUS  DISEASES, 
MAL-NUTRITION,  AND  THOSE  WITH  CACHEXIA. 

The  greatest  blessing  and  wealth  which  man  can 
possibly  possess  is  the  acme  of  healthy  life  force  in  its 
greatest  abundance.  I  do  not  mean  mere  existence 
without  disease,  but  that  condition  of  the  body  which 
is  conducive  to  the  highest  degree  of  power,  vigor, 
vitaUty,  intensity,  virility,  pollence,  tonicity,  vivacity, 
energy,  force,  might,  strength,  endurance,  persever- 
ance, quickness,  courage,  reserve  force,  resolution,  in- 
dustry, activity,  competency,  aptitude,  grace,  skill, 
genius,  beauty,  and  longevity,  and  is  directly  contrary 
to  their  opposite  conditions. 

In  this  type  of  healthy  life,  the  heart,  lungs,  kid- 
neys, liver  and  all  organs  and  glands  of  the  body  pos- 

32 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  33 

sess  a  predominant  energy  and  are  not  easily  affected 
by  disease.  The  person  possessing  such  health  lives 
long  and  grows  old  without  the  pronounced  conditions 
of  senility,  providing,  he  continues  in  the  habits  of 
nutrition  which  have  given  him  this  constitution  or 
temperament. 

In  this  type  of  the  acme  of  abundant  healthy  life 
force  of  man,  there  is  a  plump  amount  of  rich  adipose 
(by  which  I  mean  the  fat  contains  a  good  proportion  of 
oil,  not  serous  watery  fat),  the  blood  and  cells  are  well 
oxidized,  the  chest  is  broad,  the  lungs  are  healthy,  the 
complexion  good,  the  flesh  firm,  the  figure  conse- 
quently agreeable.  The  muscular  and  athletic  are  of 
this  type,  as  Ajax,  famous  for  his  size  and  physical 
strength  and  beauty.  The  statues  of  the  Apollo  Belve- 
dere and  of  the  Farnese  Hercules  show  the  character- 
istics of  this  type,  while  our  own  President  Eoose- 
velt  is  a  modern  example  of  this  healthy  type  of  abun- 
dant life  force.  The  strong,  successful  character,  with 
nerves  of  steel,  powerful  muscles,  a  perfect  digestion, 
overcomes  all  obstacles  and  is  not  easily  left  behind  in 
the  unrelenting  race. 

The  mental  faculties  of  those  who  possess  this 
abundance  of  healthy  life  force,  are  certainly  greater 
than  they  could  possibly  have  been,  had  the  same  per- 
sons possessed  bodies  of  less  healthy  patterns.  The 
very  health  of  this  class  enables  in  mind  development. 
The  minds  of  all  healthy  persons  are  not  equally  de- 
veloped, it  is  true,  because  the  mind  or  core  of  man  is 
largely  the  product  of  evolution,  endowment,  environ- 
ment, education,  and  many  other  conditions  which 
cannot  be  entered  into  here.  A  person  of  this  healthy 
type  should  propagate  children  blessed  with  the  same 
good  constitution.     As  to  whether  we  maintain  such 


34  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

a  constitution,  either  inherited  or  acquired,  or  squan- 
der it,  will  depend  entirely  upon  our  habits  of  nutri- 
tion. Before  concluding  this  discourse  I  shall  en- 
deavor to  show  how  this  healthy  type  may  be  acquired, 
even  from  the  unhealthy,  and  then  how  it  may  be  main- 
tainediand  life  prolonged. 

Temperaments  Recognized  by  the  Ancients. 

The  ancients  not  cognizant  of  our  modern  pathol- 
ogy of  disease,  were,  however,  proficient  in  recogniz- 
ing the  type  of  man  free  from  and  prone  to  certain 
diseases.  The  doctrine  of  humors  and  their  corre- 
sponding temperaments  formed  the  very  keystone  of 
the  arch  of  medicine.  Hippocrates,  400  B.  C,  the 
father  of  medicine,  from  whose  time  medicine  dates 
as  a  science,  described  four  types  of  temperaments. 
They  were  the  sanguine,  the  phlegmatic,  the  bilious  or 
choleric,  and  the  melancholic  or  atrabiliary,  depending 
for  their  significance  upon  the  solids  and  fluids  of  the 
body.  Because  of  the  perceptible  truth  expressed  in 
the  words  of  Hippocrates,  they  still  live.  It  will  be 
seen  that  this  is  a  classification  in  reality  according 
to  the  nutrition  of  the  body,  and  not  unlike  the  classifi- 
cation of  temperaments  and  their  production  with 
some  variation,  which  I  propose  to  present.  The 
ancient  writers  followed  the  classification  of  Hippoc- 
rates, while  with  some  modification  other  writers 
added  to  it,  so  that  the  nervous  temperament  was  soon 
accepted.  Then  we  had  classifications  of  tempera- 
ments which  were  founded  upon  the  development  and 
activity  of  the  organs  of  the  body,  as  the  encephalic, 
the  cerebral,  and  the  phallic  temperaments.  It  may 
be  said  that  one  temperament  merges  into  another. 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  35 

There  is  usually  in  most  all  cases  of  man  a  mixed 
temperament.  With  tribes  of  savages  the  tempera- 
ments of  all  people  of  the  tribes  when  living  in  their 
original,  uncivilized  state,  are  more  alike,  for  the  rea- 
son that  their  habits  of  nutrition  are  similar.  So  it 
will  be  seen,  that  there  is  a  great  variety  of  tempera- 
ments, all  depending  entirely  upon  the  habits  of  nutri- 
tion; and  the  comparative  assimilation  of  fat  foods, 
as  I  shall  here  try  to  establish.  We  shall  divide  the 
constitutions  of  people,  or  their  temperaments,  into 
four  grand  divisions.  These  four  temperaments  I 
shall  vary  some  from  the  description  given  by  other 
writers,  in  that  I  shall  try  to  describe  the  reasons  for 
them  and  show  how  one  can  be  converted  into  any  of 
the  other  temperaments,  or  how  those  of  lower  grade 
can  be  built  up;  while  the  higher  temperaments  may 
degenerate  through  improper  nutrition.  We  may 
indicate  them  as  the  healthy  temperament  or  acme  of 
health,  already  described;  the  obese  temperament,  the 
lymphatic  or  bilious  temperament,  and  the  poorly  nour- 
ished or  nervous  temperament.  I  shall  endeavor  to 
establish  that  the  varieties  of  temperament  are  de- 
pendent upon  the  comparative  assimilation  of  fat 
foods;  and,  it  is  their  complete  assimilation  which 
makes  the  healthy  temperament;  and,  their  compara- 
tive non-assimilation  which  makes  the  other  types  of 
temperaments  or  constitutions. 

Temperaments  have  been  defined  by  Dunglison  as 
those  individual  differences  which  consist  in  such  dis- 
proportion of  parts,  as  regards  volume  and  activity, 
as  to  sensibly  modify  the  whole  organism,  but  without 
interfering  with  the  health.  In  the  definition  given 
by  Williams  he  goes  further  by  expounding  that  while 
the  usual  proportions  of  the  different  structures  of  the 


36  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

bodies  to  each  other  constitute  varieties  of  tempera- 
ment, these  structures  or  functions,  though  they  can 
scarcely  be  called  morbid,  yet  certainly  give  a  procliv- 
ity to  disease  in  the  direction  indicated  by  the  tem- 
peraments. 
"J 

The  Greatness  of  Nutrition  Over  Mind. 

There  was  a  time  in  my  early  practice  of  medicine 
that  I  treated  many  people  by  suggestion  and  gave 
much  attention  to  mental  or  suggestive  treatment  and 
the  psychology  of  disease,  even  going  so  far  as  to 
lecture  and  accept  a  chair  on  the  subject  in  one  of  our 
colleges.  At  that  time,  no  doubt,  I  would  have  said 
and  believed  that  the  mind  had  much  more  to  do  with 
developing  the  body  and  phases  of  temperament  than 
I  would  today.  A  broader  observation,  the  study  of 
many  people,  both  collectively  and  individually,  and 
my  studies  and  work  upon  tuberculosis  and  along  the 
lines  which  I  shall  here  present  has  convinced  me  that 
nutrition  has  practically  everything  to  do  in  develop- 
ing the  body  and  much  to  do  with  the  mental  qualities 
of  the  mind,  as  to  its  irritability,  *' peace  of  mind," 
equilibrium,  and  power  of  application.  Some  poorly 
nourished  person  may  say  that  he  is  sure  that  his 
mind  is  stronger  than  his  body.  This  is  probably  so 
in  cases  of  poorly  nourished  bodies,  for,  even  here, 
the  brain  is  highly  nourished  with  the  fats,  which  it 
must  have.  The  grey  matter  of  the  brain  is  an  oily 
substance,  but  the  brain  does  not  give  this  up,  like  the 
adipose  tissue  of  the  body,  in  circumstance  of  sickness 
or  exigency  of  starvation.  In  starvation  the  brain 
loses  only  one  per  cent.,  while  the  body,  more  char- 
itable, yields  its  fat  to  nourish  all  other  tissues  and 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  37 

loses  about  two-fifths  of  its  weight  before  death.  It 
is  safe  to  say  that  the  minds  of  these  poorly  nour- 
ished people  would  have  been  better  (no  matter  how 
good  their  minds  may  have  been,  or  are,  as  has  been 
observed  in  a  number  of  celebrated  authors)  had  these 
persons  known  how  to  nourish  their  bodies,  so  as  to 
give  constitution,  strength  and  endurance.  When  the 
body  becomes  tired  and  exhausted,  the  brain  is  no 
longer  able  to  work  until  rested,  or  at  least  the  body 
is  unable  to  carry  on  the  desires  of  mind.  There  may 
be  an  ambition  greater  than  the  physical  can  accom- 
plish, and  if  these  people  were  given  a  good  constitu- 
tion they  would  accomplish  more  and  make  a  greater 
success.  We  are  not  free  agents,  though  we  may  con- 
sider ourselves  as  such,  for  the  nutritive  forces  of  life 
and  energy  form  a  resultant  to  the  individual. 

The  highest  type  of  health,  which  can  come  only 
from  right  and  proper  nourishment,  produces  an  im- 
munity from  many  diseases.  Should  the  wave  of 
interest  be  taken  in  nourishing  the  body  properly, 
as  we  shall  here  describe,  as  it  should,  and  has  been 
taken  in  subjects  of  less  importance,  then  more  would 
be  done  for  the  good  of  mankind  in  the  production 
of  the  highest  type  of  life,  health,  happiness,  freedom 
and  immunity  from  disease  than  from  all  other 
means,  medical  or  prophylactic. 

The  Obese  Temperament  or  Constitution. 

The  obese  temperament  is  produced  from  an  over- 
indulgence in  the  eating  of  albuminous  and  nitrogen- 
ous foods,  starches  and  sugars,  combined  with  natu- 
rally good  assimilative  powers  for  fats.  Frequently 
there  is  also  an  over-indulgence  in  alcoholic  liquors. 
It  is  not  of  the  highest  plane  of  health  to  become  too 


38  .  KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

fat,  so  that  this  condition  should  be  avoided.  But 
when  once  an  obese  or  large  amount  of  adipose  is 
formed,  its  reduction,  if  such  is  indicated,  should  be 
brought  about  with  great  care  lest  harmful  results 
follow.  The  withdrawal  of  fats  and  oils  from  the 
diet  of  such  a  person  is  sure  to  be  followed  by  flabby, 
anemic  fat,  general  weakness  and  all  of  the  conditions 
which  flabby  fat  leads  to,  and  which  we  will  describe 
more  fully  under  that  temperament.  When  fats  and 
oils  are  withdrawn  from  the  diet  of  the  obese,  very 
frequently  the  liver  becomes  mal-nourished,  inactive, 
often  diseased,  and  gall  stones  are  almost  sure  to  fol- 
low. If  reduction  is  brought  about,  it  should  be  done 
by  not  allowing  an  over-indulgence  in  the  albuminous 
foods,  starches  and  sugars;  but  a  sufficient  supply  of 
fats  and  oils  should  still  be  eaten,  so  as  to  keep  the 
fat  of  the  person  well  nourished,  and  thus  avoid  the 
diseases  of  flabby  fat.  Then  an  amply  active  life  should 
be  led  to  promote  oxidation,  that  fuel  or  fat  which 
would  otherwise  be  stored  in  the  body  may  be  con- 
verted into  heat  and  energy.  In  the  withdrawals  of 
the  food  other  than  fats,  I  have  frequently  treated 
these  cases  by  injecting  oil,  and  by  the  patients'  activ- 
ities have  reduced  their  weight;  and  by  the  increased 
oil  increased  their  oxidative  power  and  health.  The 
one  condition  which  people  of  the  obese  temperament 
must  ward  against  is  the  condition  of  .flabby,  watery, 
anemic  fat,  for  when  fat  is  once  formed  it  must  be 
kept  well  nourished  with  oil  to  be  healthy. 
The    Lymphatic    and   Bilious    Temperament;    Those   With 

Flabby  Fat. 

The  lymphatic  and  bilious  temperament  we  shall 
describe  as  conditions  which  often  exist  together,  and 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  39 

for  this  reason  under  one  head,  the  underlying  cause 
being  the  same.  The  characteristic  difference  between 
the  two,  as  described  by  our  ancient  authorities,  being 
in  the  complexion  and  color  of  the  hair  and  skin. 
This  form  of  temperament  or  constitution  presents 
conditions  which  vary  in  relation  to  health  and  dis- 
ease, in  just  accordance  with  the  graduation  of  the 
assimilation  of  fat  foods.  The  more  fat  foods  assimi- 
lated the  greater  is  the  proportion  of  health  and  the 
greater  the  immunity  and  the  less  susceptible  is  the 
individual  to  disease.  According  to  Hutchinson,  the 
lymphatic,  bilious,  and  nervous  constitutions  or  tem- 
peraments, are  dyscrasias  or  diatheses,  according  to 
their  permanence.  In  Hippocrates 's  description  of 
the  phlegmatic  temperament,  he  attributed  the  condi- 
tion as  due  to  the  production  of  a  super-abundance  of 
phlegm  or  lymph,  or  watery  particles ;  and  the  bilious 
or  choleric  to  the  surplus  of  yellow  bile.  There  is  much 
probity  in  Hippocrates 's  description,  inasmuch  as 
these  conditions  are  the  conditions  of  flabby  fat. 

The  anemic  form  of  flabby  fat  is  what  I  shall 
describe  as  the  cause  of  the  lymphatic  and  bilious 
temperaments,  and  when  these  cases  are  treated  with 
the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil,  they  may  be  con- 
verted into  the  sanguine,  or  the  temperament  and 
constitution  of  the  acme  of  full,  healthy  life.  We 
frequently  observe  this  condition  in  both  men  and 
women,  and  whether  the  complexion  be  dark  or  fair, 
there  is  very  often  that  varying  yellow  or  bronze  hue 
to  the  skin  which  comes  from  a  mal-nourished  liver. 
The  reason  for  this  is  that  flabby  fat  is  a  vampire 
which  saps  the  body  of  its  nutrition,  because,  such 
fat  is  not  rich  in  oil,  but  watery;  thus  the  name  lym- 
phatic constitution  or  temperament.    If  this  fat  were 


40  KEYES :     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

rich  in  oil  it  would  be  a  treasure  house  from  which 
vitality  could  be  drawn.  This  caste  of  people  can 
easily  be  placed  in  the  highest  condition  of  health. 
In  young,  delicate  girls  of  this  constitution  the  menses 
often  are  scanty  and  irregular,  and  their  faces  pale, 
though  the  amount  of  flabby,  watery  fat  may  be  large. 
In  older  women  we  often  find  the  condition  due  to 
prolonged  lactation,  where  sufficient  fats  have  not  been 
eaten  to  supply  those  taken  away.  In  either  men  or 
women  the  condition  may  have  been  caused  from  pro- 
longed sickness  which  has  depleted  a  good  constitu- 
tion of  its  stored  fuel.  Fats  and  oils  not  having  been 
fed  to  these  patients  at  the  time,  or  for  a  long  time 
after,  the  power  of  assimilating  them  was  compara- 
tively lost,  or  not  having  an  appetite  for  fats  and  oils, 
they  were  not  eaten.  In  either  case  the  adipose  would 
have  given  up  largely  of  its  stored  treasure  of  oil  and 
become  watery,  flabby  and  bankrupt.  Experiments 
upon  hogs  show  that  when  fats  are  withdrawn  from 
their  diet,  that  while  their  fat  tissue  may  shrink  away, 
their  connective  tissue  of  this  adipose  remains  as  an 
atrophied  fat.  The  same  condition  is  often  found  in 
man  after  prolonged  sickness,  and  in  the  aged  about 
the  kidneys. 

The  consequence  of  flabby,  anemic,  bankrupt  fat 
tissue  are  many  and  are  directly  opposite  to  the  con- 
ditions of  perfect  health,  produced  by  a  healthy,  rich, 
oily  fat  tissue,  for  in  healthy,  rich  adipose  there  is 
never  associated  anemia.  The  two  conditions  are 
incompatible.  As  each  fat  globule  has  its  blood  ves- 
sels, in  the  watery  fat  there  is  nothing  for  the  blood 
to  draw  from,  but  contrary  to  this,  the  watery  fat  saps 
the  blood  of  nutrition  and  vitality  and  thus  anemia 
is  produced;  on  the  other  hand,  rich,  oily  fat  feeds 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  41 

the  blood.  It  is  a  well  known  physiological  fact  that 
large  quantities  of  red  blood  corpuscles  are  made  from 
the  marrow  of  bones  and  that  fats  and  oils  are  gen- 
erally looked  upon  as  the  most  valuable  in  the  treat- 
ment of  pernicious  anemia.  In  this  constitution  or 
condition,  either  natural  or  acquired,  the  liver  then 
often  suffers  from  mal-nutrition,  the  skin  becoming 
more  or  less  bronzed  or  jaundiced  and  pale  and 
various  liver  diseases  may  result.  The  circulation  is 
often  poor,  frequently  there  is  palpitation,  the  patient 
is  cold,  because  he  does  not  produce  enough  heat  and 
his  variation  in  temperature  is  greater.  Catarrhal 
diseases  easily  develop  of  all  mucous  membranes  and 
organs.  The  muscles  are  weak,  inelastic  and  flabby. 
Because  of  the  want  of  energy,  there  is  general  weak- 
ness and  ease  of  exhaustion.  The  mental  powers  are 
lower  and  they  require  more  sleep  than  they  would 
under  conditions  of  health.  Included  in  this  same 
type  of  constitutions  are  many  who  are  not  fat,  in  the 
sense  of  the  word,  neither  are  they  thin.  The  char- 
acteristics of  this  constitution  are  so  plain,  however, 
as  to  their  anemic,  lymphatic  condition,  that  they  will 
readily  be  recognized. 

People  of  this  temperament  or  constitution  should 
be  treated  with  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  and  their 
anemic  and  flabby  conditions  of  tissue  thus  overcome. 
They  are  as  a  rule  quick  to  respond  to  treatment,  and 
to  convert  from  their  unhealthy  constitutions  to  that 
which  we  have  described  as  the  acme  of  abundant 
healthy  life  force  temperament  or  constitution. 

The  Nervous  Temperament  or  Those  of  the  Mal-Nourished 
Constitution. 

The  nervous  temperament  or  constitution  is  char- 


42  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

acterized  by  delicacy  and  mal-nutrition.     The  person 

is   anemic,  the  lips   often  pale,  the  ears  contracted 

and  of  a  bluish  or  bloodless  color,  like  those  of  an  old 

person  whose  assimilation  is  bad.     The  skin  is  often 

contracted  and  hard  and  frequently  we  have  a  nerv- 

'j  ... 

oiis,  melancholic  disposition.     They  are  easily  tired 

and  before  the  day  is  over,  if  they  have  worked  hard, 
they  become  irritable  and  through  exhaustion  often 
"have  the  blues."  Their  appetites  are  usually  poor 
and  delicate  and  they  have  an  especial  dislike  for  or 
do  not  eat  fats.  As  they  have  never  eaten  a  sufficiency 
of  fats  to  give  them  a  good  constitution,  their  assimi- 
lation of  them  is  deficient.  Those  of  this  constitution 
are  not  called  sick,  but  delicate;  but  they  only  half 
live — they  run  on  one  cylinder  instead  of  six.  They 
are  deficient  in  heat  production,  life  force  and  vitality, 
and  as  a  consequence,  all  vital  functions  are  low. 
Some  form  the  habit  of  assimilating  oils  from  the 
intestine  easier  than  others,  depending  upon  their 
condition  of  comparative  non-assimilation. 

Those  of  this  temperament  should  be  treated  with 
subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  and  built  up  to  the  high- 
est point  of  abundant  health,  which  we  have  described. 

Diathesis. 

Having  given  the  signs  by  which  the  four  consti- 
tutions of  men  may  be  recognized,  we  shall  now  take 
up  the  underlying  predisposition  to  disease,  or  diathe- 
sis, to  which  those  not  of  the  abundant,  healthy  life 
temperament  or  constitutions  are  particularly  liable. 
Hutchinson  has  defined  diathesis  to  be  any  bodily  con- 
dition, however  induced,  in  virtue  of  which  the  indi- 
vidual is,  through  a  long  period,  or  usually  through 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  43 

the  whole  of  life,  prone  to  suffer  from  some  peculiar 
type  of  disease. 

Those  of  the  lymphatic  and  bilious  temperament 
possess  a  low  resistance  to  disease  and  a  diathesis  or 
liability  to  all  diseases  of  the  liver,  kidneys  and  heart, 
more  so  than  any  other  class.  If  this  "lymphatic  hab- 
itus" has  existed  from  childhood,  we  frequently  find 
a  hyperplasia  of  the  lymphatic  system  which  may  be 
shown,  as  scrofula,  strumous  running  from  the  ear, 
rachitis,  congenital  syphilis,  etc.  In  the  more  com- 
plete "constitutio  lymphatica"  the  entire  lymphatic 
system  is  in  a  state  of  hyperplasia  and  is  particularly 
noticeable  in  the  glands  of  the  neck,  tonsils,  and 
thymus  gland  or  latter  goitre.  Such  constitutions  are 
susceptible  and  liable  to  many  diseases.  It  has  been 
pointed  out  by  Harvey,  of  Vienna,  and  Professor 
Paltauf,  that  persons  of  the  "constitutio  lymphatica" 
do  not  react  well  from  disease,  nor  physical  or  psych- 
ical shock,  and  that  they  frequently  die,  where  the 
clinical  symptoms  and  pathological  findings  would 
not  indicate  a  disease  severe  enough  to  cause  death 
in  a  healthy  constitution. 

Those  of  the  nervous  or  delicate  constitution  or 
temperament  are  perhaps  more  liable  to  pulmonary 
tuberculosis  than  the  lymphatic,  and  as  a  rule  are 
harder  to  cure,  though  the  disease  is  common  to  both. 
The  lymphatic  are,  however,  more  subject  to  tubercu- 
losis of  other  parts  of  the  body.  Eczema,  acne,  lupus, 
and  other  skin  diseases  are  often  and  sometimes  en- 
tirely caused  by  lowered  nutrition.  Catarrhal  dis- 
eases, because  of  the  lack  of  sufficient  heat,  made  from 
fats  and  oils,  are  common  to  all  the  lower  forms  of 
temperament  aud  may  be  of  any  mucous  membrane. 
This  catarrhal  condition  leads  to  what  is  known  as 


44  KEYES:     THE  K^NEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

the  litliemic  diathesis,  with  the  formation  of  stone  or 
gravel  in  the  kidneys  or  liver,  etc.  The  rheumatic 
diathesis  is  also  a  product  of  this  same  underlying 
lack  of  fats  and  oxidation  with  its  characteristic  con- 
stitutipn,  and  thus  we  have  lumbago,  painful  neural- 
gias, neuritis,  etc.  Catarrhal  appendicitis  is  of  the 
same  origin  and  may  be  permanently  cured  by  build- 
ing up  the  lowered  constitution  with  subcutaneous 
injections  of  oil,  to  that  of  health  in  its  highest  form. 
The  same  underlying  mal-nourished  conditions  with 
deficient  oxidation  leads  to  hardening  of  the  arteries 
and  old  age.  Senile  degeneration  takes  place  quickly 
in  impoverished  conditions  and  constitutions.  Even 
though  the  person  be  not  old,  they  often  become  seri- 
ously enfeebled  from  their  weakened  underlying  con- 
stitution. Cancer  is  more  common  in  the  lower  types 
of  temperaments. 

Cachexia. 

Wliere  the  nutrition  of  the  body  has  been  per- 
verted or  used  in  nature's  endeavor  to  overcome  dis- 
ease for  a  period  of  time  sufficient  to  exhaust  the  body 
of  its  fat  or  fuel  and  energy-giving  properties,  and 
this  impoverishment  of  the  system  has  become  appar- 
ent, then  it  is  known  as  cachexia.  Thus  we  have  the 
cachexia  of  perverted  nutrition,  as  in  those  cases  of 
long  continued  earth-eathing,  a  habit  sometimes 
formed  among  children,  and  some  people  in  portions 
of  the  South,  South  America  and  in  North  Queens- 
land, where  it  is  known  as  the  negroid  cachexia.  Then 
we  may  have  cachexia  from  chronic  Bright 's  disease, 
diabetes,  malaria,  impoverished  nutrition,  hook  worm 
disease,  scrofula,  pernicious  anemia,  diseases  of  the 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  45 

liver  and  bones,  effects  of  drugs,  long  continued  sick- 
ness, cancer,  etc. 

Because  of  the  great  nutritive  influence  which  sub- 
cutaneous injections  of  oil  have  upon  the  system,  I 
believe  that  with  the  injections  of  oil,  and  thus  over- 
coming the  cachexia  by  building  the  body  up  to  its 
highest  acme  of  health,  we  can  prevent  the  return  of 
cancer.  There  have  from  time  to  time  been  reported 
on  good  authority  cases  where  cancer  has  disappeared 
to  remain  away,  without  the  use  of  any  drug  what- 
soever. Now,  if  there  are  powers  of  the  body  which 
will  cure  cancer  in  rare  cases,  then  it  is  reasonable  to 
expect  that  these  powers  would  certainly  be  increased 
by  building  up  nutrition  and  cell  activity  with  oil  in- 
jections, building  the  patient  up  to  the  highest  pin- 
nacle of  abundant  life  force  temperament  and  consti- 
tution. Injections  of  oil  should,  therefore,  be  used 
after  all  operations  for  cancer. 

The  Source  of  Healthy  Constitutions  or  Temperaments. 

The  source  of  healthy  constitutions  or  tempera- 
ments, vigor,  vitality  and  energy  in  its  greatest  abund- 
ance, comes  from  the  metabolism  of  fats  and  oils. 
Fats  supply  about  two  and  one-half  times  more  force 
and  heat  than  any  other  substance  used  as  food.  The 
activity  of  cells  is  brought  about  by  destructive  met- 
abolism in  the  nature  of  oxidation.  To  furnish  the 
products  of  oxidation  these  cells  must  be  well  nour- 
ished, for  if  they  do  not  have  the  products  of  oxida- 
tion or  fuel  they  (outraged  nature)  cannot  give  that 
which  they  do  not  possess.  There  must  be  a  proper 
form  of  nutrition  to  replace  that  which  is  used  up  in 
energy  and  destruction,  or  anabolism  exceeds  katabol- 


46  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

ism  and  repair  and  thus  lack  of  vitality  and  constitu- 
tion results.  Studies  in  biology  show  that  cells  can- 
not live  without  food.  Fatty  substance  is  widely  dis- 
tributed throughout  the  body  in  some  forms  of  epi- 
thelial j  cells  (goblet  cells),  in  the  alimentary  canal, 
the  liver,  the  brain,  chyle  and  blood;  and,  exists  as 
adipose  tissue  in  nearly  all  parts  of  the  body.  It  is 
nature's  antiseptic  and  equalizer,  as  I  have  tried  to 
show  in  a  previous  article.  The  amount  of  fat  which 
the  body  contains  and  its  richness  varies,  according  to 
the  amount  eaten  and  assimilated,  and  it  is  this  which 
makes  the  many  variations  in  constitutions  or  tem- 
peraments. Impoverished  tissues  result  from  the 
want  of  fat,  and  from  this  same  want  the  epithelial 
cells  above  mentioned  may  contain  mucigen  or  mucin. 
The  blood  varies  as  to  the  amount  of  fat  which  it  con- 
tains, according  to  the  amount  eaten  and  assimilated. 
Sometimes  the  plasma  contains  so  much  fat  as  to  be 
milky. 

Oxygen  (72.0),  carbon  (13.05),  and  hydrogen 
(9.01),  make  up  94.06  per  cent,  of  the  entire  body. 
Oxygen  may  come  largely  from  the  air;  oxygen,  car- 
bon and  hydrogen  may  all  come  from  oil,  the  formula 
for  olein  of  human  fat  being  C  57  H  104  06.  Milk, 
the  natural  food  for  infants  and  young  animals,  has 
been  described  as  a  thin  syrup  holding  in  suspension 
small  globules  of  oil.  It  will,  therefore,  be  seen  that 
nature  provided  us  first  with  a  certain  amount  of  fat 
in  our  diet. 

Pats  Should  Be  Increased  as  We  Grow  Older. 

As  we  grow  older,  become  more  energetic  in  mind 
and  muscle,  and  as  the  increased  surface  of  our  body 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  47 

requires  more  fuel  to  maintain  its  heat  and  for 
increased  energy  of  movement,  to  be  in  tlie  highest 
state  of  health  and  to  possess  the  greatest  amount 
of  energy,  we  must  assimilate  that  greatest  of 
all  dynamic  heat  and  force-giving  food — fat.  Some 
have  talked  wisely  about  establishing  fat  equilibrium. 
But  I  maintain  that  there  should  be  more  fat  eaten 
than  that  which  is  just  required  to  maintain  heat  and 
energy  at  its  lowest.  We  should  have  sufficient  to  run 
on  six  cylinders  instead  of  one,  and  we  should  possess 
a  plump  amount  of  adipose  tissue  to  be  drawn  upon 
in  case  of  need,  a  reserve  tissue  or  bank  account,  as  it 
were.  Then  we  possess  that  abundant  healthy  life 
force  we  have  described  as  the  acme  of  healthy  tem- 
perament or  constitution. 

Heat  and  Energy. 

Physiologists  tell  us  that  the  heat  of  the  body 
arises  from  the  metabolic  changes  of  tissues,  largely 
through  the  exchange  of  oxygen  from  the  atmosphere 
for  carbon  and  hydrogen  from  the  body.  Oil  is  a 
hydro-carbon  and  supplies  more  than  twice  as  much 
heat  as  any  other  substance  Tised  as  food,  or  made 
from  the  body  from  other  foods.  Ordinary  body  fat 
contains  about  76  per  cent,  carbon.  The  oxidation 
of  fat  or  oil  produces  heat  and  energy.  Life  force 
varies  with  the  heat  production,  which  must  come 
from  nutrition.  The  potential  energy  of  food  is  meas- 
ured, with  few  exceptions,  by  the  heats  of  combustion 
or  calories.  Oil  is  completely  oxidized,  but  other 
foods  form  end  products  which  must  be  eliminated. 
In  the  metabolism  of  energy  it  has  been  found  that 
foodstuffs  may  replace  one  another  in  the  system,  in 


48  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

proportion  to  the  amount  of  their  calories  or  potential 
energy  which  can  be  made  from  them.  The  potential 
energy  of  the  body  must  necessarily  be  in  proportion 
to  the  energy-giving  foods  and  that  which  is  stored 
in  th^  body  and  the  oxidative  powers  of  the  system. 
Where  there  is  a  small  amount  of  proteid  food  used, 
the  remainder  of  the  food  may  be  fat,  which  will 
supply  energy,  vitality  and  life.  Subcutaneous  injec- 
tions of  oil  are,  therefore,  sufficient  to  build  up  the 
body.  By  nutrition  all  losses  of  the  body  in  work, 
thought,  activity  of  muscle  and  working  of  organs  are 
replaced  and  maintained.  Fats  and  oils  are  readily 
taken  up  for  oxidation,  while  other  foods  must  go 
through  a  roundabout  process  of  absorption  and  cleav- 
age, and  a  series  of  transformations  of  distinct  and 
varying  character,  before  they  can  be  used  by  the 
body,  and  then,  in  lowered  conditions  of  nutrition,  the 
end  products  of  these  foods  sometimes  cause  disease 
and  senility. 

Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil  Living  Energy. 

Oil  subcutaneously  injected  is  the  only  substance 
used  as  food  which  can  enter  the  body  in  practically 
the  same  manner  as  through  the  complicated  appara- 
tus of  digestion  and  be  used  for  the  production  of 
heat,  energy,  force  and  life.  The  radiant  energy  of 
the  sun's  rays  is  stored  in  oil;  there  is  a  definite 
absorption  spectrum.  This  potential  energy  is  set 
free,  or  is  again  made  kinetic  when  the  oil  is  used  in 
combustion,  and  produces  heat,  energy,  force  and  life. 
There  is,  therefore,  in  oil  living  energy  besides  that 
which  is  produced  by  combustion. 


Case  VII.  Mr.  W.  L.  G.,  who  gained  100  pounds  in  weight  and 
recovered  entirely  from  pulmonary  tuberculosis.  Treatment:  Sub- 
cutaneous injections  of  oil.  He  remains  well  and  has  been  actively 
engaged  since  the  second  month's  treatment.     His  life  was  renewed. 


Case    XVIII.      Dr.    F.   K.    E.,   who    gained    17   pounds   in   weight. 
Treatment:      Subcutaneous  injections  of   oil.     His  life   was  renewed. 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  49 

Injections  of  Oil  Increase  Energy  and  the  Powers  of 
Oxidation. 

The  idea  that  oxidation  is  brought  about  largely 
in  the  tissues  and  cells  in  their  metabolic  changes  is 
inclined  to  by  most  physiologists.  Some  have  ad- 
vanced the  theory  that  the  oxidation  and  variation  of 
oxidation  in  different  individuals  is  due  to  unorgan- 
ized ferments  or  enzymes  (oxydases)  which  have  a 
peculiar  property  of  promoting  oxidation.  This  the- 
ory has  been  advanced  by  some  to  show  the  reason 
why  there  is  a  class  of  people  who  can  assimilate  fats 
better  than  others  and  why  some  are  more  full  of 
energy  and  life  and  as  a  consequence  are  healthier 
and  less  liable  to  disease.  Since  it  is  largely  theoretical, 
we  will  not  dwell  upon  this  point,  but  we  are  certain 
that  by  increasing  the  work  of  the  organs  of  diges- 
tion, we  do  thereby  increase  their  ferments  and  powers 
of  digestion.  Now,  by  the  injections  of  oil  we  increase 
the  amount  of  substance  to  be  oxidized  and  by  con- 
tinued training,  these  oxidative  powers  are  increased 
as  is  shown  by  increased  health,  change  of  tempera- 
ment or  constitution,  to  its  highest  activity,  and  by 
increased  lung  and  chest  development. 

Lung  Development. 

The  lungs  both  give  and  take — they  take  in  oxygen 
and  excrete  carbon-dioxid.  In  proportion  to  the 
amount  of  carbon-dioxid  excreted,  which  comes  great- 
est from  fats,  they  will  grow  and  be  healthy.  There- 
fore, lung  excretion  should  never  exceed  the  amount 
of  carbon  food  (principal  of  which  I  mean  the  fats) 
in  the  diet.  But  exercise  should  be  in  just  proportion, 
so  that  we  do  not  accumulate  too  much  adipose  and 
so  that  sufficient  oxidative  and  energy-giving  powers 


50  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

be  developed;  for  laziness,  inactivity,  warm  climate, 
warm  flats,  etc.,  are  conducive  to  inactive  and  low- 
ered oxidative  powers. 

,  Impoverished  Constitutions. 

Impoverished  constitutions  or  temperaments,  mal- 
nourished and  half -starved  tissues,  are  due  more  fre- 
quently to  the-  non-eating  and  the  non-assimilation  of 
fats  than  from  any  other  cause. 

In  this  lowered  state  of  constitution  we  find  that 
anemia  or  oligemia  exists  and  the  mass  of  living  cells 
from  the  blood  do  not  carry  on  the  exchange  of  carbon 
for  oxygen  as  they  do  in  the  abundant,  healthy 
constitution.  The  reason  for  this  is  that  they  have 
no  carbon  to  give,  because,  in  this  class  of  people, 
there  is  always  a  deficiency  of  fats  (hydro-carbons)  in 
their  diet  and  because  oil  requires  a  greater  amount 
of  oxygen  for  its  conversion  than  other  foods. 

Fats  and  oils,  when  once  assimilated,  are  eliminated 
almost  entirely  by  the  lungs  and  have  no  end  products, 
like  urea,  uric  acid,  etc.,  to  be  excreted  by  the  kidneys. 
The  nitrogen  and  proteid  substances,  urea,  uric  acid, 
etc.,  frequently  are  not  thoroughly  eliminated  in  these 
lowered  constitutions  because  of  the  poor  oxidative 
powers  of  such  individuals.  For  this  reason  a  dia- 
thesis to  rheumatism,  lithemia,  hardening  of  the 
arteries,  tissues  of  the  brain,  etc.,  is  produced.  There- 
fore, to  overcome  this  impoverished  constitution  and 
to  increase  the  oxidative  powers  of  the  body  we  have 
the  call  for  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil. 

The  burning  of  fats  and  oils  by  the  body  being 
relatively  a  simple  process,  the  subcutaneous  injec- 
tions of  oil  start  the  fires  of  life  to  going,  as  it  were, 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  51. 

to  eliminate  such  products  as  tend  toward  disease. 
Not  so  with  otlier  foods,  because  of  the  series  of  trans- 
formations which  they  must  undergo.  Subcutaneous 
injections  of  oil  in  promoting  oxidation,  heat,  life, 
energy,  stamina,  vigor  and  vitality  place  the  body 
in  the  best  possible  condition  to  ward  off  all  kinds  of 
diseases  and  do  away  with  diathesis  and  cachexia. 

Summary. 

In  summary,  then,  of  the  diseases  of  constitution 
or  temperament,  of  mal-nutrition,  diathesis  and  cach- 
exia we  may  say:  That  primarily  they  are  due  to 
a  lack  of  fats  and  oils,  which  are  not  sufficient  in 
amount  to  maintain  proper  equilibrium  of  health  and 
oxidation,  and  as  a  result  there  is  impoverishment  of 
tissues;  and  oxidation  so  deficient  that  the  system  is 
unable  to  carry  off  the  end  products  of  other  foods. 

We  may,  therefore,  say  that  the  lineage  of  health 
and  disease  is :  that  fat  and  oil  is  that  which  gives 
healthy  constitution,  with  the  highest  state  of  im- 
munity from  disease,  and  a  vigor  and  vitality  of  mind 
and  body  which  tends  toward  success  in  all  walks  of 
life.  On  the  other  side  the  lack  of  fats  and  oils  as 
nourishment  is  the  parent  of  unhealthy  constitutions 
or  temperaments,  the  destroyer  of  health  and  the  fore- 
father of  all  diathetic  predispositions  and  proclivities 
to  disease.  Diathesis  and  Cachexia  are  their  children. 
Of  the  Diathetic  family  we  have  the  Scrofulous,  the 
Strumous,  the  Tuberculous,  the  Rachitic,  the  Bron- 
chitic,  the  Choreic,  the  Nervous,  the  Hysteric,  Multiple 
Neuritis,  Degenerative  Diseases  of  the  Spinal  Cord,  as 
Locomotor  Ataxia,  Muscular  Atrophies  and  Dystro- 
phies, Degenerations  of  the  Brain,  as  the  Epileptic  and 


52  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

forms  of  Paresis.  Then  we  have  the  Diabetic,  the 
Pernicious  Anemic,  the  Catarrhal,  the  Malarious,  the 
Hemorrhagic,  the  Scorbutic,  the  Lithemic,  the  Uric 
Acid,  the  Eheumatic,  the  Eclampsic,  Bright 's  Disease, 
Liver  disease  and  the  Exhausted.  The  children  of 
Cachexia  are  the  Syphilitic,  those  of  Perverted  Nutri- 
tion, and  Drug  Addiction,  Diabetes,  Bright 's  Disease, 
Pernicious  Anemia,  Diseases  of  the  Bones,  Cancer, 
and  others. 

Again,  with  the  aid  of  subcutaneous  injections  of 
oil  we  can  build  healthy  constitutions  or  tempera- 
ments. We  can  convert  temperaments  of  low  degree 
of  health,  such  as  we  have  described  as  the  nervous, 
lympliatic  or  bilious,  to  that  which  we  have  called  the 
highest  type  or  acme  of  abimdaut  healthy  life  force, 
or  healthy  temperament  or  constitution,  full  of  stam- 
ina, vigor  and  vitality. 

Of  three  hundred  and  seventy-four  cases  treated 
with  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil,  the  average  gain 
in  weight  was  ten  pounds  per  month  for  the  first 
three  mouths.  One  patient  gained  one  hundred  pounds 
in  weight.  Some  of  the  lymphatic  or  flabby  fat  we 
did  not  wish  to  make  gain  in  weight,  so  that  the 
amount  of  oil  injected  was  regulated  to  promote 
health  rather  than  fat.  All  experienced  a  renewal  of 
life  and  health,  a  stronger  physical  constitution  and 
temporanieut.  A  thirteen  year  old  boy  with  an  acute 
tuberculosis  gained  eighteen  pounds  and  grew  one  and 
one-half  inches  taller  in  six  months'  treatment  and 
has  remained  well  and  free  from  the  disease  and  now 
possesses  the  healthy  t^^-^e  of  temperament.  Time 
would  be  well  spent  in  re^dewing  the  cases  which  I 
have  treated  with  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  to 
note  the  most  iuterestins:  and  wonderful  results  ob- 


KP]YES:     THE  RENEWAL  OV  LI  IK.  53 

tained,  but  space  will  uol  jx-i^juil.  Id  lnlx-i-cnlosis,  as 
I  have  pointed  out  in  jjievious  communications,  the 
subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  meet  every  indication 
for  tlie  cure  of  tiie  disease,  an  absolute  specific.  This 
I  have  proven  in  a  large  number  of  advanced  eases. 

Oil  is  the  .i^reatest  germicide  wliir-h  the  body  man- 
ufactures in  its  own  laboratory  and  is  the  one  wIjIi^-Ij 
can  be  used  for  tlie  successful  treatment  of  disease. 

Life  and  vitality  are  (h-j)' Ji'ient  upon  a  sum  of 
forces,  princix)al  of  wiiich  is  niiliiliojj  ;nj(|  oxidation. 
Oil  is  an  affinity  which  when  injected  unites  wjljj  the 
blood  and  supplies  nutrition  for  oxidation,  celt  nutri- 
tion and  cell  activity  and  energy,  and  consequently 
builds  up  nutrition  more  rapidly  tlian  any  other 
means. 

Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  require  very  little 
energy  upon  the  part  of  the  body  to  convert  the  oil 
so  injected  into  lieat,  energy,  life,  and  nutrition  for 
tissue  repair. 

The  treatment  is  not  founded  on  theory,  but  initli 
and  facts.  Theory?  Often  vanishes.  But  truth  jinH 
facts?     Demand  recognition  and  accex^tance. 


CHAPTER  III. 

Presented  by  the  author  in  The  Medical  Counselor,  March,  1909. 

CURE  THAT  HIPPOCRATIC  FACE  OR  THAT  FLABBY 
FAT,  AND  YOU  WILL  POSSESS  THE  VIGOR  FOR 
HEALTH  AND  REVIVE  THE  FIRES  OF  LIFE.* 

There  are  three  types  of  men,  made  so  by  the 
effects  of  nutrition  and  its  kind. 

Thns  we  have,  first,  the  man  with  the  Hippocratic 
face;  second,  the  man  with  the  flabby  fat;  and  third, 
the  robust  man  of  stamina  and  constitution,  nerve 
and  energy,  to  its  fullest  extent. 

These  types  of  men  have  been  described  as  tem- 
peraments or  diathesis,  and  correspond  to  the  Nervous 
temperament,  the  Bilious  temperament,  and  the  San- 
guine temperament.  All  of  these  temperaments,  I 
shall  try  to  show  you  correspond  to  the  kind  of  nutri- 
tion assimilated,  fat  nutrition,  if  you  please,  and  are 
characteristic  of  the  three  types  of  men  named.  Tem- 
peraments or  diathesis  are  therefore  relative  terms, 
corresponding  to  the  state  of  nutrition  and  the  effects 
which  habits  of  assimilation  of  nutrition  have  pro- 
duced in  building  the  body.  These  effects  are  produced 
by  the  non-assimilation  or  the  assimilation  compara- 
tively or  completely  of  the  dynamic  power,  force  and 
blood-giving  foods. 

*  Hippocrates  classified  people  tinder  four  temperaments  or  habits 
of  the  body,  namely,  the  sanguineous,  the  phlegmatic,  the  bilious  or 
choleric,  and  the  melancholic.  Dr.  Gregory  added  the  nervous  tempera- 
ment. Other  writers  have  proposed  a  number  of  other  temperaments 
and  various  classifications.  For  the  purpose  of  this  paper  we  mention 
only  the  three  grand  divisions. 

54 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  55 

The  foods  most  essential  for  the  giving  and  pro- 
ducing of  dynamic  power  are  known  as  the  carbon 
foods,  or  heat-prodacing  foods,  principal  of  which  are 
the  fats  and  oils  (or  hydro-carbons) ;  and  it  is  these 
or  the  comparative  lack  of  these  which  have  made  the 
three  types  of  men. 

Oil  or  fat  (hydro-carbons)  supply  two  and  one-half 
times  more  force  and  heat  than  any  other  food.  They 
are  excreted  when  assimilated  almost  entirely  by  the 
lungs ;  and  in  this  excretion  or  exchange  of  carbon  for 
oxygen  lies  their  dynamic  power,  giving  might,  energy, 
force,  stamina  and  vigor  to  the  body  in  its  fullest 
degree.  Fats  are  also  concerned  largely  in  the  pro- 
duction of  red  blood  cells,  for  physiologists  tell  us 
that  from  the  marrow  of  bones  are  largely  made  the 
red  blood  corpuscles,  and  these  again  nourish  all  other 
tissues. 

Every  individual  has  his  own  co-efficient  of  energy 
and  heat  production.  The  amount  of  carbon  excreted 
varies  greatly,  according  to  the  amount  of  carbon 
foods  eaten  and  assimilated.  Thus  it  has  been  found 
that  the  poor  eaters  who  do  not  eat  a  sufficiency  of 
fat  have  existed  on  200  grms.  of  carbon  per  day.  It 
is  no  wonder  then  that  these  people,  and  those  who 
from  dislike  or  want  of  knowledge  of  the  necessity  of 
carbon  foods,  should  be  weak  and  low  in  metabolism, 
thin  and  possess  a  nervous  temperament  and  the  Hip- 
pocratic  face. 

The  Hippocratic  face  or  countenance  is  that  indic- 
ative of  poor  assimilation  of  fat  foods.  It  was  de- 
scribed by  Hippocrates  in  his  symptomatology  of 
tuberculosis,  400  B.  C,  and  was  so  true  that  it  received 
his  name  and  has  been  frequently  repeated  in  litera- 
ture up  to  the  present  day.    You  will  find  it  an  accu- 


56  KEYES:     THE  RBNEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

rate  guide  and  a  consequence  of  not  eating  and  not 
assimilating  fats.  "A  sharp  nose,  hollow  eyes,  temples 
depressed,  the  ears  cold  and  contracted,  the  skin  above 
the  forehead  hard,  stretched  and  dry,  all  the  face  of  a 
greenish  color  or  black  or  livid  are  mortal  signs." 
Now,  I  do  not  wish  for  you  to  infer  that  all  who  have 
a  partial  or  comparative  non-assimilation  of  fats,  or 
do  not  have  the  habit  of  eating  fats,  have  all  of  these 
marks,  but  you  will  notice  some  of  them  to  some  extent 
in  a  varying  degree,  as  the  contracted  ears,  like  those 
of  the  old  who  have  ceased  to  assimilate  well,  and 
those  of  the  young  who  are  poorly  nourished. 

With  some  i)oor  people  this  habit  of  not  eating 
fats  may  have  been  formed  from  want,  while  with  the 
rich  it  may  have  come  from  dissipated  habits,  or  from 
a  dislike  for  fatty  foods.  Wliere  there  is  a  dislike  for 
fatty  foods,  the  habit  of  assimilating  them  is  harder 
to  produce,  and  particularly  is  this  true  if  they  have 
imitated  the  manners  and  habits  of  their  forebears,  as 
to  not  eating  and  assimilating  fats. 

People  of  the  Hippocratic  face  lack  in  vitality  in 
accordance  with  their  comparative  non-digestion  of 
fats.  The  less  fat  they  assimilate  the  less  their  excre- 
tion of  heat,  and  the  less  is  their  stamina,  vigor  and 
vitality.  They  take  cold  easily  and  do  not  recover 
quickly.  They  are  easy  subjects  to  disease  and  par- 
ticularly prone  to  be  tubercular.  They  do  not  possess 
that  over-abundance  of  life  which  was  intended  for 
them  and  which  is  so  essential  in  thes-e  energy  strain- 
ing times.  When  they  grow  old  all  of  their  arteries 
are  subject  to  hardening.  They  do  not  grow  old  grace- 
fully, because  after  the  age  of  fifty  assimilation  be- 
comes gradually  more  defective. 

People  of  this  class  should  be  treated  with  suh- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  57 

cutaneous  injections  of  oil,  to  build  up  rugged  health 
and  to  improve  the  health  of  all  of  their  impoverished 
organs  and  tissues.  The  habit  of  assimilating  fats 
and  oils  should  be  established,  which  in  this  class  of 
temperament  or  diathesis  will  often  require  several 
months.  When  the  habit  of  assimilating  fats  and  oils 
is  once  established  their  diathesis  or  temperament  is 
changed  to  the  healthy  diathesis  or  temperament. 

We  now  come  to  the  second  class:  those  of  the 
flabby  fat,  those  whose  adipose  is  made  up  from  the 
eating  of  starches  and  sugars,  and  not  from  the  eating 
of  fats  and  oils.  These  people  you  will  recognize  as 
those  of  the  Bilious  temperament.  They  often  have 
yellow  complexions,  and  because  the  adipose  of  this 
class  is  of  a  serous,  watery  nature,  they  are  sometimes 
called  lymphatic  or  of  a  lymphatic  temperament.  Their 
adipose  is  more  or  less  of  a  drone,  according  to  its  lack 
of  richness  in  oil  or  the  comparative  assimilation  of 
fats  and  oils.  AVhen  they  do  not  assimilate  fats  and  oils 
well,  their  adipose  is  consequently  of  a  serous  or 
watery  nature.  They  are  then  anemic  and  all  organs 
of  the  body  are  poorly  nourished  and  defective  in 
nutrition.  All  of  the  vital  organs  and  tissues  of  the 
body  are  then  easily  affected  by  disease  and 
are  weak.  This  class  are  particularly  subject  to  and 
usually  have  a  mal-nourished  liver.  They  are  liable 
to  liver  diseases,  gallstones,  diabetes.  Bright 's  dis- 
ease, catarrhal  conditions  of  the  alimentary  canal, 
general  weakness  and  many  nervous  affections.  It  is 
this  kind  of  fat  people  whose  adipose  is  not  made  up 
from  the  assimilation  of  fats  and  oils  who  are  subject 
to  diseases  of  the  respiratory  organs,  bronchitis,  pneu- 
monia and  tuberculosis.  They  do  not  grow  old,  as  a 
rule,  as  fast  as  those  of  the  Hippocratic  face,  because 


58  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

they  usually  assimilate  a  little  more  fat  and  their  habit 
of  excluding,  fats  from  their  diet  is  not  so  complete. 
"When  they  are  affected  by  old  age  and  hardening  of 
the  arteries  it  is  usually  only  of  the  larger  arteries 
of  the  extremities. 

In  those  of  the  most  complete  Bilious  tempera- 
ment, or  those  of  the  lymphatic  flabby  fat,  their  fat 
or  adipose  often  acts  as  a  vampire,  which  saps  their 
vitality  and  nourishment  from  the  blood.  This  con- 
dition and  all  of  those  diseases  of  mal-nutrition  due 
to  flabby  vampire  fat  or  adipose  can  best  be  treated 
with  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil.  They  are  usually 
quicker  to  respond  to  treatment  than  those  of  the  Hip- 
pocratic  face  or  nervous  temperament,  for  the  reason 
that  it  will  not  usually  take  them  so  long  to  establish 
the  habit  of  assimilating  fats.  With  the  subcutaneous 
injections  of  oil  and  the  establishing  of  the  habit  of 
assimilating  oils  their  adipose  can  be  converted  from 
that  of  the  bilious,  flabby,  anemic  adipose  to  that  of 
healthy  adipose,  a  treasure  house  of  heat  and  force 
from  which  vitality  can  be  drawn  and  used  by  all 
organs  and  tissues  of  the  body  for  the  cure  of  dis- 
ease, repair,  and  preservation  of  health.  After  a 
course  of  this  treatment  people  of  this  class  are  con- 
verted to  the  healthy  diathesis  of  the  third  class. 

Of  the  third  class  in  their  early  life  medical  men 
have  little  to  do  for  them,  except,  perhaps,  for  the  dis- 
eases and  consequences  of  misfortune  and  indiscre- 
tion, and  over-indulgence  in  other  foods  than  fats, 
particularly  liquors.  This  obesity  of  the  Sanguine 
temperament  is  not  to  be  recommended.  One  should 
never  become  too  fat,  for  fat  when  once  formed  needs 
to  be  kept  well  nourished,  or  the  person  possessing  it 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  59 

will  sink  into  a  Bilious  temperament,  with  greater  lia- 
bility to  disease  and  all  the  consequences  of  flabby  fat. 

The  healthy  Sanguine  temperament  is  formed  from 
the  constant  eating  of  a  good  supply  of  fats.  We 
should  all  have  a  plump  amount  of  adipose  and  healthy 
blood,  kept  so  by  the  assimilation  of  fats  and  a  just 
proportion  of  exercise.  When  we  are  in  this  condi- 
tion we  possess  that  wealth  of  constitution  so  over- 
flowing with  health.  Such  people  live  long  and  grow 
old  gracefully.  Their  life  could,  however,  probably 
be  prolonged,  for  after  the  age  of  fifty,  even  with 
these  healthy  people,  there  is  a  gradual  diminishing 
of  carbon  excretion  (the  used  power  of  the  body), 
which  goes  to  show  that  there  is  lessened  assimilation 
of  the  carbon-forming,  heat-producing  stamina,  vigor- 
giving  foods,  principal  of  which  are  the  hydro-carbons 
or  fats. 

The  life  of  all  could  probably  be  prolonged  by 
training  the  system  to  assimilate  more  carbon  foods, 
particularly  fats.  Wheat  will  not  grow  in  wornout 
soil,  and  so  with  man;  cells  of  the  body  require  re- 
newed nourishment  and  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil 
will  nourish  them  and  renew  life. 


CHAPTER  IV. 

THE    CURE    OF    CONSUMPTION    BY    FEEDING    THE 
PATIENT  WITH  SUBCUTANEOUS  INJEC- 
TIONS OF  OIL. 

By  the  method  of  treatment  which  I  here  describe  I 
believe  that  consumption  can  be  absolutely  cured. 

First,  however,  before  entering  into  the  merits  of 
this  treatment  let  us  briefly  consider  the  disease. 

Tuberculosis  is  a  disease  of  mal-nutrition,  and  while 
the  presence  of  the  germ  confirms  the  diagnosis,  before 
the  germ  can  grow  it  must  find  a  suitable  soil;  there 
must  exist  a  pre-tubercular  condition.  It  is  estimated 
that  we  all  breathe  in  a  great  many  of  these  germs,  but 
that  they  cannot  grow  in  a  healthy,  well-nourished  in- 
dividual. People  who  have  consumption  do  not  eat 
fats,  oils  and  cream  in  sufficient  quantities.  The  first 
requisite  in  an  attempt  to  cure  tuberculosis  has  been 
for  many  years,  and  particularly  of  late  years,  to  feed 
the  patient  on  various  oils,  and  the  most  successful 
sanitariums  have  adopted  a  process  of  food  forcing, 
using  the  fats  of  meats,  butter  and  cream  as  the  prin- 
cipal foods  to  be  relied  upon  to  effect  a  cure,  each 
article  of  diet  being  selected  for  its  fat-producing  and 
strength-giving  properties.  To  this  out-of-door  life 
has  been  advocated,  because  such  life  promotes 
appetite  and  is  conducive  to  place  the  body  in  con- 
dition for  the  absorption  of  more  fats.  I  was  one 
of  the  first  to  advocate  tent  colonies  for  the  treatment 
of  tuberculosis,  in  two  articles  entitled  "Camp  and  Out- 

60 


KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  61 

door  Life  as  an  Aid  to  the  Permanent  Cure  of  Tuber- 
culosis," February  21,  1900,  and  "Some  Results  of 
Camp  and  Outdoor  Life  in  Northern  Wisconsin, ' '  Con- 
gress of  Tuberculosis,  May  15-16,  1901,  and  previous 
to  this  time  I  had  located  an  out-of-door  camp  for  the 
treatment  of  these  invalids  in  northern  Wisconsin. 

To  maintain  nutrition  has  long  been  considered  the 
prime  requisite  of  cure,  and  an  increase  of  weight  is 
an  indication  that  nutrition  is  overcoming  the  disease. 
With  increase  of  weight  there  comes  strength,  and  the 
passing  away  of  distressing  symptoms,  such  as  the 
products  of  the  disease,  expectoration  of  mucus,  fever 
and  finally  cough.  Professor  Osier  has  stated  that  the 
arrest  and  cure  of  the  disease  is  entirely  a  matter  of 
nutrition  and  that  the  whole  object  of  treatment  is  to 
fortify  the  patient's  constitution  against  the  inroads 
of  the  disease  so  that  the  individual  cells  of  the  body 
have  the  stamina  to  fight  against  and  destroy  the  tu- 
bercle bacillus.  Regarding  tuberculosis,  Dr.  J.  H. 
Elliot,  Canadian  Journal  of  Medicine  and  Surgery, 
March,  1903,  says  that  nutrition  is  dependent  upon  the 
proper  assimilation  of  food,  while  improvement  must 
be  proportionate  to  the  increase  in  the  amount  assim- 
ilated. All  therapeutic  measures,  says  Marfan,  should 
be  devoted  to  the  end  of  nutrition,  and  the  earlier  such 
measures  are  instituted  the  greater  the  prospect  of 
cure.  I  shall  not  go  further  into  the  fact  that  the  whole 
cure  of  tuberculosis  up  to  the  present  time  is  dependent 
upon  our  ability  to  nourish  the  patient,  except  to  say 
that  the  methods  of  Dettweiler,  von  Leyden  and  Hoff- 
man, of  Germany,  depend  upon  results  from  nutrition, 
and  to  this  end  they  have  advocated  forced  diet,  regard- 
less of  appetite.    If  the  patieat  is  to  recover  he  must 


62  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

eat.    Out-of-door  life  is  important  inasmuch  as  it  sup- 
plies, to  some  extent  the  appetite. 

Anorexy  is  one  of  the  worst  symptoms  against  the 
cure  of  tuberculosis.  It  is  impossible  to  get  the  aver- 
age patient  to  eat  enough  fats,  and  a  person  who  eats 
plenty  of  fats  never  has  consumption.  A  person  who 
has  consumption  is  the  one  who  leaves  the  fat  from  his 
meat,  eats  very  little  butter,  and  little  of  cream  and 
milk.  He  does  not  and  has  not  lived  upon  a  proper 
nourishing  diet.  When  a  patient  is  advanced  in  the 
disease  he  is  unable  on  account  of  this  loss  of  appe- 
tite and  nausea  to  eat  sufficient  food  to  maintain  nutri- 
tion, and  therefore  gradually  declines  as  the  disease 
advances. 

In  the  Cosmopolitan. of  May,  1904,  is  an  article  en- 
titled, ''Wonderful  Wliale  Hunting  by  Steam."  The 
author  of  this  article,  Mr.  P.  T.  McGrath,  says:  "It 
is  noteworthy  that  whale  oil,  like  cod  oil,  is  a  substan- 
tial antidote  to  pulmonary  disease.  Men  with  incipient 
tuberculosis  have  been  employed  at  these  factories,  and 
after  laboring  for  a  few  weeks  over  the  fumes  of  the 
immense  oil  vats,  have  thrown  off  the  symptoms  of  the 
disease."  From  this  we  may  conclude  that  fats  are 
absorbed  from  the  fumes  of  the  vats,  and  from  the 
handling  and  slicing  of  the  fatty  flesh  of  the  whale,  the 
fats  being  absorbed  through  the  skin  and  taken  up  by 
the  blood  in  a  way  similar  to  its  absorption  from  the 
intestine. 

It  is  also  likely  that  the  fatty  fumes  have  a  bene- 
ficial effect  upon  the  lungs  when  these  are  breathed 
in,  and  that  in  this  way  they  render  the  bacilli  less 
active,  as  oils  destroy  the  activity  of  the  germs  and 
finally  the  germs  themselves. 

In  the  above  few  words  I  have  tried  to  convey  the 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OP  LIFE.  63 

importance  of  nutrition  in  the  cure  of  this  disease, 
believing  that  the  cure  rests  entirely  upon  our  ability 
to  so  nourish  the  system  and  stimulate  the  cells  of  the 
body  that  they  will  throw  off  the  disease. 

The  Assimilative  Power  of  the  White  Blood  Cells. 
Experiments  have  been  conducted  principally  by  the 
Italian  physicians,  and  a  few  others,  viz.,  Gabrelschew- 
ski,  Arch.  f.  Exp.  Path.,  1891,  bd.  28,  Czerny,  Arch.  f. 
Exp.  Path.,  1893,  bd.  31,  Liviertato,  Arch.  Italiano  di 
Clinica  Medica,  n.  3,  1893,  Tarchetti  e  Parodi,  La 
Clinica  Medica  Italiana,  n.  10,  1899,  Kraminer,  Berl. 
Klin.  Woch.,  n.  6,  1890,  Oliva,  Gazzetta  degli  Ospedali, 
17  guigno,  1900,  Tarchetti  C,  Sull  esistenza  di  un  fer- 
mento  diastace  nei  corpuscoli  bianche,  Gazzetta  degli 
Ospedali,  n.  90,  1900,  Sull  natura  e  sul  significato  della 
sostenza  iodofila  die  globuli  bianchi.  La  Clinica  Medica 
Italiana,  n.  8,  1900,  Di  una  pretesa  degenerazione  ami- 
loidea  sperimentale.  La  Clinica  Medica  Italiana,  n.  7, 
1900,  Richerche  sulla  degenerazione  amiloidea  sper- 
mintale.  La  Clinica  Medica  Italiana,  n.  11,  1902,  Por- 
cile  v.,  Sul  valore  semeiologico  della  reaczione  iodofilia 
nei  purulenti,  Gazzetta  degli  Ospedali,  Milano,  n.  102, 
1900,  which  go  to  show  that  there  is  a  glycogenic  fer- 
ment in  the  cells,  which  has  the  power  to  digest 
starches.  These  experiments  have  been  carried  on 
principally  to  discover  a  cause  for  the  disease  diabetes. 
It  has  also  been  shown  more  or  less  perfect  by  some 
of  these  same  observers  that  fats  when  placed  in  the 
tissues  may  be  assimilated  by  the  white  blood  cells. 
Though  these  experiments,  according  to  Tar- 
chetti, Clinica  Medica  Italiana,  1900,  are  not  defin- 
ite, it  is  clear  that  the  white  cells  of  the  blood 
possess  a  ferment  or  property  which  has  the  power 
of    digesting    fats    and    starches,    and    without    go- 


64  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE, 

ing  into  the  process  biological,  chemical,  phagocytic, 
osmotic,  etc.,  which  has  been  gone  into  by  Dr.  Spezia 
in  the  numbers  five  and  six  of  the  Gazetta  Medica  Lom- 
harda,  1904,  for,  as  Tarchetti,  Gazetta  degli  Ospedali, 
n.  28, ,1904,  says,  "is  it  possible  to  follow  the  rapid 
course  of  oil  injected  into  the  internal  organism  and 
the  phenomena  positively  chemical,  of  osmosis,  of 
phagocytosis,  and  of  digestion  intercellular?" 
Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil  Produce  Great  Fat  in  a  Dog. 
Prof.  Leube,  Uber  die  Verwendung  von  subkutan 
injectirtem  felt  im  stoffiurecheel  sitzungsber  d.  physick 
— Medicin  Gesellschaft  zu  Wurzhurg,  1895 — in  a  pre- 
liminary communication  issued  the  following  experi- 
ment regarding  the  utilization  of  subcutaneouslj^  in- 
jected fats,  for  which  I  am  indebted  to  the  article  of 
Dr.  Lafayette  B.  Mendel,  The  Dietetic  and  Hygienic 
Gaz.,  1895:  "In  treating  patients  with  a  weak  heart 
Leube  incidentally  observed  that  it  was  possible  to 
make  tewnty  or  more  injections  of  camphorated  oil 
(0.1  0.2  camphor  to  1.0  ol.  oliv.)  per  day  without  call- 
ing forth  any  irritation  of  the  skin  or  other  disturb- 
ances. In  one  almost  hopeless  case  100  injections  of 
camphorated  oil  were  made  per  day  on  three  different 
days  with  excellent  results,  and  attention  was  directed 
to  the  fact  that  80  to  100  grams  of  oil  could  thus  be  in- 
jected per  day.  The  question  at  once  arose  as  to 
whether  such  large  quantities  of  fat  merely  remained 
beneath  the  skin  or  were  actually  utilized  in  the  nutri- 
tion of  the  body.  Leube,  therefore,  instituted  a  series 
of  experiments  on  dogs  in  which  the  body  fat  had  been 
reduced  to  a  minimum,  with  the  object  of  ascertaining 
whether  fat  subcutaneously  injected  in  such  animals 
could  be  assimilated,  i.  e.,  stored  up  as  fat  in  the  body. 
In  order  to  be  able  to  detect  a  deposit  of  subcuta- 


Case  XIV.  Mrs.  R.  ¥.,  who  gained  18  pounds  in  weight,  recovered 
from  asthma  and  remains  well.  Treatment:  Subcutaneous  injections 
of  oil.     Her  life  was  renewed. 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OP  LlPi\  65 

neously  injected  fat  in  the  tissues  Leube  selected  but- 
ter for  his  experiments,  since  this  fat  contains  in 
addition  to  palmitin,  sterin  and  oelin,  of  which  the  ani- 
mal fat  is  practicalJy  composed,  glycerides  of  the  lower 
fatty  acids  in  considerable  quantities,  so  that  they  can 
readily  be  detected  chemically  and  determined  in  the 
tissues.  In  one  experiment  a  dog  was  fed  250  grams 
of  lean  meat  daily  until  the  animal  remained  at  con- 
stant weight  for  four  weeks  and  appeared  extremely 
emaciated.  An  absence  of  body  weight  could  thus  be 
assumed.  In  addition  to  the  continued  feeding  of 
meat,  liquid  butter  of  about  body  temperature  was  now 
injected  daily  beneath  the  skin  of  the  limbs."  A  total 
of  3,450  grams  of  butter  was  injected  subcutaneously 
in  amounts  varying  from  20  c.c.  to  100  c.c.  daily  for  a 
period  extending  over  three  months,  when  the  dog  was 
killed.  **An  examination  showed  an  abundant  deposit 
of  fat  about  the  heart  and  kidneys,  as  well  as  sub- 
cutaneous layers  of  adipose  tissue  in  the  region  of  the 
abdomen  and  back.  The  subcutaneous  abdominal  fat 
proved  to  be  almost  pure  butter,  the  fat  in  the  region 
of  the  back  was  about  one-third  and  the  pericardial 
fat  about  one-sixth  butter  fats;  the  kidneys  and 
mesentery,  however,  did  not  differ  materially  from 
ordinary  dog  fat." 

"In  the  second  experiment  a  somewhat  different 
procedure  was  followed.  As  before,  a  dog  was 
brought  to  constant  weight  and  laparotomy  per- 
formed. It  was  thereby  observed  that  fat  was  not 
present  in  the  subcutaneous  tissue,  and  that  mere 
traces  were  to  be  seen  in  the  mesentery.  The  wound 
was  closed  and  healed  rapidly.  In  the  following  one 
and  one-half  months  a  total  of  1,400  grams  of  fat  was 
injected  under  the  skin  of  the  thigh,  meat  being  fed 


66  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

as  before.  The  body  weight  increased  during  this, 
time  from  3,880  kilos  to  5,360  kilos.  A  second  lapa- 
rotomy was  performed.  The  subcutaneous  abdominal 
tissue,  as  well  as  the  mesentery,  was  now  found  abun- 
dantly supplied  with  fat.  The  wound  was  closed,  and 
the  dog  again  put  on  a  diet  of  lean  meat  alone.  The 
body  weight  slowly  decreased  to  3,850  kilos.  A  post- 
mortem examination  now  disclosed  a  complete  disap- 
pearance of  fat  from  the  tissues."  *  *  *  ''The 
experiments  show  conclusively  that  the  butter  fats  sub- 
cutaneously  injected  were  deposited  in  the  tissues  and 
the  fats  thus  injected  utilized  in  the  body  metabolism. ' ' 

Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil  Meet  All  of  the  Pathological 
Conditions  of  the  Disease  Tuberculosis. 

If,  then,  the  cure  of  tuberculosis  is  entirely  a  mat- 
ter of  nutrition,  as  has  been  proven  by  all  clinical  ex- 
perience and  from  early  observation  to  the  present 
day,  and  since  fats  and  oils  can  be  utilized  by  the  body 
when  subcutaneously  injected  to  produce  force  and 
energy,  and  since  fats  are  used  more  largely  to  repair 
used-up  tissues,  and  acts  when  subcutaneously  in- 
jected similar  to  the  absorbed  fats  from  the  intestine, 
it  is  reasonable  to  expect  a  cure  of  the  disease  tuber- 
culosis by  the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil. 

Upon  the  assimilation  of  oils  by  the  blood  when 
subcutaneously  injected  I  base  this  claim  for  a  cure 
of  tuberculosis.  So  far  I  have  tried  to  show, 
first,  that  the  cure  of  consumption  must  neces- 
sarily depend  upon  a  proper  supply  of  nutriment, 
the  disease  being  primarily  a  disease  of  mal-nutri- 
tion.  Second,  that  consumptives  suffer  so  much  from 
loss  of  appetite,  nausea,  and  non-absorption,  that,  as 
a  rule,  they  are  unable  to  take  sufficient  amounts  of 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  67 

fats  to  overcome  the  disease.  Third,  that  the  blood  cells 
are  capable  of  assimilating  oils  when  subcutaneously 
injected. 

So  much  for  theory  and  experiments.  Clinically, 
consumptive  patients  do  get  well  by  this  method  of 
treatment.  Not  only  do  the  germs  disappear  from 
the  sputum,  but  the  sputum  as  well  disappears,  as  do 
all  of  the  symptoms  of  the  disease,  as  we  shall  see 
further  on  in  the  report  of  cases,  and  that  patients 
gain  in  weight  up  to  one  hundred  pounds. 


CHAPTER  V. 

MAL-:^UTRITION  AS  A  MEANS  FURNISHING  THE  SOIL 

FOR  THE  DISEASE  TUBERCULOSIS— FAT  FOODS 

IN  ITS  PREVENTION  AND  CURE,  AS  POINTED 

OUT  BY  THE  HISTORY  AND  LITERATURE 

OF    TUBERCULOSIS    OF    ALL    CEN- 

TURIES.    INTRODUCTION. 

Tuberculosis  is  and  always  lias  been  a  subject  of 
much  scientific  discussion  because,  as  indicated  by 
ancient  literature,  it  lias  been  the  most  prevalent  dis- 
ease of  mankind,  and  while  the  human  race  has  clam- 
ored loud  and  long  against  it,  it  would  seem  that  little 
effectual  good  has  come  in  the  prevention  of  the  dis- 
ease. "Wliy?  Because  while  the  literature  of  all  cen- 
turies has  indicated  and  pointed  to  the  fact  that  the 
disease  was  one  primarily  of  mal-nutrition,  and  that 
super-abundant  nutrition  has  proved  most  valuable 
in  its  treatment,  these  facts  have  not  been  so  forcibly 
impressed  in  a  practicable  way  as  they  should  be; 
their  principles  of  application  have  not  been  thor- 
oughly understood  or  studied  out.  Tuberculosis  can 
be  prevented  by  building  up  the  defensive  powers  of 
the  system  with  a  proper  diet ;  then  the  germ  can  not 
produce  the  disease.  In  the  "Twentieth  Century 
Practice  of  Medicine,"  a  modern  text-book,  the  state- 
ment is  made  that  the  germ  will  not  grow  in  the 
healthy  individual,  even  though  breathed  into  the 
lungs. 

The  Index  Catalogue  of  the  Library  of  the  Surgeon 

68 


KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  69 

General's  office,  U.  S.  A.,  Vol.  XI,  1890,  under  the 
head  of  "Phthisis,"  contains  seventy-nine  pages,  giv- 
ing the  titles  of  works  upon  this  subject,  among  them 
being  about  one  thousand  five  hundred  and  eighty  ar- 
ticles (estimated)  in  the  English  language,  while  in 
Vol. XIV, of  1893,  under  the  classification  of  "Tubercu- 
losis, "which  is  a  distinct  classification  from  the  former, 
we  find  fifty-five  pages  of  titles,  including  about  one 
thousand  one  hundred  essays  in  the  English  language 
on  tuberculosis.  This  is  the  last  classificaiton  of  the 
Surgeon  General's  catalogue,  but  taking  the  "Index 
Medicus"  from  that  date,  we  find  in  the  English  lan- 
guage, by  actual  count,  during  the  year  1894,  under 
the  classification  of  phthisis,  eighty-eight  essays,  and 
under  tuberculosis  eighty-four.  In  the  year  1895, 
under  phthisis,  twenty-seven;  under  tuberculosis, 
twenty-four;  in  the  year  1896,  under  phthisis,  fifty- 
six;  under  tuberculosis,  ninety-six;  in  1897,  under 
phthisis,  one  hundred  and  thirty-eight ;  under  tubercu- 
losis, one  hundred  and  thirty;  in  1898,  under  phthisis, 
ninety-four;  under  tuberculosis,  one  hundred  and 
forty-one;  in  1899,  under  phthisis,  one  hundred  and 
fifty-eight;  under  tuberculosis,  one  hundred  and 
eighty-seven.  Thus,  up  to  the  year  1900,  there  ap- 
peared in  the  English  language  more  than  three  thou- 
sand nine  hundred  articles  upon  the  subject.  As  the 
* '  Index  Medicus "  is  no  longer  issued,  we  will  turn  to 
the  "Medical  Eeview  of  Reviews,"  and  we  find  there 
up  to  the  year  1906,  about  two  thousand  two  hundred 
leading  articles  indexed  under  the  headings  of  con- 
sumption, phthisis,  and  tuberculosis.  Among  them 
are  at  least  nine  hundred  in  the  English  language. 
Most  of  the  articles  above  referred  to  are  contained 
in  the  Crerar  Library  of  Chicago,  which  is  the  second 


70  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

largest  medical  library  in  the  United  States.  In  my 
endeavors  to  find  all  that  has  been  written  on  the  prac- 
tical treatment  and  cure  of  this  disease,  I  have  during 
the  past  ten  years  read  all  of  the  articles  on  the  sub- 
ject, |)oth  special  books  and  those  found  in  various 
journals.  This  article,  however,  is  not  to  take  up  the 
practical  drug  treatment  of  tuberculosis,  though  it 
would  be  unjust  to  that  vast  army  of  writers  to  say 
that  there  had  not  in  all  these  writings  been  suggested 
many  practical  treatments,  the  knowledge  of  which  in 
the  management  of  this  disease,  will  at  the  proper 
time  often  prove  useful.  But  if  such  treatments  are 
not  given  with  the  judgment  which  comes  from  expe- 
rience in  the  treatment  of  many  tubercular  cases,  such 
drug  treatment  will  often  be  harmful  rather  than  bene- 
ficial, or  without  effect,  owing  to  its  being  improperly 
carried  out,  from  a  lack  of  understanding  of  the  treat- 
ment, or  of  the  disease,  and  of  what  can  and  should  be 
accomplished  under  varying  circumstances.  It  would 
necessarily  be  inferred  that  in  the  taking  of  notes  on 
the  practical  treatment  of  this  disease  from  the  Eng- 
lish literature  of  all  the  centuries,  that  much  practical 
knowledge  should  be  gained,  and  in  another  chapter 
I  shall  try  to  classify  and  arrange  the  practical  drug 
treatment  of  the  disease,  but  here  it  will  be  my  en- 
deavor to  unravel  the  thread  upon  which  the  whole 
woof  and  superstructure  of  the  literature  has  been 
founded;  and  that  is  that  the  disease  from  earliest  an- 
tiquity to  the  present  date  has  always  been  looked  upon 
by  many  as  one  primarily  of  mal-nutrition,  and  that 
super-nutrition  has  formed  the  basis  and  most  impor- 
tant point  in  its  cure,  and  that  nutrition  in  the  form 
of  fats  and  oils. 

As  journal  articles  are  often  special,  to  prove  the 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  71 

point  that  mal-nutrition  is  the  first  and  most  important 
factor,  we  would  gain  much  by  referring  to  such  spe- 
cial articles,  but  that  is  not  the  purpose  of  this  paper, 
and  I  shall  refer  only  to  the  standard  text-books  on 
medicine,  as  these  should  represent  the  opinion  of  the 
majority  of  educators  on  our  subject,  so  that  the  ex- 
tracts which  I  shall  make  from  time  to  time  will  be 
taken  either  from  their  chapters  on  the  subject  or 
special  text-books  on  the  same. 

For  much  of  the  early  medical  writings  I  am  in- 
debted to  the  labors  of  the  Sydenham  Society  of  Lon- 
don, who  have  translated  the  works  of  Hippocrates, 
Aretaeus,  Palus  Ageneta,  and  parts  of  Galen,  Rhases 
and  other  ancient  authorities. 

History  of  Phthisis. 

In  commencing  the  history  of  phthisis,  we  shall 
begin  by  following  the  course  of  events  of  a  subject 
which  is  as  old  as  history  itself.  Even  before  the  dis- 
ease had  a  modern  name  it  was  written  about  as  a 
wasting  disease,  and  all  subjects  of  mal-nutrition  were 
thought  to  be  afflicted  with  this  disease.  As  such,  it 
was  described  by  the  ancient  physicians  of  Egypt, 
Assyria,  then  by  the  writings  of  Moses  in  Leviticus; 
but  we  must  pass  by  what  might  be  said  of  the  manners 
and  customs  of  these  ancient  people,  when  medicine 
formed  part  of  the  priestcraft  of  early  nations;  of 
those  semi-fabulous  ages  in  which  tradition  ran  riot; 
of  what  might  be  said  of  the  early  practice  of  medi- 
cine among  the  Jews;  of  the  writings  which  recent 
discoveries  show  that  Hippocrates,  400  B.  C,  learned 
much  of  medicine  from  his  predecessors. 

Hippocrates,  who  was  skilled  in  all  the  arts  and 
sciences  of  his  day,  and  from  whose  time  medicine 


72  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

assumed  the  rank  of  science,  must  have  been  well 
grounded  in  the  learning  of  medicine  from  his  accu- 
rate description  of  this  and  other  diseases.  The  Hip- 
pocratic  face,  or  countenance  of  the  tuberculous,  from 
Hippofrates's  description,  has  followed  largely  through 
the  literature  on  the  subject  in  the  description  of  the 
symptomatology  of  the  disease,  and  is  the  face  and 
sjTuptoms  of  those  who  do  not  live  upon  a  proper  diet. 
Indeed,  I  observe  this  form  of  countenance  among 
those  who  do  not  eat  a  sufficiency  of  fats.  You  will  find 
it  an  accurate  guide.  "A  sharp  nose,  hollow  eyes, 
temples  depressed,  the  ears  cold  and  contracted,  the 
skin  above  forehead  hard,  stretched  and  dry,  all  the 
face  of  a  greenish  color  or  black  or  livid,  are  mortal 
signs."  Hippocrates  also  mentions  cases  of  consump- 
tion which  he  believes  to  be  due  to  lack  of  diet  and  a 
hard  life.  It  is  interesting  to  note  that  the  disease 
was  described  more  particularly  as  one  characterized 
by  gradual  loss  of  weight,  and  those  most  frequently 
subject  to  this  disease,  being  the  smooth,  the  whitish, 
the  blue-eyed,  the  red-haired;  those  with  the  scapulae 
having  the  appearance  of  wings,  etc.  Pus  formed  and 
was  expelled  by  coughing.  This  pus,  it  was  thought, 
came  indirectly  from  the  brain,  mucus  distilling  or 
falling  from  the  palate  and  pharynx  into  the  lungs, 
there  producing  suppuration  and  ulcers.  Hippocra- 
tes believed  the  disease  often  followed  and  led  to  sup- 
puration of  the  lungs. 

It  is  thus  easy  for  one  to  read  between  the  lines 
that  all  these  symptoms  are  those  of  mal-nutrition 
and  the  primary  cause  which  has  led  to  lowered 
vitality  and  in-nutrition  of  tissues.  We  shall  now 
follow  this  thread,  pausing  only  occasionally  to  note 
some  distinct  advance. 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  73 

Celsus,  50  A.  D.,  described  three  forms  of  the  dis- 
ease. The  first  due  to  lack  of  nutrition;  the  second 
cause,  which  is  only  a  modification  of  the  first,  to  the 
eifects  of  chronic  disease,  poverty,  injurious  medi- 
cines. 

Aretaeus,  50  A.  D.,  mentioned  many  of  the  promi- 
nent characteristics  of  mal-nutrition.  Among  these 
we  may  mention:  ''The  habits  most  prone  to  the  dis- 
ease are  the  slender,  those  in  which  the  scapulae  pro- 
trude like  folding  doors,  or  like  wings,  and  those  who 
are  pale  and  have  narrow  chests."  His  treatment 
was  mainly  dietetic.  He  recommended  sea  voyages 
as  benefiting  digestion.  He  says :  "After  the  eating, 
having  rested,  the  patient  is  now  to  be  anointed  with 
fat  oil." 

The  prevalence  of  the  disease  and  its  association 
with  thin  and  under-nourished  tissues  is  shown  by  the 
author  of  this  extract.  For  if  one  of  the  common  peo- 
ple see  a  man  pale,  weak,  affected  with  a  cough  and 
emaciated,  he  truly  augurs  that  it  is  consumption. 

Galen,  140  A.  D.,  recommends  his  patients  to  dry 
climates,  Vesuvius  being  a  favored  locality,  both  for 
its  sea  air  and  sulphur.  Galen  describes  the  phleg- 
matic temperament  as  being  attended  with  a  soft  and 
slightly  tremid  skin.  He  attributes  the  disease  in 
their  case  to  a  cococh}Tny,  that  is  to  say,  to  cachexia. 

Pliny  speaks  of  navigation  as  beneficial  to  diges- 
tion and  a  popular  remedy  for  phthisis. 

Avicennas'  treatment  was  directed  at  nutrition, 
and  consisted  in  giving  large  quantities  of  asses'  and 
goats'  milk,  and  in  general  was  like  that  of  Aretseus. 

Haly  Abbas  prescribed  the  milk  of  asses  in  the 
morning  and  at  night  the  syruj^  of  poppies.  He  also 
praised  goats'  milk. 


74  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

Alsaparavius  approved  in  general  of  a  milk  diet. 

Rhases,  the  Arabian,  described  several  varieties 
of  consumption,  and  in  his  treatment  strongly  recom- 
mended the  milk  of  asses. 

It, will  be  seen  that  these  ancient  authorities  gave 
their  attention  principally  to  building  up  nutrition  by 
the  use  of  milk,  the  most  nutritious  part  of  which  is 
the  cream  and  sugar. 

The  writings  on  consumption  were  nearly  aban- 
doned by  men  of  note,  for  the  medical  historian  finds 
little  and  nothing  new  concerning  the  disease  for  a 
period  of  fourteen  hundred  years,  all  accepting  the 
assertions  of  their  eminent  predecessors,  even  though 
the  disease  remained  incurable. 

Early  in  the  seventeenth  century,  interest  was 
again  awakened  in  the  subject  through  the  study  of 
anatomy  and  observations  commenced  as  to  the  correct 
pathology  of  the  disease.  It  would  be  interesting  to 
note  the  steps  of  many  who  gained  eminence  by  their 
devotion  to  the  study  of  the  patholog}^  of  this  disease, 
and  to  observe  the  hindrances  placed  in  the  way  of 
advancement  by  men  who  would  hear  of  nothing  but 
their  old  teachings.  Hard  it  is  for  unthinking  man  to 
change  who  has  accepted  unfounded  teachings  as 
truths,  but  the  rising  sun  could  not  be  thrust  back 
with  the  gates  of  the  morning,  though  the  accurate 
description  of  tuberculosis  was  nearly  one  hundred 
years  in  advance  of  its  recognition  and  acceptance; 
even  then  the  eighteenth  century  closed  with  ignorance 
and  bigotry,  for  the  vast  majority  still  clung  to  the 
ancient  views  of  the  Grecian  fathers.  The  principal 
literature  of  this  period  was  devoted  to  the  study  of 
the  tubercle,  which,  more  modernly,  has  led  to  the 
studv  of  the  bacilli,  and  while  this  study  is  valuable 


KEYES:     THE  KENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  75 

and  interesting,  we  must  again  take  up  the  thread  of 
mal-nutrition  and  unravel  it  from  the  various  early 
text-books. 

In  1809,  "The  Physician's  Vade  Mecum,"  by  Rob- 
ert Hooper,  gives  much  attention  to  the  Hippocratic 
countenance  and  habit  which  we  have  before  described. 

B.  Eush,  1818,  "Medical  Inquiries  and  Observa- 
tions, ' '  says :  "I  shall  begin  by  remarking^  that 
the  pulmonary  consumption  is  induced  by  predisposing 
debility." 

Wm.  Cullen,  M.  D.,  1822,  "First  Lines  of  the  Prac- 
tice of  Physics,"  says,  page  499:  "There  must  be 
perseverance  in  such  measures  as  are  calculated  to 
give  strength  and  tone  to  the  system." 

George  Gregory,  M.  D.,  1829,  "Gregory's  Prac- 
tice," page  424,  says:  "It  occurs,  for  the  most  part, 
in  that  peculiar  habit  of  body  (the  scrofulous)  which 
is  characterized  by  a  delicate  organization  of  blood 
vessels."  Page  434:  "The  diet  of  a  person  who  has 
shown  a  disposition  to  phthisis  should  be  nourishing. ' ' 

J.  Coster,  1831,  "Physiological  Practice"  (trans- 
lated from  the  French),  page  131,  says:  "But  expe- 
rience has  demonstrated  that  the  predisposition,  the 
peculiar  irritability  of  which  we  speak,  is  most  fre- 
quently found  among  individuals  who  have  the  con- 
stitution which  has  been  named  phthisical,  the  char- 
acteristics of  which  are  the  following:  Narrow  chest, 
long  and  small  neck,  slender  limbs,  a  tall,  thin  stature, 
delicate  skin,  circumscribed  redness  of  the  cheeks, 
the  lymphatico-sanguine  temperament." 

John  Armstrong,  M.  D.,  1837,  "Armstrong's  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine,"  in  his  discourse  on  consumption, 
says  that  "tubercles  are  found  in  the  lungs  of  the 
lowest  classes,  because  the  diet  is  too  spare,  because 
they  breathe  bad  air,  and  because  the  clothing  is  de- 


76  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

ficient;  in  the  higher  ranks  because  the  diet  is  com- 
plicated, because  the  clothing  is  deficient,  and  because 
the  habits,  even  of  the  children  of  this  class,  are  dis- 
sipated. ' ' 

Rqbby  Dunglison,  1842,  "The.  Practice  of  Medi- 
cine," among  the  causes  of  tuberculosis,  says:  "Faulty 
alimentation  is,  doubtless,  also  one  of  the  important 
extrinsic  causes  of  phthisis,  and  of  the  tuberculous 
condition.  Exclusive  vegetable  diet,  or  a  defective 
supply  of  animal  food,  has  been  regarded  specially 
obnoxious,  but  much  depends  upon  habit. ' ' 

Wm  A.  McDowell,  M.  D.,  1843,  "A  Demonstration 
of  the  Curability  of  Pulmonary  Consumption  in  All 
Its  Stages,"  says,  page  77,  as  to  causes:  "All  such 
matters  and  things,  then,  as  tend  to  interrupt  nutrition, 
or  to  obstruct  excretion,  are  exciting  causes  to  a  degen- 
erate condition  of  the  blood,  which  is  the  proximate 
cause  of  tuberculous  disorders." 

John  Elliotson,  M.  D.,  1844,  "The  Principles  and 
Practice  of  Medicine,"  page  798,  regarding  causes  of 
consumption,  says:  "There  can  be  no  question  but 
that  it  is  greatly  predisposed  to  by  bad  food."  He 
gives  the  Hippocratic  description  of  mal-nutrition 
above  described. 

J  C.  Massie,  M.  D.,  1854,  "Southern  Practice  of 
Medicine,"  has  little  to  say  about  consumption,  and 
nothing  as  to  its  cause.  He  recommends  and  says: 
"Cod  liver  oil  and  gentian  are  highly  extolled  by  the 
Engiisli  physicians^  and  I  think  deservedly  " 

George  B.  Wood,  M.  D.,  1858,  "A  Treatise  on  the 
Practice  of  Medicine,"  Vol.  II,  page  87,  says:  "Na- 
ture and  causes.  Phthisis  does  not  consist  merely  in 
the  deposition  of  tubercles  in  the  lungs,  and  its  con- 
sequences.    There  is,  besides,  a  morbid  state  of  sys- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  77 

tern  which  precedes  and  attends  the  deposition  and 
upon   which   it  probably  depends." 

Thomas  Watson,  M.  D.,  1858,  ''Lectures  on  the 
Principles  and  Practice  of  Physic, ' '  page  158,  says : 
"I  have  lately  met  with  the  following  curious  state- 
ment bearing  upon  this  question  as  it  regards  the 
human  animal :  According  to  the  very  trustworthy 
report  of  Dr.  Schleusner,  who  was  sent  by  the  Danish 
government  a  few  days  since  to  investigate  the  sani- 
tary condition  of  Iceland,  no  combination  of  what  are 
commonly  accounted  the  predisposing  causes  of  con- 
sumption and  scrofula  could  be  more  complete  than 
that  which  exists  among  the  mass  of  the  Icelandic 
peasantry.  Wliole  families  are  huddled  up  with  their 
sheep,  not  only  during  the  night,  but  during  the  greater 
part  of  the  day,  for  half  the  year,  in  most  miserable 
hovels,  destitute  of  any  ventilation  but  that  afforded 
by  the  chimney.  Their  clothing  is  not  once  removed 
or  changed  during  the  whole  of  that  time;  their  food 
is  scanty  and  the  external  atmosphere  is  both  cold  and 
damp.  The  unhealthy  condition  of  the  population  is 
evidenced  by  its  extraordinary  liability  to  epidemic 
disorders,  and  by  its  want  of  increase,  or  even  in  some 
districts,  by  its  absolute  diminution.  And  yet,  among 
this  remarkable  people,  the  most  uneducated  peas- 
antry in  Europe,  so  far  as  regards  what  is  commonly 
accounted  education,  scrofula  and  consumption  are 
unknown.  The  writer  (in  the  Westminster  Review) 
ascribes  this  immunity  to  the  highly  oleaginous  na- 
ture of  their  diet,  which  consists  in  great  part  of  the 
oily  bodies  of  piscivorous  birds." 

Wm.  Aitkin,  M.  D.,  1863,  ''The  Science  and  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine,"  page  380,  Vol.  II,  says:  "For 
there  can  be  no  doubt  that  in  the  tubercular  or  wast- 


78  KEYES:     THE  KENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

ing  disease,  as  well  as  in  those  of  the  diathetic  order, 
there  is  a  latent  condition  existing  before  the  tubercles 
are  apparent.  The  relation  of  the  nutritive  and  other 
morphological  changes  between  the  solids  and  the 
fluids  of  the  body  has  everything  to  do  with  the  de- 
velopment of  the  tuberculous  state. ' '  Page  425,  ' '  The 
indications  of  general  treatment  are  therefore,  first, 
to  improve  nutrition,  which  is  the  cause  of  the  tuber- 
culosis cachexia,  and  of  the  exudations  assuming  the 
character  of  tubercle." 

"To  fulfill  the  first  of  the  indications  it  is  of  all 
things  important  that  fatty  matter  be  assimilated  in 
large  quantities,  and  it  appears  that  such  are  most 
readily  absorbed  and  assimilated  when  in  the  fluid  con- 
dition." Page  428,  "Besides  cod  liver  oil,  other  fats 
and  oils,  where  they  can  be  taken  and  assimilated,  are 
sure  to  be  followed  with  benefit." 

John  Mason  Good,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  1864,  "The  Study 
of  Medicine,"  page  31,  Vol.  II,  says:  "Dr.  Wilson 
Philip  has  formed  another  variety  of  consumption  to 
which  he  has  given  the  name  of  dyspeptic  phthisis, 
and  which  he  supposes  tp  be  produced  by  a  previously 
diseased  state  of  the  digestive  organs,  in  which  the 
lungs  ultimately  participate."  "In  by  far  the  ma- 
jority of  cases  in  which  both  the  lungs  and  the  diges- 
tive organs  are  affected,  the  affection  of  the  digestive 
organs  precede  that  of  the  lungs." 

Virchow,  in  1864-65,  the  eminent  pathologist,  in 
Ms  lectures  at  the  Berlin  Institute  of  Pathology,  be- 
lieved that  two  factors  were  to  be  borne  in  mind  in  re- 
gard to  the  prevention  and  the  cure  of  the  disease, 
viz.,  the  avoidance  of  the  predisposition  and  of  all  ir- 
ritation. These  points,  he  said,  "Were  to  be  secured 
first  by  improvement  of  nutrition,  by  cod  liver  oil, 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  79 

sojourn  in  the  open  air,  moderate  exercise,  care  of  the 
skin,"  etc. 

Thomas  King  Chambers,  M.  D.,  1865,  "The  Re- 
newal of  Life,"  says:  "The  tendency  of  the  forma- 
tion of  tubercle  resides  in  the  constitution  of  the  in- 
dividual. That  this  tendency  may  be  either  hereditary 
or  acquired  at  once.  That  the  circumstances  which 
quickest  develop  this  tendency  are  the  same  as  con- 
tribute to  anemia,  want  of  supplies  for  the  formation 
of  tissue,  namely:  Starvation,  bad  air,  deprivation 
of  light,  exposure  to  cold  without  power  of  resistance, 
fatigue,  previous  illness;  in  short,  all  depressants  of 
the  powers  of  life."  After  citing  a  number  of  cases 
cured,  he  says,  where  there  is  a  lack  of  appetite  it  will 
return  by  frequent  feedings,  he  continues,  "Leave  the 
respiratory  organs  alone,  and  direct  your  thoughts  to 
the  organs  of  nutrition,  the  stomach  and  bowels,  which 
will  receive  with  thankfulness  and  return  with  interest 
any  care  which  you  may  bestow  upon  them.  It  is  truly 
by  the  aid  of  the  digestive  viscera  alone  that  consump- 
tion can  be  curable.  Medicine  addressed  to  other  parts 
may  be  indirectly  useful  sometimes,  but  they  com- 
monly impede  the  recovery,  whereas  aid  judiciously 
given  in  this  quarter  is  always  beneficial  and  usually 
successful.  The  chest  is  the  battlefield  of  past  conflict, 
the  stomach  the  ripening  ground  for  new  levies  of 
life. ' '  He  recommends  cod  liver  oil,  and  it  will  be  seen 
that  all  his  efforts  were  directed  at  building  up  nutri- 
tion. 

Chas.  J.  Hempel,  M.  D.,  1865,  "Homeopathic  Theory 
and  Practice,"  page  794,  "An  excellent  remedy,  or 
rather  palliative,  in  pulmonary  consumption  is  cod 
liver  oil." 

Thomas  Hawkes  Tanner,  M.  D.,  F.  L.  S.,  1866,  "The 


80  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

Practice  of  Medicine,"  page  108.  ''Tubercular  dis- 
eases are  not  only  preceded  but  are  frequently  accom- 
panied by  a  disordered  state. of  the  primse  viae,  such 
as  biliousness,  acid  eructations,  flatulence,  a  general 
bad  appetite,  conditions  which  are  so  constant  that 
some  authors  speak  of  them  as  strumous  dyspepsia." 
Page  370,  Treatment :  ' '  A¥hen  the  disease  is  present, 
when  tubercles  have  become  developed  in  the  lungs, 
we  must  endeavor  to  improve  the  general  nutrition," 
He  recommends  cod  liver  oil  by  mouth,  rectum,  and 
by  inunction;  also  other  oils  and  fats  in  general. 

Dr.  Herman  Eichhorst,  1866,  "Hand  Book  of  Prac- 
tical Medicine,"  Vol.  IV,  page  266:  "In  factory  towns 
and  cities,  where  the  proletariat  supports  on  scanty 
food  its  overtaxed  life  in  damp,  dark,  crowded  cellars, 
it  is  commonest.  Scarcely  any  disease  is  so  much  af- 
fected by  the  influence  of  constitution."  He  recom- 
mends cod  liver  oil. 

Archibald  Billing,  M.  D.,  1868,  "First  Principles  of 
Medicine,"  did  not  believe  in  the  cure  of  phthisis, 
though  he  thought  there  were  many  palliatives,  and 
believed  the  system  expelled  their  tubercles  by  their 
softening  into  a  creamy-like  condition,  and  in  excep- 
tional cases,  if  the  system  were  strong,  the  patient 
recovered.  On  page  642  he  mentions  a  case  of  pleuro- 
peripneumony ;  the  general  symptoms  were  cough, 
muco-purulent  expectoration,  hectic  fever,  and  emacia- 
tion. "Abundant  nourishment  cured  the  patient  in  a 
few  months." 

Bernhard  Baehr,  M.  D.,  1869,  "The  Science  of 
Therapeutics. ' '  According  to  the  principles  of  home- 
opathy,  page  658,  Vol.  II:  "The  formation  of  these 
deposits  or  tubercles  depends  in  most  cases  upon  pe- 
culiar conditions  of  the  organism  with  which  we  are 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  81 

almost  unacquainted;  it  is  very  questionable  whether 
tubercles  can  ever  be  formed  without  some  constitu- 
tional anomaly.  In  almost  every  case  tuberculosis  can 
be  demonstrated  as  developing  itself  under  the  follow- 
ing circumstances :  It  may  result  from  a  deficient  suj")- 
ply  or  the  bad  quality  of  the  food  in  the  same  manner 
as  has  been  indicated  for  scrofulosis." 

Dr.  Felix  von  Meineyer,  1872,  ''A  Text-Book  of 
Practical  Medicine."  ''That  feeble  and  ill-nourished 
persons  should  be  in  far  greater  danger  of  becoming 
consumptive  than  vigorous,  well-nourished  ones,  will 
not  appear  extraordinary  from  this  point  of  view." 
Daily  experience  teaches  us  that  a  bad  state  of  nutri- 
tion is  usually  accompanied  by  a  feeble  power  of 
endurance  of  noxious  influences.  "But  delicacy  and 
liability  to  pneumonic  and  other  inflammatory  disor- 
ders are  not  the  only  distinctive  marks  between  feeble, 
ill-nourished  subjects  and  those  who  are  well-nour- 
ished and  strong.  All  the  inflammatory  derangements 
of  nutrition  occurring  in  the  former  class  give  rise  to 
a  very  profuse  formation  of  young,  indeterminate  and 
perishable  cells.  It  is  said  of  such  persons,  that  their 
flesh  does  not  heal ;  that  is,  that  a  trifling  wound  is  to 
be  followed  by  severe  irritation,  and  copious  suppura- 
tion of  the  wounded  part.  This  peculiarity  is  partly 
attributable  to  an  increased  irritability  which  accom- 
panies constitutional  weakness,  and  partially  to  the 
fact  that  badly-nourished  or  ill-developed  organs  when 
inflamed  are  more  prone  to  the  formation  of  cells  of 
a  decrepit  and  perishable  nature,  than  to  the  forma- 
tion of  such  as  are  capable  of  development  into  new 
tissues."  "Among  the  influences  by  which  liability  to 
consumption  is  acquired,  or  by  which  a  congenital 
predisposition  to  it  is  aggravated,  that  of  an  insuffi- 


82  KEYES :    THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

cient  or  improper  diet  stands  first.  Feeding  a  snckling 
babe  .with  bread,  pap,  etc.,  instead  of  mother's  milk 
may  sow  the  seeds  of  the  malady.  An  erroneous 
regime  is  often  kept  up  throughout  the  entire  period 
of  childhood.  The  child  is  ill-fed  {verfuttert,  as  the 
laity  say,)  and  consequently  acquires  a  feebleness  and 
susceptibility  to  disease  identical  with  a  scrofulous 
predisposition.  The  comparatively  greater  prevalence 
of  consumption  among  the  poor  than  among  the  more 
well-to-do  classes  is  in  a  great  measure  dependent 
upon  the  wretched  diet  of  the  former,  which  consists 
chiefly  of  vegetables."  He  recommends  cod  liver  oil. 
Ziemssen,  1875,  "Cyclopaedia  of  the  Practice  of 
Medicine,"  Vol.  XX,  page  488:  "Bad  air  and  im- 
proper food  generally  go  together  and  are  the  com- 
mon causes  of  the  high  percentage  of  mortality  of  con- 
sumptives among  the  poorer  classes  in  large  cities." 
Page  492:  "Food  of  poor  quality  promotes  the  oc- 
currence of  phthisis,  not  only  by  inducing  inanition, 
etc."  "The  poorness  in  quality  of  the  food  exerts 
especially  an  indirect  influence  upon  the  production  of 
consumption."  Page  609:  "When  fat  is  used  in  an 
easily  digested  form,  such  as  cod  liver  oil,  good  but- 
ter, or  milk  fresh  from  the  cow,  its  presence  in  the 
affected  blood  vessels  and  lymphatics,  whose  endothe- 
lium forms  the  standing  point  for  the  microscopic 
miliary  tubercle,  may  so  improve  the  nutrition  of  these 
parts  as  in  various  ways  to  limit  the  formation  process 
of  the  tuberculous  inflammation." 

Frederick  T.  Eoberts,  M.  D.,  B.  Sc,  M.  E.  C.  P., 
1876,  "The  Theory  and  Practice  of  Medicine,"  page 
428:  "The  mal-nutrition  resulting  from  an  imperfect 
supply  of  nutriment  to  the  system  from  any  cause 
has  a  powerful  influence  in  developing  phthisis,  es- 


KEYES:    THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  83 

pecially  in  the  young.  This  may  be  associated  with 
an  insufficient  amount  or  improper  quality  of  food,  or 
with  want  of  power  of  assimilation  on  account  of 
dyspepsia  and  various  diseases  interfering  with  di- 
gestion. Some  observers  have  laid  great  stress  on  a 
deficiency  of  fat  in  the  system  as  a  cause  of  phthisis, 
either  from  its  not  being  supplied,  or  because  it  can 
not  be  digested." 

J.  Milner  Fothergill,  M.  D.,  1877,  *' Handbook  of 
Treatment,"  page  185,  says:  "Now  we  know  that 
recovery  from  conditions  either  actually  tuberculous, 
or  tending  to  tubercle,  is  very  common.  In  nearly 
half  of  all  cadavers  we  find  traces  of  the  nutritive  dis- 
orders from  which  pulmonary  conditions  proceed." 
He  quotes  Meineyer,  page  188:  "Especially  then  will 
tubercle  manifest  in  those  who,  naturally  delicate  and 
predisposed  to  tubercle,  reject  all  fat.  It  is  well  known 
that  fat  is  wanting  in  tuberculous  tissue ;  that,  in  other 
words,  the  absence  of  fat  is  a  great  cause  of  tubercu- 
lous degeneration  in  inflammatory  products.  Conse- 
quently, a  rapid  cell  formation  in  such  individuals  is 
commonly  followed  by  tubercular  degeneration. 
Such  is  the  actual  history  of  much  of  the  tubercular 
consumption  we  see  around  us.  Dampness  of  subsoil 
may  exert  much  influence,  but  the  unwise  yet  prevalent 
custom  of  permitting  children  to  leave  all  the  fat  of 
their  meat  on  their  plates  untouched  is  a  much  more 
powerful  factor.  It  is  just  those  slight  fragile  forms 
to  whose  system  fat  is  so  absolutely  necessary  for 
healthy  tissue  building,  that  reject  fat  most  persist- 
ently; and  where  the  parents  should  most  steadfastly 
insist  upon  their  taking  fat  in  some  form  or  other. 
When  once  they  can  be  induced  to  take  fat,  the  dislike 
to  it  vanishes,  and  not  rarely  becomes  transformed 


84  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

into  a  positive  craving  for  fat,  in  which  case  a  cure,  or 
its  equivalent,  is  not  rarely  achieved.  Such  is  one  of 
the  greatest  of  our  curative  agents;  it  is  equally 
potent  as  a  preventive  measure." 

M.  ^harteris,  M.  D.,  1878,  ''Handbook  of  the  Prac- 
tice of  Medicine,"  page  136:  "Phthisis  (pulmonary 
consumption) — The  general  symptoms  are  first  dys- 
peptic— want  of  appetite,  a  faulty  digestion,  a  marked 
aversion  to  all  forms  of  fatty  foods." 

J.  Hilgard  Tyndale,  M.  D.,  1878,  "The  Present 
Status  of  the  Pathology  of  Consumption  and  Tuber- 
culosis," page  1:  "Consumption  decline  must  needs 
exist  where  there  is  either  too  great  a  waste  or  a  lack 
of  supply." 

John  Huges  Bennett,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.  E.,  in  "Rey- 
nolds' System  of  Medicine,"  1880,  page  119,  Vol.  II: 
"In  the  higher  classes  two  causes  more  especially  are 
found,  viz.,  an  hereditary  taint,  and  improper  nutri- 
tion. On  looking  at  the  whole  train  of  causation,  it 
seems  to  me  certain  that  they  may  all  converge  in 
mal-assimilation  or  deficiency  of  food.  As  far  as  the 
strength  of  the  economy  and  constitution,  it  matters 
little  whether  deficient  vitality  be  caused  by  the  food's 
being  deficient,  or  if  abundant,  its  not  being  digested ; ' ' 
page  121,  "And  here  we  must  remember  that  all  food 
essentially  consists  of  albuminous,  fatty,  and  mineral 
constituents,  which  are  reduced  in  the  alimentary 
canal  to  a  fluid  condition  by  the  mechanical  triturating 
action  of  the  teeth,  jaws  and  stomach,  as  well  as  by  the 
chemical  solvent  action  of  alkaline  and  acid  juices.  An 
observation  of  the  peculiar  dyspepsia,  which  so  fre- 
quently accompanies  tubercular  disease,  will  satisfy 
the  observer  that  it  depends  upon  excess  of  acidity 
in  the  alimentary  canal,  which  favors  the  solution  of 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  85 

the  albuminous  and  mineral  matters,  but  is  opposed  to 
the  emulsionizing  of  fat. "  ' '  In  youth  the  indisposition 
to  eat  fatty  substances  is  well  marked,  and  among 
the  ill-fed  poor  it  is  fat  which  is  the  most  costly  in- 
gredient of  food.  In  either  case  it  is  the  non-assimila- 
tion of  the  fatty  elements  of  food  and  their  diminution 
in  the  blood,  while  the  albuminous  elements  are  com- 
paratively in  excess,  that  gradually  interferes  with 
nutrition;  the  molecular  basis  of  the  chyle  is  impover- 
ished, the  elementary  molecules  so  necessary  for  the 
formation  of  healthy  blood  corpuscles,  are  diminished, 
the  liquor  sanguinis,  consequently,  is  poor  in  fat,  but 
rich  in  albumen ;  the  entire  growth  of  the  constitution, 
as  a  result,  is  affected,  and  its  powers  rendered  weak; 
lastly,  when  exudations  do  occur,  more  especially  in 
the  lung,  they  are  of  an  albuminous  character,  exhibit 
slight  power  of  transformation  into  cells,  and  only 
produce  that  slow  abortive  nuclear  material  which  is 
called  tubercle.  Such  is  the  theory  of  phthisis  we  con- 
sider most  consistent  with  all  recognized  facts  con- 
nected with  the  origin  and  progress  of  the  disease,  the 
correctness  of  which  is  still  further  supported  by  what 
is  now  known,  first,  of  the  chemical  constitution  of  the 
food,  and  the  transformations  it  undergoes  in 
the  body;  second,  of  the  relations  which  exist 
between  digestion  and  the  working  powers  of  the 
individual,  and,  third,  as  we  shall  subsequently  see,  by 
what  experience  has  taught  us  of  its  successful  treat- 
ment." Treatment,  page  133:  ''All  good  food  must 
consist  of  a  proper  mixture  of  albuminous  fatty  and 
mineral  principles."  "The  two  former  holding  the 
third  in  solution,  after  being  prepared  by  the  digestive 
fluids,  the  chyle,  out  of  which  the  blood  is  formed.  In 
phthisis,  however,  the  process  of  chylification  is  im- 


86  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

paired ;  the  fatty  constituents  of  the  food  are  not  sepa- 
rated from  it,  and  assimilated,  or  they  are  deficient, 
as  very  commonly  results  from  a  dislike  to  fatty  sub- 
stances. In  either  case  the  blood  abounds  in  the  al- 
buminoHis  elements."  "To  induce  health,  it  is  neces- 
sary to  restore  the  nutritive  elements  which  are 
diminished,  and  this  is  done  directly  by  adding  a  pure 
animal  oil  to  the  food.  By  so  doing  we  restore  the  bal- 
ance of  nutrition,  which  has  been  disturbed;  respira- 
tion is  again  active  in  excreting  more  carbonic  acid 
gas ;  the  tissues  once  more  attract  from  the  blood  the 
elementary  molecules  so  necessary  for  their  mainten- 
ance; the  entire  economy  is  renovated,  so  that,  while 
the  histogenetic  processes  are  revived,  the  histolytic 
changes  in  the  tubercle  itself  are  also  stimulated,  and 
the  whole  disappears.  We  have  previously  seen  that 
food  rich  in  fat  will  occasionally  produce  these  effects, 
but  then  the  powers  of  the  stomach  and  alimentary 
canal  must  not  have  undergone  any  great  diminution. 
In  most  cases,  however,  the  patient  is  unable  to  tol- 
erate such  kind  of  food,  which  is  not  digested. ' '  Under 
these- circumstances,  he  recommends  cod  liver  oil,  and 
further  says,  ''By  giving  it  we  save  the  digestive  ap- 
paratus, as  it  were,  the  trouble  of  separating  fluid  fats 
from  the  food.  By  giving  the  oil  directly,  a  large  pro- 
portion of  it  enters  the  system,  unites  with  albumin, 
and  thereby  forms  the  molecular  basis  so  essential  for 
the  chyle.  Since  the  days  of  Liebig,  chemists  have 
generally  supposed  that  albumen  forms  the  basis  of 
the  tissues,  and  is  a  flesh  former,  while  fat  is  necessary 
for  respiration,  and  by  its  decomposition  furnishes 
heat.  An  unacquaintance  with  histology  is  the  cause 
of  this  error,  fat  being  demonstrably  necessary  for  the 
development  and  support  of  muscle  and  of  every  tis- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEAVAL  OF  LIFE.  87 

sue."  ''Hence,  the  universal  craving  and  necessity. 
for  fat  by  the  vigorous  and  working  man,  whilst  a  dis- 
like to  it  is  a  strong  symptom  of  inherent  weakness, 
and  an  incajDability  of  assimilating  it  the  chief  cause 
of  tubercular  disease." 

Henry  Hartshorne,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  1881,  "Essentials 
of  Practical  Medicine, ' '  page  34 :  "  Tuberculosis  may 
be  pathologically  defined  as  a  constitutional  tendency 
to  the  formation  of  blood,  the  plasma  of  which  is  de- 
fective in  organizable  capacity;  so  that  in  nutrition, 
instead  of  healthy  tissue,  it  forms  in  one,  or  very  often 
many  of  the  organs,  aborted  blastema."  Page  233: 
"There  has  been  discovered,  as  yet,  no  specific  to 
arrest  tuberculosis.  But  cod  liver  oil  and  alcohol, 
and  in  lesser  potency,  iron,  c[uinine,  and  other  tonics, 
in  a  certain  number  of  cases,  do  manifest  an  important 
conservative  and  restorative  influence  and  palliation 
of  symptoms."  "My  confidence  in  the  frequent  value 
of  cod  liver  oil  is  based  chiefly  upon  observation. 
Three  individuals  in  one  family,  for  example,  under 
my  care,  notwithstanding  a  well-marked  family  tend- 
ency (shown  by  the  previous  death  by  phthisis  of  three 
sisters,  their  mother  and  uncle),  recovered  from  in- 
cipient consumption  under  the  use  of  the  oil.  Other 
cases,  much  more  commonly,  have  life  prolonged  by 
it.  Unfortunately,  however,  in  quite  a  considerable 
number  of  persons,  the  stomach  turns  against  cod 
liver  oil." 

Alonzo  Palmer,  M.  D.,  1882,  "The  Science  and 
Practice  of  Medicine, ' '  Vol.  II,  page  285 :  ' '  The  causes 
of  consumption  may  be  divided  into  those  which  act 
locally  upon  the  lungs,  and  those  which  act  generally 
upon  the  system  at  large."  Page  290:  "Diseases  of 
the  stomach  and  bowels,  leading  to  imperfect  nutrition 


88  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

and  general  depression,  are  not  unfreqnent  causes." 
Page  322 :  ' '  The  leading  indications  for  the  treatment 
of  the  disease  when  actually  present,  are,  first,  to  im- 
prove faulty  nutrition,  considering  this  in  its  largest 
sense,  jncluding  digestion,  excretion,  elimination,  and 
purification,  as  well  as  building  up  the  tissues.  Faulty 
nutrition  is  at  the  foundation  of  the  tuberculous 
cachexia."  He  recommends  cod  liver  oil.  Among 
other  things,  page  326,  says:  "It  not  only,  when 
useful,  contributes  to  the  production  of  fat,  but  it 
modifies  morbid  states,  and  contributes  to  the  produc- 
tion of  healthy  nutrition.  Under  its  use  the  physical 
signs  sometimes  improve,  the  progress  of  the  disease 
is  very  often  retarded,  and  the  symptoms  certainly 
very  often  improve. ' '  Says  Dr.  Williams,  of  cod  liver 
oil :  "  This  article,  when  taken  into  the  system  in  suf- 
ficient quantities  and  for  a  sufficient  time,  acts  as  a 
nutrient,  not  only  adding  fat  to  the  body,  but  also 
promoting  the  healthy  growth  of  the  protoplasm  and 
of  the  tissue  cells,  and  in  some  way  as  an  alterative 
counteracts  the  morbid  tendency  to  the  proliferation 
of  the  decaying  cells  of  pus,  tubercle,  and  kindred 
plastic  matters." 

.  I.  J.  M.  Goss,  A.  M.,  M.  D.,  ''Practice  of  Medicine," 
page  132 :  ' '  An  hereditary  tendency  or  predisposition 
to  this  disease  exists  in  many  constitutions,  but  it  is 
Xjossible  that  an  acquired  debility  of  the  system  (which 
may  be  developed  by  various  causes)  may  at  times 
give  rise  to  it."  Page  134:  "Cod  liver  oil  has  long 
been  used,  rather  routinely,  as  a  kind  of  specific." 

Roberts  Bartholow,  M.  A.,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  "Prac- 
tice of  Medicine,"  page  428:  "As  phthisis  is  pre- 
eminently a  wasting  disease,  it  is  highly  important  to 
put  the  organs  concerned  in  nutrition  into  the  highest 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  39 

state  of  efficiency.  In  tubercular  and  fibroid  phthisis, 
among  the  earliest  symptoms  are  stomach  disorders, 
poor  appetite,  especially  repugance  to  the  fatty  ele- 
ments of  food. ' '  Page  429 :  ' '  The  utility  of  cod  liver 
oil  in  incipient  phthisis  is  very  great." 

Angel  Money,  M.  D.,  London,  ''Practice  of  Medi- 
cine," page  142:  Treatment:  "As  much  fat  as  pos- 
sible should  be  taken  by  the  patient.  Malt  and  cod 
liver  oil  may  agree,  or  either  may  be  taken  alone." 

Wm.  Osier,  M.  D.,  "The  Principles  and  Practice  of 
Medicine, ' '  page  250 :  ' '  Treatment,  general  measures. 
There  are  three  indications ;  first,  to  place  the  patient 
in  surroundings  most  favorable  to  a  maintenance  of  a 
maximum  degree  of  nutrition." 

Austin  Flint,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  "Practice  of  Medi- 
cine, ' '  seventh  edition,  page  107 :  ' '  Impaired  nutrition 
denoted  by  diminished  weight  is  frequently  one  of  the 
earliest  symptoms.  As  a  rule,  reduction  in  weight 
continues  so  long  as  the  disease  is  progressive;  on  the 
other  hand,  the  disease  may  be  considered  as  non-pro- 
gressive if  the  patient  be  not  losing  weight,  and  still 
more  if  he  be  gaining  in  flesh."  Page  111:  "Causa- 
tion: The  causes  of  pulmonary  phthisis  relate,  first, 
to  the  specific  micro-organism,  the  bacillus  tuberculo- 
sis ;  and  second,  to  the  conditions  which  constitute  a 
tuberculous  predisposition  or  diathesis.  The  disease 
is  never  produced  without  the  parasite,  but  the  ef- 
ficiency of  this  agent  depends  on  the  predisposition  or 
diathesis."  In  his  treatment  with  regard  to  cod  liver 
oil,  page  128,  he  says:  "All  clinical  observers  unite 
in  according  to  it  more  or  less  value.  Its  usefulness 
in  a  certain  proportion  of  cases  can  hardly  be  doubted. 
Of  the  cases  of  arrested  or  non-progressive  phthisis 
which  I  have  analyzed,  in  several  the  treatment  con- 


90  KEYES:     THE  KENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

sisted  exclusively  in  the  use  of  cod  liver  oil  and  hygi- 
enic measures." 

Loomis  and  Thomson,  "American  System  of  Prac- 
tical IJ^edicine, "  page  836:  "The  measures  directed 
to  the  prevention  of  tuberculosis  may  be  considered 
under  first,  those  which  are  concerned  with  the  de- 
struction of  the  widespread  germ;  and  second,  meas- 
ures directed  to  maintain  the  nutrition  of  the  individual 
at  its  maximum."  Page  840:  "As  the  healing  of  a 
tubercular  process  is  largely  dependent  upon  the  state 
of  general  nutrition,  the  question  of  diet  becomes  of 
the  first  importance.  Persistent  failure  properly  to 
digest  food  is  an  unfavorable  feature  in  any  case." 

"Twentieth  Century  Practice  of  Medicine,"  Vol. 
XX,  Lartigau,  page  101:  "Predisposing  conditions — 
Most  certainly  any  condition  which  tends  to  diminish 
the  vitality  of  an  individual  necessarily  increases  his 
susceptibility  to  tuberculosis.  Clinical  evidence  sus- 
tains this  view  in  a  most  emphatic  manner."  Knopf, 
page  238,  of  the  same  text-book,  says :  ' '  Many  a  pul- 
monary consumption  has  been  preceded  by  digestive 
disturbances  or  typical  dyspepsia.  Bad  eaters  are 
nearly  always  candidates  for  consumption;"  on  page 
287:  "Consumptives,  as  a  rule,  have  small  appetites, 
and  it  requires  sometimes  no  little  art  to  make  them 
eat.  The  one  important  truth  that  they  should  be  made 
to  understand  is  that  their  digestive  powers  are  far 
greater  than  their  appetites  indicate."  "To  eat  a 
great  deal  of  butter  and  cream  is  especially  to  be  rec- 
ommended to  pulmonary  invalids. ' '  Page  288 :  * '  There 
is  little  fear  that  the  patient  will  ever  overdo  in  regard 
to  the  eating  of  butter.  He  should  be  urged  to  take  it 
with  all  his  meals,  fresh  or  salted,  whichever  he  likes 
best."    Page  291:    "While  I  do  not  believe  in  going 


KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OP  LIFE.  91 

to  extremes,  saying  that  we  can  treat  pulmonary  tu- 
berculosis without  any  medicinal  substances,  I  think, 
nevertheless,  that  we  may  reduce  their  number  to  rela- 
tively few.  To  build  up  the  system,  cod  liver  oil  may 
be  given  whenever  the  stomach  can  support  it. ' ' 

Dr.  Hermann  Eichhorst,  1901,  "A  Text-Book  of  the 
practice  of  Medicine,"  Vol.  II,  page  471:  "Infection 
with  tubercle  bacilli  will  occur  the  more  readily  if  fa- 
vored by  contributory  factors.  Among  these,  in  the 
first  place,  the  conformation  of  the  body  constitution 
is  to  be  included.  Experience  has  shown  that  gener- 
ally not  thick-set  and  robust  persons  are  attacked,  but 
rather  tall,  delicate,  pale  persons."  "It  can  be  under- 
stood that  the  danger  of  infection  is  increased  by  all 
such  conditions  as  diminish  the  resisting  power  of  the 
body,  including  defective  nutrition. ' '  Treatment,  page 
483,  recommends  first  pure  air  and  nutritious  diet. 

An  Epitome  of  Medicine,  Surgery  and  Obstetrics, 
by  A.  Stille,  M.  D.,  D.  H.,  LL.  D.,  and  E.  A.  Penrose, 
M.  D.,  page  127:  "Phthisis — Physical  Constitution: 
There  is  a  certain  amount  of  weight  to  be  attached  to 
the  fact  of  slender  build,  long  limbs,  long  neck,  bright 
eyes,  narrow  chest,  and  a  general  appearance  of  being 
loosely  knit  together. ' '  Page  132 :  ' '  Cod  liver  oil  is 
a  semi-food.  It  is  the  drug  for  consumption.  It  is  a 
concentrated  and  digestible  food  and  supplies  fuel  and 
spares  tissues." 

Wm.  Pepper,  M.  D.,  LL.  D.,  "Text-Book  of  the 
Theory  of  the  Practice  of  Medicine,"  Vol.  II,  page 
569:  "For  the  development  of  tubercular  inflamma- 
tion in  any  part  of  the  body,  there  are  necessary  the 
proper  predisposition  of  the  individual."  Page  579: 
"The  curative  treatment  of  chronic  miliary  tubercu- 
losis is  embraced  in  two  principal  things,  climate  and 


92  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

feeding. ' '  The  feeding  consists  in  enabling  the  patient 
to  eat  and  digest  considerable  quantities  of  wholesome 
food  and  fats." 

I  n^ow  wish  to  refer  to  one  of  the  best  articles  ever 
published  upon  the  subject  of  tuberculosis.  It  was 
written  half  a  century  ago,  and  shows  that  the  writer 
was  master  of  the  disease  so  far  as  has  been  possible 
with  little  improvement  to  the  present  day,  and  in- 
cludes most  of  the  best  part  and  plan  of  the  treatment 
of  tuberculosis,  although  from  this  plan  many  physi- 
cians have  strayed  in  their  quest  of  knowledge,  fol- 
lowing some  ignis  fatuus  into  the  tangled  marsh  of 
this  baffling  disease,  only  to  return  in  such  instances 
when  common  sense  and  a  half  century  or  more  of  fat 
and  oil  feeding  have  demonstrated  its  value  over  all 
other  methods,  medicines  and  manner  of  treatment  of 
the  disease — tuberculosis.  True,  some  good  has  come 
thereby  in  the  relief  of  symptoms,  but  if  we  wish  to 
cure  our  patients,  and  prevent  the  disease,  it  must  be 
by  forcing  the  fats,  and  to  this  end  everything  that 
will  increase  fat  assimilation  is  beneficial — to  aid  in 
this  out-of-door  camp  life  is  most  useful. 

Let  us  now  consider  some  of  the  points  in  the  arti- 
cle above  referred  to,  all  of  which  could  be  reproduced 
with  benefit,  and  to  all  of  which  I  agree.  The  article 
by  David  J.  Brakenridge,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  C.  P.,  L.  R. 
C.  S.,  Edinb.,  published  in  the  Medical  Times  so  far 
back  as  1868,  Vol.  1,  page  633,  entitled: 

On  the  Influence  of  a  Digestive  Habit  in  the  Production  of 
Tuberculosis,   and  the  Indications  for  Treat- 
ment Drawn  Therefrom. 

Among  other  things  he  says:  ''Many  authorities 
are  now  amongst  the  number  of  those  who  believe  that 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  93 

the  immediate  cause  of  tuberculosis  is  a  deficiency  in 
the  chyle  of  those  oily  matters  which,  together  with 
albumen,  are  essential  to  the  formation  of  a  true  nu- 
tritive blastema.  Most  physicians  if  they  do  not  go 
so  far,  are  at  least  of  the  opinion  that  deficiency  of 
fats  is,  in  some  manner  or  other,  at  the  root  of  this 
condition,  and  that  in  the  means  of  supplying  that  de- 
ficiency lies  the  hope  of  its  successful  treatment.  In 
the  great  majority  of  cases  there  is  a  marked  dislike 
of  and  want  of  power  to  digest  fats,  and  every  effort 
is  made  by  tonics  and  other  means  to  overcome  this 
dislike;  too  often  in  vain,  or  with  only  partial  suc- 
cess." No  more  true  observations  of  tuberculosis 
could  be  made  than  these.  Further,  he  says :  ^'With- 
out entering  into  the  whole  subject  of  tuberculosis,  I 
shall  endeavor  under  the  following  heads  to  explain 
my  views  more  particularly: 

*'l.  The  digestion  and  non-digestion  of  different 
kinds  of  food  may  and  do  become  habitual. 

*'2.  The  condition  of  body  favoring  the  develop- 
ment of  tuberculosis  is  a  habit  of  non-digestion  of  fat. 

''3.  The  causes  of  this  habit  are  such  conditions 
as  diminish  the  consumption  of  and  consequent  demand 
for  fat  in  the  system,  e.  g.,  warmth,  impure  air,  want 
of  exercise,  etc. 

*'4.  In  the  treatment  of  this  condition,  the  indica- 
tions are  to  break  the  habit,  and  to  restore  the  lost 
power  of  digestion  of  oil. 

*'5.  This  will  best  be  done  by  supplying  in  in- 
creased force  what  we  find  to  be  the  chief  stimulants 
to  the  digestion  of  fat,  e.  g.,  cold,  pure  air,  exercise, 
'«tc.,  and  by  avoiding  all  that  would  tend  to  confirm 
the  bad  habit. 

''6.     Summer  is,   therefore,   more  to  be   dreaded 


94  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

than  the  winter  in  the  tubercular  diathesis,  and  safety 
to  be  sought  rather  in  choosing  a  cool,  bracing  climate 
in  the  former  season,  than  in  the  opposite  and  usual 
course," 

After  speaking  of  the  first  division,  that  the  diges- 
tion and  non-digestion  of  different  kinds  of  food  may 
and  do  become  habitual  (1)  which,  if  space  permitted, 
is  meritorious  enough  to  be  repeated  in  full,  he  takes 
up  the  second  division,  that  condition  of  body  favor- 
ing the  development  of  tuberculosis  as  a  habit  of  non- 
digestion  of  fat. 

Pre-Tubercular    Condition    Caused   by    a   Habit    of   Non- 
Ingestion  and  Non- Assimilation  of  Fats. 

By  this  he  concludes :  "I  mean  a  comparative,  not 
a  complete,  non-digestion.  There  is  abundant  evi- 
dence to  show  that  in  tuberculosis  fat  digestion  is  de- 
fective. Almost  all  writers  insist  upon  the  repug- 
nance felt  in  most  cases  for  fat;  and  even  where  this 
dislike  is  not  present,  and  considerable  quantities  are 
taken,  it  is  usuallj^  met  with  in  the  stools,  showing  that 
it  is  not  digested.  There  is,  therefore,  every  reason 
to  believe  that  this  diseased  condition  depends  upon  a 
deficiency  of  oil  and  consequent  relative  excess  of  al- 
bumen in  the  nutritive  fluid.  Admitting  this,  the 
question  still  reixiains :  How  does  this  disproportion 
between  these  substances  originate!  To  this  no  satis- 
factory answer  has  as  yet  been  given.  To  say  that 
it  is  due  to  acidity  of  the  alimentary  canal  does  not 
indicate  where  or  how  the  departure  from  normal 
condition  begins.  Acidity  is  only  one  of  the  events 
in  the  history  of  the  disease,  and  may  be  traced  to 
that  general  suboxidation  which  accompanies  dimin- 
ished vitalitj^     Most  probably  it  is  met  with  in  all 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  95 

eases  of  tuberculosis  which  get  to  the  length  of  a  post- 
mortem; but  there  is  no  reason  to  believe  that  it  is  the 
essential  beginning  of  the  tendency  of  the  disease. 
Preceding  the  deposit  of  tubercle,  there  is  a  stage  in 
which  loss  of  energy  is  the  most  marked  feature,  and 
wherein  no  actual  disease  of  any  kind  can  be  traced. 
But  even  here  the  deficient  digestion  of  fat  has  be- 
come established,  and  only  enough  being  taken  into 
the  system  to  supply  the  waste  tissue.  Such  being  the 
case,  it  requires  little  additional  demand  to  be  made 
upon  this  small  stock  of  fat  to  cause  actual  disease, 
with  deposit  of  tubercle,  to  commence.  Eepeated  or 
prolonged  exposure  to  unusual  cold  is  sufficient,  by 
drawing  upon  the  limited  supply  of  carbon,  to  disturb 
the  balance  between  fat  and  albumen,  and  thus  cause 
mal-nutrition.  The  harmony  which  will  be  seen  to 
exist  between  the  recognized  causes  of  tuberculosis 
and  the  conditions  which  favor  the  non-digestion  of 
fats  will  most  of  all  support  this  view."  It  must  be 
remembered  that  the  above  was  written  at  about  the 
time  experiments  were  being  made  to  inoculate  ani- 
mals with  tuberculosis  from  the  tubercle,  the  germ  at 
that  time  not  having  been  discovered.  It  could  now  be 
said  that  the  non-ingestion  and  non-assimilation  of  fats 
have  led  to  the  weakened  condition  and  lowered  vitality 
of  the  body  favoring  the  growth  of  the  germ  and  conse- 
quent formation  of  the  tubercle. 

From  the  foregoing  extracts  it  will  be  seen  that 
from  the  earliest  times  to  the  present  date  that  the 
disease,  tuberculosis,  has  been  best  controlled  by  build- 
ing up  nutrition,  and  that  this  nutrition  is  best  sup- 
plied in  the  form  of  fats  and  oils.  It  may  be  asked: 
Why  do  not  all  improve  when  fed  upon  fats  and  oils? 
I  would  answer  by  saying,  that  with  those  who  have 


96  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

not  formed  the  habit  of  assimilating  oils,  that  weeks 
of  constant  training  are  often  required,  and  conse- 
quently, in  these  cases,  the  good  results  are  not  ob- 
tained ithat  are  in  those  cases  who  assimilate  the  oils 
and  fats.  Instead  of  the  oils  being  assimilated  with 
many  people,  they  are  broken  up  into  fatty  acids  and 
glycerin  and  expelled,  never  entering  into  the  sys- 
tem, where  they  would  be  used  and  then  expelled  in 
the  form  of  carbon  principally  from  the  lungs.  A  study 
of  the  digestion  of  fats  and  assimilation  of  oils  shows 
that  they  enter  the  blood  practically  in  the  same  man- 
ner as  if  they  were  injected  into  the  tissues  and  there 
assimilated  into  the  blood.  In  May,  1904,  I  described, 
under  the  title  of  "The  Cure  of  Consumption — 
Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil  and  Its  Digestion  by 
the  AVhite  Globules  of  the  Blood,"  my  method  of  treat- 
ing consumption,  and  results  obtained  by  this  method 
of  treatment  since  then  have  been  most  favorable.  The 
advantage  which  subcutaneous  injections  have  over 
alimentation  is  that  they  must  be  assimilated,  and  by 
giving  one  ounce  daily  by  subcutaneous  injection,  it  is 
common  for  patients  to  gain  ten  pounds  a  month  for 
several  months,  until  finally  all  s^miptoms  of  the  dis- 
ease disappear.  With  those  who  do  not  gain  so  rap- 
idly often  the  symptoms  disappear  more  quickly,  and 
it  would  seem  that  the  super-nutrition  was  used  almost 
entirely  to  heal  the  diseased  lung,  instead  of  being  laid 
up  in  the  form  of  adipose  tissue.  The  proof  and  evi- 
dence that  oils  and  fats  have  always  been  most  bene- 
ficial in  the  treatment  of  consumption  is  given 
throughout  the  literature  on  the  disease  from  earliest 
writings  and  clinical  evidence,  while  the  results  which 
I  have  obtained  by  injecting  oils  subcutaneously  prove 
it  to  be  the  greatest  of  all  therapeutic  agents  in  the 


Case  XX.  Mr.  A.  L.  F.,  who  gained  15  pounds  in  weight,  recov- 
ered from  pulmonary  tuberculosis  and  remains  well.  He  is  actively 
engaged.  Treatment:  Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil.  His  life  was 
renewed. 


Case  XXII.  Master  E.  E.,  who  gained  18  pounds  in  six  mouths.  He 
grew  1%  iuches  taller  in  three  months.  He  had  pulmonary  tuber- 
culosis, but  made  a  perfect  recovery.  Treatment:  Subcutaneous  in- 
jections  of   oil.     His  life  was  renewed. 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  97 

cure  of  consumption.  I  shall  endeavor,  in  a  series  of 
papers,  to  show  how  this  treatment  meets  every  indi- 
cation in  the  therapeutics  of  the  pathology  of  consump- 
tion, and  I  shall  then  show  the  clinical  evidence. 


^  CHAPTER  VI. 

THE  CAUSES  OF  CONSUMPTION  INDICATE  THE  USE 

OF  OILS  INJECTED  SUBCUTANEOUSLY 

AS  A  CURE. 

Consumption,  as  its  name  implies,  is  a  disease  of 
progressive  wasting,  the  pulmonary  variety  being 
characterized,  first,  by  an  impoverished  system,  due  to 
an  abhorrence  or  to  the  non-use  of  fats  in  the  daily 
diet,  which  gives  rise  to  a  variety  of  pre-tubercular 
symptoms.  The  system  being  weakened  and  impover- 
ished, the  lungs  are  not  able  to  gather  the  nutrition 
from  the  blood  which  is  their  only  store  for  taking  ma- 
terial necessary  to  their  life  and  repair,  and  the  lungs 
being  organs  which  never  rest,  but  are  always  active, 
even  though  the  body  sleeps,  they  require  great  nutri- 
tion for  their  wear,  and  the  blood  is  unable  to  give  that 
which  it  does  not  possess  in  its  weakened  and  impov- 
erished state.  The  necessary  food  has  either  not  been 
eaten  or  it  has  not  been  assimilated,  and  the  unfed, 
weakened,  vitiated  lungs  are  in  a  condition  to  furnish 
the  soil  for  the  growth  of  the  tubercle  bacilli. 

The  pre-tubercular  state  or  condition  is  caused 
primarily  from  the  non-eating  and  non-digestion  of 
fatty  foods.  If  they  are  not  digested,  and  not  assimi- 
lated, then  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  are  indicated. 

Secondly,  a  pre-tubercular  condition  is  caused  by 
vitiated  atmosphere  and  indoor  life,  because  these  con- 
ditions are  not  favorable  to  the  digestion  of  foods,  and 
as  a  consequence,  anorexia  and  loss  of  appetite  ensue. 

Q8 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  99 

//  the  patient  can  not  eat  the  proper  amount  of  fats 
and  oils  to  nourish  the  system,  then  they  should  he 
injected. 

I  place  the  lack  of  fat  foods  of  first  importance  in 
the  production  of  a  pre-tiibercular  condition,  for  the 
reason  that  the  second  cause  produces  those  condi- 
tions which  are  of  the  first  cause,  and  from  the  fact 
that  by  observations  of  man,  of  various  climes  and  un- 
der various  conditions,  it  will  be  seen  that  the  non- 
use  of  a  fatty  diet  leads  to  tuberculosis. 

The  North  American  Indians,  in  early  days,  were 
particularly  free  from  this  disease,  were  strong  and 
well  developed.  Wliile  they  are  still,  in  the  majority  of 
cases,  living  an  out-of-door  life,  they  are  rapidly  suc- 
cumbing to  tuberculosis.  The  reason  for  this  is  found 
not  in  a  lack  of  out-door  life,  but  in  a  lack  of  fatty  foods 
in  their  daily  diet.  As  a  rule,  they  have  neither  butter 
nor  cream,  because  they  are  too  lazy  to  milk  a  cow  and 
perform  other  tasks  incidental  to  making  of  butter  and 
care  of  cream;  they  have  little  of  the  fat  game  which 
was  so  plentiful  in  their  former  days,  and  upon  which 
they  depended.  Farinaceous  foods,  beans  and  the  like, 
form  the  diet  of  most  of  their  number,  and  for  this 
reason  tuberculosis  gains  its  great  foothold  among 
them. 

As  a  similar  example,  to  the  want  of  fatty  foods 
as  a  primary  cause  of  tuberculosis,  may  be  mentioned 
the  former  cannibals  of  the  South  Sea  Islands,  who, 
some  fifty  years  ago,  were  noted  for  their  develop- 
ment, feats  of  physical  strength,  and  endurance.  They 
live  much  in  the  open  air;  their  manner  of  habitation, 
as  to  life  out-doors,  has  changed  little  or  none,  and 
certainly  not  enough  to  affect  them,  but  their  diet  has 
changed.    Formerlv,  they  lived  upon  larere  amounts 


100  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

of  fat  meat,  not  alone  their  victims  of  war,  but  fat 
pork,  dogs,  and  other  animals  formed  their  staple  arti- 
cles of  diet.  The  potato  and  farinaceous  foods  were 
introduced,  and  they  were  educated  to  them  until  it 
became  their  principal  diet,  with  the  result  that  now 
tuberculosis  is,  very  prevalent  among  them. 

The  negroes,  in  the  days  of  slavery,  were  supplied 
with  a  plenteous  amount  of  hog  and  hominy,  which 
formed  the  greater  part  of  their  diet.  When  they  were 
freed  and  depended  upon  themselves  for  support, 
owing  to  the  prejudice  against  them,  the  majority 
could  find  only  a  meager  existence,  and  fat  foods  did 
not  enter  so  largely  into  their  daily  home  diet.  All  can 
not  be  Pullman  porters  or  waiters.  His  home  no  longer 
contains  the  plentiful  supply  of  hog,  and,  as  a  result, 
we  find  that  tuberculosis  is  very  prevalent  among  the 
negro  race,  while  formerly  the  negroes  were  practically 
free  from  it. 

The  Eskimos  are  the  only  people  said  to  be  free 
from  tuberculosis.  It  has  been  the  belief  of  some 
writers  that  this  is  due  to  the  cold,  stimulating  atmos- 
phere in  which  they  live,  but  this  can  not  be  the  only 
reason,  for  the  population  living  in  similar  climates  are 
very  much  affected  with  consumption,  and  their  chil- 
dren suffer  greatly  from  enlarged  tubercular  glands. 
The  solution  is  found  in  the  fact  that  the  Eskimo  lives 
almost  entirely  upon  fatty  meats  and  "toodnoo," 
a  kind  of  butter  made  from  the  fat  of  the  reindeer ;  on 
the  other  hand,  the  population  in  similar  climates  do 
not  eat  the  extra  large  amount  of  fat  which  is  essen- 
tial for  the  formation  of  the  heat  of  the  body  in  the 
cold  climate,  and  for  the  extra  amount  of  nutrition 
needed  to  supply  the  vital  functions,  and,  as  a  conse- 
quence, they  are  much  weaker,  more  anemic  and  thin- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  101 

ner,  and  tuberculosis  becomes  prevalent  among  them. 
It  is  said  that  an  Eskimo  will  eat  from  nine  to  twelve 
pounds  of  fat  at  one  meal.  He  is  not  only  free  from 
tuberculosis  but  also  from  appendicitis  and  catarrhal 
diseases  of  the  intestine. 

The  goat,  among  animals,  is  found  to  be  free  and 
quite  immune  from  tuberculosis.  The  appetite  of  the 
goat  is  proverbial.  Range  cattle  are  little  subject  to 
the  disease,  tuberculosis,  but  range  cows  are  never 
milked  and  robbed  of  most  of  the  fats  which  their  or- 
ganism produces,  and  which,  when  long  continued, 
can  not  fail  to  tell  upon  their  constitutions.  It  is 
among  old,  thin  cows  which  have  been  milked  steadily 
for  a  period  of  years,  that  tuberculosis  is  general.  It 
is  for  this  reason,  I  believe,  that  tuberculosis  is  seldom 
or  never  found  among  horses,  even  though  housed. 
They  have  good  appetites  and  assimilative  powers, 
and  are  thus  enabled  to  gather  and  assimilate  the  oils 
from  the  grains  and  grasses,  besides  taking  on  flesh 
from  the  more  circuitous  process  of  the  digestion  and 
assimilation  of  other  foods. 

In  man,  the  secondary  cause  which  leads  to  the  pro- 
duction of  tuberculosis,  is  indoor  life  and  sedentary 
occupations,  since  these  occupations  are  not  conducive 
to  appetite.  Sunlight  and  air  stimulate  the  blood  cells 
so  that  they  perform  their  functions  better  and  assim- 
ilate more  food.  The  appetite  of  the  camper  is  well 
known.  He  can  eat  any  kind  of  food  and  relish  it, 
even  though  the  food  is  cooked  by  himself  or  com- 
rades, and  of  such  a  mess  that  he  would  turn  away 
from  it  with  disgust  were  he  at  home.  In  camp,  how- 
ever, he  finds  it  very  good,  and  praises  are  not  too 
high  for  the  cook  as  he  passes  his  plate  for  a  second 
or  third  portion. 


102  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

The  causes,  then,  of  consumption  are  those  condi- 
tions which  lead  to  faulty  nutrition,  generally  in  the 
habit  of  diet  which  has  lowered  the  nutrition  of  the 
blood,  leaving  the  lungs  no  longer  able  to  maintain 
their  vitality  and  balance  between  destruction  and  re- 
pair; no  longer  able  to  cope  with  the  germ  of  the 
disease. 

The    Habit    of   Not    Eating    Fats    Leads    to    Their   Non- 
Assimilation,  Mal-Nutrition,  and  Tuberculosis. 

Let  us  question  some  of  our  patients  as  to  whether 
they  eat  the  fat  from  their  meat,  a  good  supply  of  but- 
ter, cream  and  oils,  and  what  will  be  the  result?  This 
question  has  been  answered  before  by  many  physi- 
cians. Consumptives  do  not  eat  fats.  The  habit  of  not 
eating  fats  may  have  commenced  from  the  weaning 
period  of  infancy,  or  may  have  had  its  inception  from 
the  example  set  by  tuberculous  parents.  We  shall  now 
see  how  this  habit  of  not  eating  fats  leads  to  their  non- 
assimilation,  mal-nutrition,  and  tuberculosis. 

Webster  defines  habit  as  a  "state  of  anything,  im- 
plying some  continuance  or  permanence ;  temperament 
or  particular  state  of  body,  formed  by  nature  or  in- 
duced by  extraneous  circumstances,  as  a  costive  or  lax 
habit  of  body,  a  sanguine  habit.  A  disposition  or  con- 
dition of  the  mind  or  body,  a  tendency  or  aptitude  for 
the  performance  of  certain  actions,  acquired  by  cus- 
tom, or  a  frequent  repetition  of  the  same  act.  Habit 
is  that  which  is  held  or  retained,  the  effect  of  custom 
or  frequent  repetition.  Hence,  we  speak  of  good 
habits  and  bad  habits.  Frequent  drinking  of  spirits 
leads  to  a  habit  of  intemperance.  We  should  endeavor 
to  correct  evil  habits  by  a  change  of  practice.  A  great 
point  in  the  education  of  children  is  to  prevent  the 


KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  103 

formation  of  bad  habits."  All  of  the  above  is  said 
in  the  dictionary  in  defining  habit,  while  much  more  is 
attributed  to  habit  by  those  who  have  written  especial- 
ly upon  the  subject,  considering  all  physiological  ac- 
tions of  the  body  as  originally  starting  in  habit,  which 
by  constant  repetition  has  become  automatic  and  con- 
stituted a  reflex  of  physiological  action. 

Habit,  then,  is  the  originator  of  vital  action,  since 
all  vital  action,  and  every  movement  of  the  body  or 
thought  of  the  mind  is  set  into  action  by  some  reflex 
or  stimulus,  and  the  metabolic  functions  of  glands  are 
controlled  by  these  reflex  centers,  which  inherited  are 
physiological,  and  do  not  require  consciousness  even 
for  their  existence.  All  this  being  true  of  habit,  then 
it  has  been  a  means  of  evolution  of  the  species,  though 
habit,  in  turn,  has  been  greatly  influenced  by  environ- 
ment, and  later  in  man  by  climate,  diet,  and  occupation, 
as  instanced  by  the  various  tribes  of  savages  and  races 
modifying  their  development,  physical  growth,  appear- 
ance, and  ways  of  living.  People  improve  or  de- 
teriorate from  civilization,  employment,  climate  and 
diet. 

It  is  said  that  the  lowest  form  of  matter  has  pow- 
ers of  digestion  and  assimilation.  Going  higher  into 
plant  life,  these  may  be  fashioned  into  habits.  Tracing 
the  lowest  form  of  animal  life  from  its  beginning,  we 
can  see  how  constant  repetitions  enforced  upon  it  by 
its  surroundings  became  habitual,  which  repetitions 
have  resulted  in  its  structural  modification,  and  the 
formation  of  a  track  for  the  controlling  nervous  im- 
pulse, nerve  tissues  being  prone  to  repeat,  since  con- 
stant stimulation  renders  them  more  or  less  automatic. 
This  stimulation,  perhaps,  changes  their  molecular 
structure,  and  affords  a  line  of  least  resistance  to  the 


104  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

force  which  causes  their  movement,  and,  finally,  these 
actions  having  become  functional  and  physiological, 
gives  j*ise  to  the  nerve  centers  and  nerve  systems. 
Constant  repetition,  then,  is  habit,  which  may  produce 
a  physiological,  or,  if  injurious,  an  abnormal  reflex, 
which  then  becomes  functional  of  the  organs  or  tissues, 
and  may,  in  the  course  of  time,  modify  their  structural 
form  and  utility.  Thus,  the  functions  of  the  body  have 
all  been  formed  by  habit.  It  would,  therefore,  seem 
on  account  of  the  plasticity  of  organic  materials,  that 
habits  implanted  from  birth,  as,  for  instance,  abstain- 
ing from  fats,  would  lead  to  a  condition  not  favorable 
to  their  digestion;  especially  is  this  true  of  fats,  on 
account  of  the  manner  in  which  they  are  digested. 
Senn,  in  his  book  on  the  Arctic  regions,  says  that  the 
Eskimos  have  formed  the  habit  of  digesting  fats  to 
the  exclusion  of  vegetables  and  that  they  do  not  seem 
to  have  any  desire  for  vegetables  and  probably  can 
not  digest  them. 

Fats  are  digested  in  the  intestine,  where  they  are 
split  into  oils  by  the  pancreatic  juice  and  bile,  after 
which  their  digestion  is  not  agreed  upon  by  all  physiol- 
ogists, which  shows  that  it  is  not  exactly  understood, 
some  believing  that  the  fats  are  saponified,  others  that 
'they  are  not ;  then  they  pass  through  the  walls  of  the 
villi  of  the  intestine,  if  conditions  are  favorable.  In 
the  walls  of  the  villi  of  the  intestine,  after  a  hearty 
meal  and  under  normal  conditions,  there  are  many 
white  blood  cells,  which  seem  to  be  in  waiting  to  ab- 
sorb these  fats  like  animals  waiting  to  be  fed.  If  there 
never  were  any  fats  to  be  digested  and  absorbed  from 
the  intestine  then  the  juices  which  are  used  to  break 
up  the  fats  would  become  lessened,  as  all  digestive 
juices  do  when  not  called  upon,  as  is  instanced  in  the 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  105 

''faddists"  who  go  without  breakfasts,  and  soon  they 
have  no  demand  or  appetite  for  them.  The  digestive 
juices  will  not  flow  out  in  anticipation  of  an  unexpected 
unhabitual  meal,  and  so  it  is  unlikely  that  the  blood 
cells  will  line  up  to  absorb  fats  in  the  walls  of  the  villi 
when  there  never  has  been  any  there  for  them  to  feed 
upon.  Organs  and  tissues  grow  to  the  mode  in  which 
they  are  trained.  If  they  are  seldom  called  upon  to 
digest  fats  they  will  not  respond  when  fats  are  eaten 
only  occasionally,  the  function  becoming  useless,  like 
the  blind,  wingless  grasshoppers,  with  extremely  long 
antennae  and  the  blind,  colorless  cray  fish,  of  Mam- 
moth Cave ;  opinions  being  that  not  having  use  for  eyes 
they  became  rudimentary  and  other  parts  of  the  body 
adapted  themselves  to  circumstances.  Man's  system 
soon  adapts  itself  to  poisons,  as  tobacco,  and  when  the 
habit  is  once  formed  the  condition  is  hard  to  overcome. 

People  who  do  not  eat  hearty  meals  on  account  of 
lack  of  appetite,  will  soon  become  of  "full  habit, "when 
they  are  trained  to  eat  regular  and  large  meals,  as  is  in- 
stanced with  the  tubercular  patient  who,  troubled  with 
anorexia  and  loss  of  appetite,  when  placed  upon  a 
forced  diet  and  made  to  eat  a  given  amount,  will  under 
these  conditions  experience  a  return  of  appetite  in  a 
very  short  time.  Signs  drawn  from  the  habit  of  not 
eating  fats  are  everywhere  pointing  to  the  conditions 
which  produce  tuberculosis,  prominent  among  them, 
written  in  very  strong  characters,  is  the  starvation  and 
mal-nutrition  of  tissue^. 

The  following  inferences  may  be  drawn  in  regard  to 
habit  as  here  described:  That  the  non-eating  of  fats 
leads  to  their  non-digestion,  mal-nutrition,  and  tuber- 
culosis. To  re-establish  the  habit  of  assimilating  fats 
and  oils  a  plentiful  supply  of  them  should  be  eaten  and 


106  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

that  since  in  the  thin  anemic  pre-tuhercular  or  tubercu- 
lar patients  fats  may  not  he  assimilated  in  sufficient 
amounts  to  meet  the  imperative  quick  demands  of  nu- 
trition^ oils  should  be  injected  subcutaneously. 


CHAPTER  VII. 

BIOLOGY  INDICATES   THE  USE   OF   OIL  INJECTED 

SUBCUTANEOUSLY  AS  A  CURE  FOR 

CONSUMPTION. 

In  this  chapter  I  shall  explain  to  yon  that  the 
science  of  life,  or  biology,  points  out  the  use  of  oils  in- 
jected subcutaneously  as  an  absolute  cure  for  con- 
sumption. 

It  has  been  said  of  the  evolution  of  living  matter, 
that  it  is  born,  grows,  and  dies.  This  is  true  of  all 
living  matter,  whether  it  be  animal  or  vegetable,  man 
or  the  tubercle  bacilli.  There  are  many  conditions 
which  will  advance  living  matter  more  rapidly  toward 
death  which  is  as  certain  as  others;  on  the  opposite 
hand,  there  are  many  conditions  which  will  prolong 
the  life  of  living  matter.  Living  matter,  in  all  its 
varied  forms,  is  characterized  by  its  power  of  assim- 
ilating such  nutritive  material  as  is  essential  for  the 
maintenance  of  its  vitality,  and  when  this  power 
ceases,  it  dies,  whether  it  be  man  or  the  minute  tuber- 
cle bacillus. 

It  is  proven,  conclusively,  that  before  the  tubercle 
bacillus  can  grow,  it  must  first  find  a  suitable  individual 
who  possesses  the  soil,  that  weakened  non-resistance  of 
tissue  which  comes  from  mal-nutrition ;  for  if  it  were 
not  so,  all  would  have  succumbed  to  this  disease.  If 
the  weakened  cells  of  the  blood,  which  carry  nutrition 
throughout  the  system,  had  been  supplied  with  the  ma- 
terial which  was  so  essential  to  the  organs  and  all  the 

107 


108  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

body  to  be  in  a  healthy  condition,  so  as  to  resist  dis- 
ease and  repair  itself,  then  tuberculosis  never  could 
have  £^ected  the  body.  By  a  proper  nutritious  diet 
we  build  up  the  body,  so  that  there  is  no  soil  for  the 
growth  of  the  tubercle  germ.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
weakened  individual  has  succumbed  to  the  disease. 
If  the  nutrition  of  the  blood  is  supplied  hy  injecting 
oil  into  the  tissues,  which  increases  the  number  and 
activity  of  blood  cells,  as  ivell  as  supplying  the  ma- 
terial for  the  formation  of  fat  tissue  {as  well  as  con- 
nective tissue),  and  which  yields  itself  to  supply 
all  other  tissues,  then  the  system  of  the  individucd  is 
again  placed  in  a  condition  to  ward  off  the  disease,  and 
through  its  increased  cell  activity  and  increased  re- 
parative power,  prevents  the  growth  of  a  new  genera- 
tion of  the  tubercle  germ,  while  the  older  ones  die  and 
are  thrown  off  by  the  system.  If  they  have. caused 
much  destruction  of  lung  tissue,  its  place  is  filled  by 
connective  tissues  aided  from  the  fat  of  the  blood. 
There  are  no  impoverished  conditions  from  which  the 
germ  maintains  its  vitality,  for  conditions  which  pro- 
duce vitality  of  the  individual  are  incompatible  with 
and  directly  opposite  to  the  conditions  which  give  vi- 
tality to  the  germ.  When  the  nutrition  and  cell  activ- 
ity of  the  body  is  built  up  to  the  highest  point,  it  is 
inevitable  that  the  germ  dies  naturally  through  decline 
of  those  conditions  upon  which  it  feeds,  and  is  as  nec- 
essary biologically  as  its  growth. 

Life  and  vitality  of  the  human  being  are  dependent 
upon  a  sum  of  forces,  principal  of  which  is  the  blood. 
The  blood  furnishes  the  nutrition  of  the  body,  and 
is  dependent  upon  proper  aeration,  and  proper  nutri- 
tion, to  carry  on  the  metabolism  of  the  tissues.  The 
blood  is  composed  largely  of  living  cells,  which  are 


KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  109 

its  essential  workers,  and  are  enabled  to  perform  their 
functions  by  the  volume  of  fluid  which  rides  them  to 
the  tissues,  and  for  aeration  to  the  lungs..  Oxidation, 
or  the  repair  of  the  tissue  and  displacement  of  old  tis- 
sue, is  one  of  their  functions. 

Of  all  the  foods  used  in  oxidation,  and  the  supply 
of  force  and  heat,  fat  foods  are  the  most  important. 
The  place  of  oil,  as  a  remedy  for  the  disease,  injected 
into  the  tissues,  ivill  he  readily  appreciated,  for  oil 
thus  injected  enters  the  circulation  in  practically  the 
same  ivay  as  ivhen  strained  through  the  intestines,  as 
we  shall  point  out  more  fully  in  our  chapter  on  the 
physiology  of  the  cure. 

That  which  characterizes  living  matter  is  its  in- 
stability, as  manifest  in  its  growth,  assimilation  of 
other  matter,  its  irritability,  motility,  and  power  of 
reproduction.  By  the  power  of  assimilation,  living 
bodies  or  cells  of  the  blood  unite  with  such  affinities 
with  which  they  come  in  contact. 

All  these  powers  are  dependent  upon  nutrition.  If 
the  cells  of  the  blood  do  not  come  in  contact  with  such 
nutritious  affinities,  in  sufficient  quantities,  they  can 
not  grow  or  reproduce  themselves  as  rapidly,  and  like 
all  living  matter,  adapt  themselves  to  circumstances, 
as  to  number,  length  of  life,  and  amount  of  nutrition 
absorbed.  With  the  oil  injected  into  the  system  it  fur- 
nishes an  affinity  which  is  assimilated  by  the  blood, 
furnishing  nutriment  so  necessary  for  increased 
growth,  reproduction,  and  length  of  life,  which,  in 
fine,  are  specialized  into  the  various  tissues  of  the 
body. 

Because  of  the  power  of  assimilation  upon  which 
the  vitality  of  living  matter  depends,  the  amount  of 
nutrition  which  it  receives  greatly  affects  its  charac- 


110  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

ter  and  appearance  of  its  elements,  sometimes  identi- 
cal with  itself,  according  to  the  amount  of  nutrition 
upon  -^hich  it  grows. 

Oils  injected  into  the  tissues  affect  the  living  blood 
cells  directly,  hy  feeding  them  so  that  they  are  enabled 
to  groiv,  both  in  size  and  numbers,  and  increase  their 
strength  and  working  poivers.  The  presence  of  nutri- 
tion is  necessary  to  feed  these  blood  cells,  and  for  the 
formation  and  growth  of  neiv  tissue. 

The  power  of  attraction  and  assimilation  of  the 
blood  cells  is  the  power  alone  which  furnishes  and 
carries  on  nutrition  to  other  parts  of  the  body,  and 
sustains  life,  and  through  this  power  furnishes  the  ele- 
ments of  all  tissues  of  the  body,  and  is  the  characteris- 
tic of  all  living  matter. 

If  nutrition  is  not  furnished  by  proper  foods,  then 
the  blood  cells  can  not  exist  in  numbers  sufficient  to 
ward  oif  disease.  Injections  of  oil  into  the  tissues  fur- 
nish this  nutrition,  and  we  know  that  it  is  assimilated, 
while  if  taken  into  the  intestine  it  may  pass  out  before 
being  absorbed  and  be  of  little  or  no  value.  By  the  in- 
jections of  oil,  the  blood  cells  find  for  their  growth  or 
repair,  or  for  the  nourishment  of  other  tissues,  that 
which  they  readily  appropriate. 

Life  is  dependent  upon  a  constant  transformation 
of  matter,  which  assures  to  it  a  proportionate  and  con- 
stant reparation,  and  it  is  by  this  that  we  can  interpret 
all  the  processes  of  growth  and  repair,  while,  on  the 
other  hand,  conditions  of  disintegration  and  destruc- 
tion are  due,  particularly  and  principally,  to  diminu- 
tion of  nutrition. 

Nutrition  is,  therefore,  the  principal  part  in  the 
maintenance  of  life.  Nutrition  to  the  blood  is  furnished 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  Ill 

hy  oil  injections,  and  meets  every  indication  for  the 
reproduction  and  repair  of  diseased  tissue. 

Through  nutrition,  living  matter  is  enabled  to  live, 
develop,  and  reproduce  itself.  Wlien  living  matter  is 
no  longer  nourished  it  dies.  If  the  blood  is  not  nour- 
ished it  cannot  maintain  itself,  to  say  nothing  of  main- 
taining the  strength  and  resisting  powers  of  other  or- 
gans. It  has  little  to  give,  it  has  less  to  change  and  re- 
pair, and,  in  proportion  to  the  function  of  the  organ, 
will  correspond  a  diminished  quantity  of  functional 
power.  We  have  said  that  the  body  is  nourished  by 
the  blood,  which,  in  turn,  gathers  its  nutrition  from 
the  food  we  eat.  If,  for  any  reason,  proper  food  is  not 
eaten  or  assimilated,  then  the  blood  lacks  in  nutrition. 

The  vital  organs  of  man  differ  so  as  to  constitute, 
as  it  were,  a  number  of  individuals,  and  their  life,  as 
of  the  smaller  cells  of  the  body,  are  dependent  upon 
nutrition.  This  is  true  of  the  lungs,  as  of  all  pro- 
toplasm. There  is  a  constant  change  of  worn-out  tis- 
sue and,  as  the  lungs  never  cease  working,  it  is  reason- 
able to  expect  that  they  demand  the  highest  amount  of 
nutrition,  which  they  gather  only  from  the  blood. 

The  blood  must  contain  nourishment  for  the  lungs ' 
vitality  and  repair  of  their  tissues,  and  for  the  forma- 
tion of  connective  tissue,  all  of  which  can  be  derived 
from  fat  tissue.  The  adipose  tissue  of  the  body  yields 
first  to  supply  nutriment  to  the  more  vital  tissues,  and 
as  oils  injected  meet  all  the  elements  of  adipose  tissue, 
their  relation  to  tissues  of  the  body,  and  how  they  are 
converted  into  them,  the  assimilation  of  living  tissues, 
in  obedience  to  an  immutable  law,  will  be  readily  ap- 
preciated. 


CHAPTER  VIII. 

PHYSIOLOGICAL  THERAPEUTICS  INDICATE  THE  USE 

OF  OILS  INJECTED  SUBCUTANEOUSLY  AS  A 

CURE  FOR  CONSUMPTION. 

Animal  fats  and  oils  of  vegetable  cells  as  producers 
of  potential  energy  and  heat  are  the  most  powerful  of 
any  substance  used  as  food.  They  also  serve  to  lessen 
and  modify  the  metabolism,  destruction,  waste  of  pro- 
teids,  and  other  tissue-forming  foods.  The  assimilation 
of  oil  is  largely  mechanical,  being  absorbed  in  a  natural 
or  emulsified  form.  Various  views  are  held  as  to  fat 
and  oil  assimilation.  Eecent  works  would  seem  to 
point  to  the  fact  that  oil  is  absorbed  by  the  villi 
of  the  small  intestine  by  osmosis  through  the  epi- 
thelial cells,  a  straining,  as  it  were,  and  then  ab- 
sorbed by  the  white  blood  cells  which  are  in  waiting 
to  receive  the  oils,  the  plasma  of  the  blood  vary- 
ing as  to  the  amount  of  oil  contained  from  0.2  to 
0.5,  or  even  1  per  cent  of  fat,  and  sometimes  contains 
so  much  of  the  fatty  chyle  as  to  be  milky.  After  the 
absorption  of  fats  from  the  intestine  tliey  are  used  in 
the  repair  of  tissue,  and  to  give  energy  to  the  body,  or 
it  may  be  deposited  as  adipose  tissue.  If  the  body  is 
diseased,  as  with  tubercular  conditions,  we  know  that 
more  fats  are  necessary  to  replace  the  diseased  tis- 
sues ;  on  the  other  hand,  where  all  tissues  are  healthy, 
the  oil  or  fat,  if  absorbed,  would  be  more  likely  to  be 
deposited  as  adipose  tissue. 

The  similarity  between  the  assimilation  of  oil  from 

112 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  113 

the  alimentary  canal  and  the  assimilation  of 
oils  subcutaneously  injected,  will  readily  be  seen.  In- 
stead of  the  fats  being  split  into  oils  in  the  intestine, 
strained  through  the  villi  and  taken  up  by  the  blood 
cells,  we  inject  mider  the  skin  a  fine  grade  of  oil,  pure 
and  sterilized,  being  so  pure  and  free  that  it  needs  no 
straining.  Under  the  skin  it  is  absorbed  by  the  blood 
cells  in  their  fight  for  the  health  of  the  body,  using 
the  nutriment  to  rebuild  tissues.  Fat  food  is  either 
stored  up  in  the  body  as  fat,  or  burned  to  furnish  heat 
and  energy. 

Water,  ash  or  mineral  ingredients,  fat,  and  nitro- 
genous matter  constitute  mainly  the  four  classes  of 
substance  of  the  body.  Water  constitutes  from  forty 
to  sixty  per  cent  of  the  body,  ash  from  two  to  five 
per  cent  of  the  weight  of  the  body  and  occurs  prin- 
cipally in  the  bones.  The  fat  varies  greatly  with  the 
condition  of  the  person  and  the  habit  of  diet,  but  sel- 
dom falls  below  six  per  cent  or  rises  above  thirty  per 
cent.  The  nitrogenous  material  or  protein  includes 
all  of  the  matter  containing  nitrogen,  and  is  the  ele- 
ment which  constitutes  about  four-fifths  of  the  atmos- 
phere. It  would  therefore  seem  that  this  latter  ma- 
terial would  be  largely  absorbed  from  our  breathing 
and  be  converted  and  assimilated  by  the  blood  in  case 
of  need  in  the  formation  of  the  tissues  of  the  body  or 
in  the  conversion  and  transformation  of  other  tissues. 

The  sources  of  heat  and  energy  in  man  are  the  pro- 
tein, carbo-hydrate,  and  fat  foods,  and  the  fat  and  pro- 
tein of  the  body,  for  they,  too,  are  used  in  place  of 
food  in  cases  of  necessity. 

Fat,  for  producing  heat  and  energy,  is  nearly  two 
and  one-half  times  more  valuable  than  that  of  carbo- 
hydrate or  protein  food. 


114  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

The  primary  functions  of  food  are  to  repair  the 
waste  of  the  body,  -vrhich  may  be  brought  about  from 
action  ^or  disease,  to  promote  growth,  and  to  furnish 
heat  and  energy. 

Experiments  show  clearly  that  oils  subcutaneously 
injected  may  be  assimilated  by  the  blood  and  used 
to  supply  nutriment,  heat  and  force  to  the  body. 
It  is  upon  this  that  I  base  my  claims  for  a  cure 
of  tuberculosis,  and  from  the  fact  that  the  cure  of 
consumption  must  necessarily  depend  upon  a  proper 
supply  of  nutriment,  the  disease  being  primarily 
one  of  mal-nutrition.  Again,  consumptives  suffer 
so  much  from  loss  of  appetite,  nausea,  and,  perhaps, 
non-absorption,  that  as  a  rule  they  are  unable  to 
take  sufficient  amounts  of  fat,  and  so  nourish  the  sys- 
tem as  to  overcome  the  disease.  Then  the  injections 
of  oil  stimulate  all  growth  and  cell  activity  so  as  to 
destroy  the  disease,  and  as  we  shall  point  out  in  sepa- 
rate chapters,  they  meet  every  indication  and  patholog- 
ical condition  of  the  body. 

When  the  hody  is  icasting  from  disease,  fat  tissue 
yields  itself  first  and  foremost  to  supply  nutriment  for 
the  more  vital  tissues.  For  this  reason,  in  a  chronic 
disease  like  tuberculosis,  tchere  most  of  the  fat  of  the 
hody  has  been  consumed,  subcutaneous  injections  of 
oil  should  be  instituted  to  take  their  place,  and  to  sup- 
ply the  heat,  force  and  tissue-forming  material,  and  to 
save  the  ivaste  of  other  foods  ichich  have  been  eaten, 
that  they  may  also  serve  the  purpose  of  nutrition  to 
the  highest  extent,  and  overcome  the  disease. 

Theories  of  Immunity. 

Let  us  consider  some  of  the  theories  of  immunity, 
and  later  see  how  digestion  of  fats  and  injections  of 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  115 

oil  meet  these  theories,  as  tliey  do  in  many  particulars. 

In  all  serum  therapy  in  which  experiments  have 
been  vigorously  carried  on  since  Koch,  in  1882,  pub- 
Ushed  his  first  article  relative  to  his  discover^"  of  the 
germ,  it  has  been  decided  that  such  serums,  should 
such  a  one  be  discovered  to  prevent  tuberculosis,  will 
not  act  so  as  to  destroy  the  germ  directly,  but  in  a 
secondary  way,  by  stimulating  to  increased  energy  the 
white  corpuscles  of  the  blood,  or  as  Bucliner  puts  it, 
that,  perhaps,  in  the  white  corpuscles  the  defensive 
power  of  the  blood  (alexin)  originates,  while  Metschni- 
koff  believes  their  action  due  to  increasing  phagocyto- 
sis. How  often  the  blood  in  a  state  of  health  prevents 
the  growth  of  disease  germs  in  a  similar  way,  no  one 
would  be  able  to  compute,  but  it  is  known  that  even 
germs  of  the  most  severe  diseases  may  be  found  in  the 
secretions  without  having  excited  the  disease  of  which 
they  are  characteristic,  and  it  is  this  power  which  in 
itself  constitutes  immunity. 

The  lateral  chain  theory  of  immunity,  formed  by 
Ehrlich,  in  1897,  has  been  looked  upon  as  a  hypothesis 
of  great  value  m  exjolaining  natural  and  acquired  im- 
munity, it  being  based  upon  the  specific  action  of  tox- 
ins, a  distinct  toxin  being  formed  for  each  substance 
eliminated  from  the  body,  being  a  bacteriolytic  serum 
stimulated  by  the  presence  of  one  kind  of  germ  or 
pathological  substance,  and  being  devoid  of  action  upon 
a  different  variety.  Ehrlich  also  founded  his  lateral 
chain  theory  upon  the  mechanism  by  which  the  cells 
are  nourished,  this  cellular  protoplasm  being  very 
complex,  with  many  combining  functions,  or  "lateral 
chains,"  carried  on  by  ''receptors"  of  various  fonns, 
and,  according  to  its  peculiar  form,  is  able  to  secure 
by  attachment  the  substances  called  ''haptophores," 


116  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

which  it  can  use,  and  for  which  it  is  said  to  be  particu- 
larly adapted.  The  receptors,  formed  for  the  purpose 
of  takiftg  up  nutritious  liaptophores,  may  also  take  up 
poisons  and  destructive  liaptophores,  as  of  patholog- 
ical germs  which  have  gained  access  into  the  system. 
Should  this  be  the  case,  according  to  the  hypothesis, 
the  pathological  germs  may  stop  the  nutrition  of  the 
cell  and  bring  about  its  destruction ;  on  the  other  hand, 
should  the  pathological  substance  not  attach  itself  in  a 
quantity  sufficient  to  destroy  the  cell,  it  forms  new  re- 
ceptors for  taking  up  nutrition,  in  that  its  life  may  be 
maintained.  Through  repeated  attacks  of  pathological 
substances  (pathological  haptophores),  the  cell,  in  or- 
der to  maintain  itself,  grows  new  receptors  greatly  in 
excess,  which  are  finally  liberated  into  the  plasma,  and 
are  capable  of  uniting  with  haptophores,  either  patho- 
logical or  nutritious,  and,  being  separated  from  the 
cell,  form  products  of  immunity,  and  thus  animals  be- 
come immune  from  certain  poisonous  and  pathological 
conditions,  because  their  cells  either  lack  the  appro- 
priate receptor  or  possess  an  unlimited  number  of 
them.  This  hypothesis  is  accepted  as  accounting 
for  natural  and  acquired  immunity,  study  and  observa- 
tion showing  that  lowered  vitality  of  the  individual 
lowers  the  immunity.  It  is  interesting  to  see  that  this 
theory  has  the  mechanism  of  cellular  nutrition  as  its 
basis. 

Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil  Produce  Immediate  Growth 
of  Blood  Cells. 

An  examination  of  the  blood  after  an  injection 
shows  an  increased  growth  of  its  cellular  constituents, 
both  in  number  and  size.  This  meets  the  theory  of 
producing  immunity  as  to  phagocytosis ;  it  also  can  be 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  117 

applied  to  the  theory  of  immunity  devised  by  Ehrlich, 
in  that  oils  either  assimilated  from  the  intestine  or 
from  subcutaneous  injection,  enter  into  the  circulation. 
Now,  on  account  of  the  increased  amount  of  nutrition 
in  the  blood,  the  cells  must  develop  more  receptors  to 
receive  the  nutrition  or  haptophores,  and,  on  this  ac- 
count, receptors  would  be  as  necessary  to  grow  in  ex- 
cess, and  thus  be  greater  in  number  to  combat  with 
pathological  germs  and  to  supply  cell  nutrition. 

The  peculiarities  of  the  body  juices  of  immunized 
animals,  and  the  formation  in  them,  or  presence,  of 
antitoxin,  amboceptors,  and  other  antibodies,  depend 
upon  the  separation  of  the  unnecessary  receptors  from 
the  excessively  stimulated  cells,  and  experiments  with 
the  toxin,  antitoxin  reaction  and  the  amboceptor  reac- 
tion indicated  that  these  separated  receptors  are  able 
to  continue  their  combining  functions  in  fluids  contain- 
ing them.  The  complimentary  body,  or  solvent  of  for- 
eign and  pathological  cells,  is  not  accounted  for  in 
Ehrlich's  theory,  and  of  this  we  are  left  in  doubt,  but 
is  thought  to  be  a  property  of  the  blood  rather  than  of 
an  antitoxin  injected. 

The  opsonic-index  raises  by  improving  nutrition 
and  by  the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil. 

Oil  injected  is  a  true  antitoxin  against  tuberculosis, 
and  many  other  diseases,  and  the  digestion  of  fats  and 
assimilation  of  oils  shows  why  some  people  are  nat- 
urally im.mune  from  many  diseases,  and  particularly 
of  the  disease  tuberculosis.  Clinically,  it  is  proven  that 
when  fats  and  oils  can  be  assimilated  by  the  tubercular 
patient,  that  he  improves  rapidly  from  the  disease; 
that  the  people  who  liabitually  eat  large  quantities  of 
fats  never  have  tuberculosis,  and  if  they  do  occasion- 
allv,  it  is  because  the  fat  is  not  assimilated;  and  that 


118  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

snbcutaneons  injections  of  oil  form  the  most  valuable 
part  of  the  plan  of  the  treatment  of  tuberculosis,  be- 
ing perhaps  as  near  a  specific  for  the  disease  as  any- 
thing is  possible  to  be. 

Oils  injected  into  the  tissues  meet  every  indication 
of  the  disease  in  a  direct  physiological  manner,  incom- 
patible  with  disease,  by  furnishing  substances  from 
which  the  force  and  heat  of  the  body  are  derived,  and 
the  material  ivhich  may  be  assimilated  by  its  tissues 
and  transformed  into  their  own  hind,  together  with 
other  nutriment,  absorbed  through  the  process  of  di- 
gestion. Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  also  stinndate 
cell  groivth  through  assimilation,  and  also  serve  to 
lessen  the  tvaste  of  substances  used  as  food,  thus  nutri- 
tion may  be  built  up  to  the  highest  extent,  and  tubercu- 
losis overcome. 

Temperament  and  diathesis  are  terms  which  have 
been  used  in  connection  with  the  disease  tuberculosis, 
indicative  of  a  dynamic  character  of  the  organism  rela- 
tive to  the  individual  variations  of  nutritive  activities, 
and  have  been  used  synonjonously  to  an  inherited  ten- 
dency to  mal-nutrition.  We  have  only  to  apply  this 
condition  as  another  evidence  for  the  use  of  oils  to  be 
injected  subcutaneously  as  a  cure  for  consumption,  for 
the  habit  of  non-ingestion  and  non-assimilation  of  fats 
may  have  become  established  through  preceding  gen- 
erations. 

Lung  tissue  has  been  placed  high  in  the  hierarchy 
of  differentiation  of  elements  necessary  for  its  repro- 
duction, and,  as  a  consequence,  lung  tissue  is  often 
healed  and  replaced  by  connective  tissue,  which,  dur- 
ing its  formation,  is  but  little  differentiated  from  fat 
tissue,  and,  in  its  growth,  enjoys  a  relative  and  corre- 
sponding dependence  to  the  formation  of  the  latter  tis- 


KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  119 

sue,  which  repairs  the  lungs,  and  contributes  by  itself, 
pure  and  simply,  in  the  formation  of  a  cicatrix,  which 
takes  the  place  of  the  unregenerated  elements  of  the 
lung,  and  this  increases  its  volume  and  functional 
activitj'',  while  the  elements  of  connective  tissue  will 
change  from  their  common  origin  and  assume  the 
habits  and  tendency  of  elasticity,  etc.,  of  the  lung  tis- 
sue. 

The  formation  of  connective  tissue  being  similar  to 
the  formation  of  fat  tissue  in  its  early  stage,  by  the 
subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  ive  increase  the  nutritive 
properties  of  the  blood,  from  which  this  tissue  is  nec- 
essarily derived,  and  thus  cure  the  diseased  tubercular 
area. 


CHAPTEE  IX. 

THE  EARLY  DIAGNOSIS  AND  SYMPTOMS  OP  CON- 
SUMPTION—ARGUMENTS DRAWN  THEREFROM 
FOR  THE  SUBCUTANEOUS  INJECTIONS 
OF  OIL. 

The  diagnosis  of  consumption  should  be  based  upon 
its  symptoms,  and  not  from  tests  as  to  the  reaction  of 
the  system,  for  that  is  sometimes  deceivable,  while  the 
symptoms  plainly  point  out  the  course  of  treatment 
and  ways  of  living  which  the  patient  should  adopt.  An 
old  tubercular  lesion  may  remain  dormant  and  not 
cause  the  patient  the  least  annoyance,  or  interfere  with 
his  health,  providing  he  is  living  a  proper  life  as  to 
matters  of  food ;  indeed,  by  this  means  alone,  through 
some  change  in  the  life  of  a  tubercular  person,  as  an 
occupation  which  has  increased  his  appetite,  or  through 
change  of  diet,  the  disease  has  been  cured. 

While  the  tuberculin  test  has  been  usually  advo- 
cated only  in  the  early  stage  of  the  disease,  where  the 
symptoms  are  obscure,  I  do  not  recommend  it,  for  the 
reason  that  it  very  often  produces  in  these  cases  more 
than  a  slight  fever,  and,  in  addition,  may  produce  chills 
and  general  malaise  and  aggravation  of  the  symptoms, 
which,  lasting  for  some  days,  weakens  the  patient, 
takes  away  his  scanty  appetite,  so  that  from  the  test 
he  has  often  lost  in  weight  and,  as  a  consequence  of  all 
the  conditions  enumerated,  has  lessened,  rather  than 
strengthened,  his  chance  of  recovery. 

That  early  diagnosis  of  consumption  is  so  impor- 
tant has  been  the  excuse  of  the  stanchest  advocates  of 

120 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  121 

the  tuberculin  test,  but  I  take  it  that  the  pre-tubercular 
symptoms,  which  should  cause  alarm,  are  so  prominent 
that  they  can  not  fail  to  be  recognized,  and  if  treat- 
ment were  begun  at  this  time  it  would  be  more  as  a  pre- 
ventive measure.  But  it  is  only  too  often  that  the  con- 
sumptive patient  does  not  seek  aid  in  the  early  stage, 
or  his  physician,  recognizing  the  disease,  has  spared 
him  of  the  knowledge,  sometimes  the  physician  himself 
being  at  fault,  if  he  has  allowed  the  disease  to  ad- 
vance. Though  understanding  human  nature,  we 
know  that  some  of  these  patients  do  not  follow  the  ad- 
vice in  the  manner  in  which  they  should;  again,  how 
many  have  made  a  proper  study  of  this  disease,  and 
are  able  to  plan  a  diet  disguising  the  large  amounts  of 
butter  and  fats,  so  as  to  be  relished  by  the  patient,  and 
which  are  so  essential  to  the  cure  of  this  disease,  to- 
gether with  other  articles  of  diet  which,  by  their  me- 
chanical action,  aid  in  the  digestion  of  these  fats? 

In  the  diagnosis  of  early  tuberculosis  we  must  first 
consider  the  following  points  as  aids : 

1.  The  appearance  of  phosphate  in  the  urine. 
Phosphatic   absorption    and   fat    assimilation   are 

closely  connectedf  so  much  so  that  ivhen  hogs  are  fed 
upon  a  milk  diet,  in  ivhich  all  fats  are  eliminated,  so 
far  as  practicable,  phosphaturia  develops.  The  con- 
sumptive patient,  passing  large  amounts  of  phosphates 
in  his  urine,  is  cured  of  these  symptoms  by  the  subcu- 
taneous injections  of  oil,  and  it  is  evident  that  the  as- 
similation of  the  oil  produces  conditions  for  the  greater 
absorption  and  assimilation  of  the  phosphatic  salts. 

2.  Loss  of  appetite,  some  indigestion,  and  a  dis- 
like for  fatty  foods,  anorexia,  and  nausea,  with  pro- 
gressive loss  of  weight,  inequality  and  dilatation  of  the 
pupil. 


122  KEYES:     THE  RENEAYAL  OF  LIFE, 

Such  symptoms  call  for  outdoor  life,  forced  diet, 
and  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil. 

3. '  Sleep  sweats,  general  relaxation  of  the  system, 
and  a  tendency  to  sweat  from  slight  exertion,  with  a 
rise  of  temperature  in  the  afternoon,  then  morning  ex- 
pectoration and  cough,  perhaps  pain  in  the  affected 
lungs,  or  in  the  supraorbital  region  and  neck,  and 
sometimes  hemorrhage,  are  symptoms  ichicli  call  for 
subcutaneous  ip.jections  of  oil,  for  hy  their  use  ive 
strengthen  the  patient  hy  building  up  nutrition,  and  ive 
furnish  material  for  maintaining  the  normal  heat  of 
the  body.  Nature,  being  thus  supplied,  does  not  seek 
to  conserve  and  save  her  forces  and  fat  tissues  from 
too  rapid  oxidation,  by  cooling  the  body  ivith  perspira- 
tion at  the  expense  of  the  vitality  and  force  of  the  body. 
On  the  contrary,  the  substance  for  oxidation  and  cure 
of  diseased  tissues  is  furnished  by  the  oil  injected,  as 
ivell  as  the  substance  for  furnishing  force  and  vitality 
to  the  body. 

4.  The  period  of  invasion  of  the  germ  is  com- 
monly marked  by  sjTiiptoms  of  a  chronic  bronchitis, 
without  pulmonary  signs. 

The  symptoms  which  we  have  enumerated  are  pre- 
monitory. After  deposit  of  the  germs,  when  these  are 
being  thrown  off,  with  consequent  s;^Tiiptoms,  the 
diagnosis  is  easy,  but  in  the  treatment  of  this  disea.se 
we  should  not  wait  for  advanced  symptoms  before  be- 
ginning the  treatment.  The  sjonptoms  of  cough  ad- 
vance with  the  amount  and  extent  of  inflammation  of 
the  lung  tissue,  and  the  sensitiveness  of  the  throat,  and 
the  amount  of  anemia,  blood  pressure,  and  cardiac 
disturbances.  When  all  of  these  symptoms  have  ar- 
rived, coupled  with  loss  of  weight,  it  is  not  necessary 
to  confirm  our  diagnosis  by  finding  the  germ.     The 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  123 

general  physical  appearance  of  our  patient,  together 
with  the  s}ani)toms,  enable  us  to  base  our  diagnosis. 

Without  entering  upon  the  differential  signs  of 
this  disease,  we  may  mention  signs  of  the  diseases 
which  have  been  said  to  be  often  confounded  with  tu- 
berculosis, and  from  which  differential  symptoms 
should  be  kept  in  mind. 

Chronic  bronchitis,  chronic  streptococcic,  or  influ- 
enzal pneumonia,  and  syphilis  of  the  lung,  are  among 
the  Inflammatory  diseases  of  the  lung  which  bear 
closest  resemblance  to  tuberculosis.  But  when  symp- 
toms of  ivasting  disease  of  a  chronic  type  are  present, 
ivith  or  without  severe  pulmonary  symptoms,  they  call 
for,  as  the  principal  part  of  their  treatment,  nutrition, 
and  this  is  best  given  hy  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil. 
The  same  as  to  treatment  can  be  said  of  these  other 
diseases  which  may  be  mentioned  as  having  sjTuptoms 
similar  to  those  of  early  tuberculosis,  such  as  per- 
nicious anemia,  leukemia  and  pseudo-leukemia,  but 
which  require  differential  diagnosis ;  not  on  account  of 
treatment  so  much  as  for  the  satisfaction  of  the  patient 
and  physician.  As  the  symptoms  of  tuberculosis  ad- 
vance, all  of  the  premonitory  symptoms  increase  in 
severity  and  give  rise  to  certain  signs,  characteristic 
of  pathological  conditions,  which  varies  according  to 
the  form  of  disease  and  the  resistance  of  the  body,  de- 
pending upon  the  manner  of  the  patient's  living.  The 
morning  cough  increases  on  account  of  the  larger 
amount  of  inflammatory  matter  cast  off  from  the  lungs. 
The  germ  is  now  usually  easy  to  find. 

The  symptoms  of  tuberculosis  are  now  so  prom- 
inent that  they  should  be  used  to  mark  the  stage  of  the 
disease  rather  than  its  diagnosis.  The  advanced  patho- 
logical conditions,  such  as  extensive  inflamed  bronchial 


124  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

tubes  and  Imig  tissue,  with  its  crepitant  and  various 
rales,  the  consolidation  and  formation  of  fibrous  tis- 
sue, "w^th  contraction  and  depression  of  the  chest  walls, 
with  lack  of  cell  and  bronchial  breathing,  with  various 
changes  in  the  percussion  note ;  the  formation  of  cavi- 
ties, with  their  various  resonance,  whistling,  and  rales, 
are  all  too  evident  of  their  pathological  conditions  to 
require  description  of  symptoms  here,  for  the  reason 
that  they  indicate  the  stage  of  the  disease,  rather  than 
its  early  diagnosis. 

The  thin,  emaciated  patient,  tvith  advanced  disease, 
ivould  never  have  suffered  from  the  severe  symptoms 
had  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  been  instituted  early 
in  the  disease.  But  there  is  still  hope  for  those  ad- 
vanced in  the  disease,  for  by  this  method  of  treatment 
I  have  had  patients  recover  from  ivell-formed  cavities 
in  the  third  stage  of  the  disease,  and  resume  their 
occupation  after  six  months'  treatment,  tvhen  they  had 
previously  been  unable  to  work  for  one  or  two  years, 
and,  as  ive  shall  see  in  our  chapter  on  pathology,  sub- 
cutaneous injections  meet  every  symptom  and  indica- 
tion for  the  cure  of  the  disease  and  all  its  pathological 
conditions. 


CHAPTER  X. 

PATHOLOGY   OF   CONSUMPTION— ARGUMENTS   FOR 

ITS  CURE  WITH  SUBCUTANEOUS 

INJECTIONS  OF  OIL. 

Of  the  many  important  pathological  conditions  of 
the  body  in  the  disease,  consumption,  we  shall  pass 
over  those  which  are  apparent  even  to  the  most  casual 
observer,  such  as  wasting  of  the  tissues  of  the  body, 
first  being  an  absorption  of  the  fat  tissue,  leaving  only 
an  atrophied  adipose,  then  of  the  ill-nourished  mus- 
cular tissue,  and  changes  of  the  functions  of  diges- 
tion, some  of  which  we  have  mentioned  in  previous 
chapters,  and  we  shall  speak  but  briefly  of  the  changes 
in  the  blood,  and  then  take  up  the  pathology  of  dis- 
eased lungs. 

The  blood,  previous  to  the  infection  of  the  lung 
by  tuberculosis,  while  it  may  present  normal  findings 
under  the  microscope,  will  be  found  lessened  in  quan- 
tity, wanting  in  activity  of  the  cell  functions,  and 
lacking  in  the  normal  percentage  of  nutriment  or  fat 
which  it  should  contain,  too  poor  in  quality,  too  in- 
active from  starvation,  to  prevent  the  disease  and  to 
win  against  its  invasion,  and  to  furnish  material  and 
connective  tissue  to  the  diseased  lung. 

Oils  injected  into  the  tissues  furnish  nutrition  for 
the  impoverished  hlood,  promoting  at  once  mi  increase 
in  all  of  its  constituents,  furnishing  elements  necessary 
for  the  formation  of  connective  tissue,  and  nutrition 
and  force  for  the  cells  of  the  blood-  to  fight  and  win 

125 


126  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

their  battle  against  consumption;  in  fine,  subcutaneous 
injections  of  oil  furnish  the  material  and  the  conditions 
ichich  are  directly  antagonistic,  opposite  and  opposed 
to  consumption. 

In  the  early  stages  of  consumption,  before  the  sys- 
tem has  become  emaciated,  the  blood  undergoes  little 
or  no  change,  except,  perhaps,  it  lacks  in  fat;  later, 
there  is  a  loss  of  watery  constituents  which  makes 
its  examination  often  appear  the  same.  In  the 
final  stage  there  is  an  increase  of  its  white  cells. 
In  the  first  stage,  the  fat  tissue  of  the  body 
yields  itself  to  keep  up  the  normal  constituents 
of  the  blood,  so  far  as  possible,  while  those  who  are 
emaciated  and  have  no  fat  tissue,  and  in  the  second 
stage,  as  the  disease  progresses,  there  is  no  adipose 
tissue  to  supply  the  blood  with  nutriment,  and,  as  a 
consequence,  it  diminishes  in  quantity;  and  while  na- 
ture endeavors  to  force  her  limited  powers  into  armies 
of  leucocytes  with  which  to  destroy  the  enemy,  the 
disease,  she  has  nothing  to  feed  these  defenders  upon. 
The  system  is  completely  bankrupt,  the  adipose  has 
been  used,  and  all  nutriment  of  the  body  has  yielded 
in  its  endeavors  to  supply  the  blood  with  nutrition 
with  which  to  overcome  the  disease.  The  patient  is 
emaciated  and  wasted.  He  can  not  digest  the  food 
required,  and  nothing  more  is  to  be  derived  from  the 
body. 

Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  enable,  through  the 
body's  own  complete  method,  to  destroy  the  disease, 
and  nature's  method  of  destroying  diseased  germs  is 
the  only  means  ivhich  ive  have  for  any  disease.  True, 
proper  care,  hygienic  rides  and,  indications  must  be 
met  for  all  diseases,  but  the  germ  and  pathological 
conditions  must  be  met  by  the  system.    In  the  oils  in- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  127 

jected  into  the  tissues  ive  aid  the  system  to  every  in- 
dication draum  from  the  pathology  of  the  disease 
ivhich  the  impoverished  system  has  been  unable  to 
supply.  Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  into  the  tis- 
sues furnish  to  the  system  its  supply  of  fats  upon 
ivhich  the  blood  may  draiv  to  feed  its  armies  in  their 
fight  against  the  disease. 

Connective  Tissue  Which  Heals  and  Fills  Lung^  Cavities 
Aided  from  the  Fat  of  the  Blood. 

Following  the  usual  description  that  when  an  infec- 
tion of  the  lungs  takes  place  that  the  powers  of  the 
body,  the  blood,  huxry  an  increased  number  of  cells, 
principally  leucocytes,  to  the  part;  there  is  also  with 
the  cells  a  connective  tissue  formed,  derived  from  the 
nutriment  of  the  blood  in  the  endeavor  of  the  body  to 
heal  itself;  it  icill  be  seen  that  subcutaneous  injections 
of  oil  meet  these  conditions  in  a  remarkable  way,  inas- 
much as  they  increase  cell  growth,  particularly  of  the 
leucocytes,  both  in  number  and  size,  and  this  follows  al- 
most immediately  after  an  injection.  The  second  con- 
dition, that  of  aiding  in  the  formation  of  connective 
tissue,  is  also  met,  and  as  we  have  shown  in  an  early 
chapter,  fats  are  consumed  for  the  repair  of  tissue 
more  than  any  other  food,  i.  e.,  they  are  converted  into 
the  various  tissues  as  the  old  tissues  are  worn  out. 
They  are,  according  to  this,  more  essential  to  the  heal- 
ing of  the  lung  tissue,  to  the  replacing  of  old,  worn- 
out  tissue,  than  any  other  material. 

If  we  stop  for  a  moment  and  consider  the  develop- 
ment of  fat  tissue,  we  shall  see  its  relation  to  other 
closely-allied  tissues,  and  particularly  to  connective 
tissue,  the  tissue  which  fills  and  heals  tubercular  lung 


128  KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

cavities.  In  the  early  stage  of  the  growth  of  fat  tis- 
sue, most  fat  cells  have  the  same  appearance  as  the 
ordinary  connective  tissue  cells,  and  I  think  that  you 
will  bear  me  out  in  saying  that  it  is  not  too  far-fetched 
to  believe  that  the  blood,  loaded  with  increased  nour- 
ishment in  the  form  of  an  increased  cell  growth  and 
fats,  has  a  better  chance  to  deposit  these  over-abun- 
dant cells  and  over-abundant  fats  in  the  formation  of 
connective  tissue  in  the  diseased  lung,  thus  healing  the 
diseased  area,  the  place  where  they  would  be  more 
likely  to  be  deposited,  since  nature  always  seeks  to 
cure  herself,  and  since  adipose  tissue  yields  to  the  de- 
mands of  other  tissues  in  all  diseases,  the  adipose  tis- 
sue being  rapidly  exhausted,  used  in  nature's  effort 
to  cure;  and  this  she  would  do  and  does  do,  even  in 
cases  of  tuberculosis  in  those  who  are  well  nourished, 
and  who  live  well  upon  fats;  but,  on  the  other  hand, 
there  are  those  who  are  not  well  nourished  and  who  do 
not  eat  fats  in  sufficient  quantities,  so  that  the  habit 
of  non-assimilation  of  fats  has  so  weakened  and  impov- 
erished the  blood  that  nature  can  not  repair  the  lung. 
By  injections  of  oil  ive  thus  aid  nature  to  the  material 
for  healing  the  lung  for  which  she  is  tvanting. 

We  are  now  ready  to  go  on  briefly  as  to  the  general 
pathology  of  a  tubercular  lung,  and  from  what  has 
been  said  already  regarding  subcutaneous  nourishment 
with  oil,  you  will  be  able  to  follow  their  physiological 
action  in  the  healing  of  these  pathological  conditions. 

Tuberculosis  may  manifest  itself  as  a  tubercular  in- 
flammation of  acute  or  chronic  type,  the  former  con- 
dition being  rare  as  compared  to  the  latter.  It  may 
be  of  a  catarrhal  form,  affecting  only  the  larger  bron- 
chi, sometimes  with  hyperemia  and  inflamed  lung  tissue 
filling  the  air  cells  with  resultant  products,  and  un- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  129 

der  these  pathological  conditions  has  been  classified  as 
either  acute  or  chronic  pulmonary  phthisis,  according 
to  the  severity  of  the  inflammation  and  length  of 
period  of  disease. 

Again,  the  disease  assumes  another  form:  there  is 
a  deposit  of  the  tubercle  germ  and  the  formation  of 
the  tubercle  from  which  this  disease  took  its  name  of 
tuberculosis,  long  before  the  discovery  of  the  bacilli, 
and  in  this  form,  too,  we  find  that  the  tubercle  is  of 
various  forms  and  in  varying  conditions.  There  is  no 
limit  to  the  number  of  tubercles;  they  vary  in  size, 
some  being  so  small  as  to  be  scarcely  seen,  others  large, 
and  they  may  be  of  various  shapes,  and  single  or  mul- 
tiple, and  may  be  located  in  any  part  of  the  lung  tissue. 
The  tubercle  found  in  so  great  a  variety  of  conditions, 
as  to  size,  number  and  formation,  corresponds  to  the 
resisting  powers  of  the  body,  and  the  amount  of  re- 
parative material  which  the  body  has  at  its  disposal, 
which  comes,  largely,  from  the  manner  of  diet  of  our 
patient,  and  his  capability  of  digestion.  In  the  more 
chronic  forms  of  the  disease,  where  the  body  has  made 
good  resistance,  we  often  find  the  tubercle  to  have 
undergone  complete  connective  tissue  transformation; 
while  in  those  in  whom  the  disease  has  advanced  more 
rapidly  we  find  the  tubercle  undergoing  a  caseous  de- 
generation, and  the  rapidity  with  which  these  tubercles 
degenerate  and  affect  surrounding  lung  tissue,  cor- 
responds to  the  lack  of  the  protective  elements  (which 
comes  from  the  nutrition  of  the  blood),  and  this  varies 
the  structure  of  the  tubercle  in  different  individuals, 
as  well  as  varying  the  diseased  conditions  of  the  sur- 
rounding lung  tissue,  as  to  inflammatory  products, 
granulation  tissue,  connective  tissue,  and  tubercle  ul- 
ceration, and  extent  of  tisstie  involved. 


130  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

The  histological  structure  of  the  tubercle,  while  not 
constant,  corresponds  to  its  age  of  development,  and 
the  resistance  and  reparative  powers  which  in  the  well- 
nourished  individual  are  ever  trying  to  overcome  it, 
and  will  be  found  to  be  principally  composed  of  cells 
varying  in  size,  and  which  have  a  tendency  to  undergo 
necrosis,  more  rapid  in  the  under-nourished.  The 
cells,  which  are  derived  from  the  blood,  are,  in  general, 
classified  under  three  heads.  We  have  the  small 
round  white  cell,  the  epitheloid  fatty  cells,  and  the 
giant  cell.  The  tendency  of  the  tubercle,  in  the  aver- 
age case  of  consumption,  is  to  undergo  central  ne- 
crosis, but  where  there  is  a  tendency  to  recover  a 
variable  amount  of  connective  tissue  is  usually  formed. 

The  source  of  this  connective  tissue  must,  neces- 
sarily, be  from  the  nutrition  of  the  blood,  and  upon 
this  greatly  depends  as  to  whether  the  tubercle  will 
undergo  connective  tissue  change,  and  thus  be  cured. 
Cavities  of  the  lung  are  formed  in  chronic  phthisis  by 
the  weakening  and  dilatation  of  inflamed  bronchi,  and 
by  the  necrosis  of  inflamed  lung  tissue.  The  tubercle 
forms  cavities  from  its  0"^ti  necrosis  and  the  necrosis 
of  surrounding  inflamed  tissue. 

Let  us  now  mention,  more  particularly,  the  pa- 
thology of  the  lung  which  comes  from  nature 's  efforts 
to  surround  the  disease  and  to  repair  and  replace  the 
damaged  lung.  Tissue  changes  take  place  wherever 
the  bacilli  grow,  which  consists  principally  in  cellular 
increase  and  the  formation  of  epitheloid  and  giant 
cells,  held  by  fibers  of  connective  tissue,  or  there  may 
be  an  inflammatory  small  cell  infiltration,  or  an  exu- 
dation of  serum,  fibrin,  and  red  and  white  blood  cor- 
puscles, which  change  may  occur  singly  o.r  in  combi- 
nation.   Sometimes  the  entire  tubercle  undergoes  con- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  131 

neetive  tissue  changes,  or  if  the  patient  is  not  so  for- 
tunate, his  resisting  power  being  good,  though  some- 
what inferior,  the  formation  of  a  connective  tissue 
capsule  offers  great  resistance  to  the  caseation  and 
breaking  down  of  lung  tissues.  The  resistance  built 
up  by  the  body  around  a  tubercle  and  around  a  cavity 
are  similar  in  construction  and  formation,  and  there 
is  a  unity  of  resemblance  in  the  healing  processes  pre- 
sented in  the  various  forms  of  phthisis  and  tubercu- 
losis which  seems  to  correspond  in  its  completeness 
to  the  amount  of  nutrition  in  the  system.  In  the  weak- 
ened under-nourished  patient  the  advances  of  the  dis- 
ease are  more  rapid,  and  the  resistance  and  repara- 
tive processes  lessen;  on  the  other  hand,  in  the  par- 
tially well-nourished  patient,  who  is  living  out  of  doors 
and  with  a  good  appetite,  the  resisting  powers  and 
reparative  forces  take  place  to  a  greater  extent  and 
often  overcome  the  disease. 

Epithelium  Cells  Loaded  With  Fat  Precede  the  Disappear- 
ance of  the  Bacilli  in  Tuberculosis. 

Characteristic  of  the  tubercle  and  caseous  inflamma- 
tory diseases  of  the  lungs  are  the  large  epithelial  cells 
swollen  with  fatty  substance,  and  this  precedes  casea- 
tion, during  which  process  the  bacilli  often  disappear. 
If  there  is  no  fat  eaten  in  our  diet  and  the  fat  tissue  of 
the  body  has  been  exhausted  of  its  oil,  then  no  oil  can 
be  gathered  by  these  cells,  and  their  contents  is  more 
serous  and  the  destruction  of  bacilli  less  marked. 

From  where  do  these  cells  and  connective  tissue 
come?  Various  opinions  have  been  held,  and  where 
there  are  so  many  opinions  there  is  uncertainty,  but 
they  can  come  only  from  one  place,  the  blood,  and  if 
the  blood  is  poor  in  nutrition,  poor  in  cell  activity, 


132  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

jDoor  in  fat  and  other  constituents,  then  tuberculosis 
advances  rapidly,  for  nature  has  not  the  means  at  her 
disposal  to  overcome  the  disease;  on  the  other  hand, 
if  ive  furnish  this  nutrition  through  subcutaneous  in- 
jections of  oil  (since  the  patient  will  rarely  eat  suffi- 
cient fats,  and  if  he  does  they  may  not  he  absorbed 
until  his  assimilation  is  trained) , tog  ether  with  a  proper 
diet,  ive  have  the  material  for  the  cure  of  the  disease, 
since  oil  injected  subcutaneously  increases  the  groivth 
of  all  the  cellular  constituents  of  the  blood  and  fur- 
nishes material  for  the  formation  of  connective  tissue, 
and  for  the  nutrition  of  the  lung.  We  can  noiv  see  how 
subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  meet  every  pathological 
condition  of  tuberculosis  in  a  physiological  manner  and 
according  to  nature's  immutable  latvs.  The  proof  of 
their  value  is  found  in  the  fact  that  they  cure,  and 
thus  proves  all  that  we  have  said  in  theory. 


CHAPTER  XI. 

FAT  THE  GERM  DESTROYER  AND   EQUALIZER  OF 
THE  BODY,  WITH  ESPECIAL  REFERENCE  TO 
OILS  AND  PATS  IN  THE  PREVENTION 
AND  CURE  OF  TUBERCULOSIS. 

Fats  and  Oils  as  Germ  Destroyers  and  Equalizers. 

In  the  fat  of  the  body  we  have  one  of  its  own  great- 
est antiseptics,  its  greatest  disease  germ  destroyer,  and 
a  substance  which  in  the  body  fermentations  is  an 
equalizer.  The  common  disease  germs  will  not  grow 
in  oil ;  the  substance  for  their  growth  and  propagation 
is  not  present,  for  in  the  body  they  increase  at  the  ex- 
pense of  its  nitrogenous  parts. 

Oil  Destroys  Yeast  Germs. 

The  volatile  oils  such  as  the  oils  of  cloves,  cin- 
namon, creosote,  and  of  plants,  have  long  been 
known  and  used  as  antiseptics,  but  the  so-called 
fixed  oils  and  the  fat  of  the  body  have  not  been 
credited  with  antispetic  powers.  Fixed  oils,  such  as 
the  common  oils  of  fruits  and  nuts,  as  olive  oil,  and 
peanut  oil,  or  cocoanut  oil,  and  animal  oils,  as  sperm 
and  lard  oils,  will  not  ferment  from  yeast,  but,  on  the 
other  hand,  renders  yeast  entirely  inactive.  If  we 
take  a  cake  of  yeast  and  immerse  it  in  olive  oil,  it  has 
no  fermentive  effect  upon  the  oil,  and  if  removed  after 
the  lapse  of  a  little  time,  the  yeast  has  lost  its  life 
and  fermentative  power.  Then  to  these  strong  fer- 
mentative germs,  oil  is  a  true  antiseptic  and  germicide. 

133 


134  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

In  the  tissues  of  the  body,  this  power  of  oil  to  prevent 
the  growth  of  fermentative  germs  is  the  power  which 
equalizes  and  prevents  the  too  rapid  growth  of  these 
germs,  which  are  necessary  to  life,  but  which,  if  car- 
ried too  far,  would  assiune  pathological  conditions,  and 
overwhelm  the  body.  There  are  conditions  and  perhaps 
germs  which  lead  to  a  change  in  oil,  and  as  a  result 
glycerin  and  their  corresponding  fatty  acids  are  lib- 
erated, but  the  germ  which  has  started  this  process 
in  the  oil  disappears  under  the  action  of  still  stronger 
antiseptic  properties  of  oil  thus  created.  It  is  said 
that  (1)  unknown  germs  cause  neutral  fats  to  take  up 
water  and  split  into  glycerin,  while  glycerin  is  capable 
of  undergoing  several  fermentations  according  to  the 
fungus  which  acts  upon  it,  but  through  this  action  the 
germ  disappears.  It  is  the  putrescent  substance  with 
which  the  oil  has  been  associated  which  has  caused  the 
change  in  the  oil  and  the  development  of  still  stronger 
antiseptic  properties,  which  finally  overcome  the 
germ.  Oil  in  itself  is  said  to  possess  an  organic  fer- 
ment which  splits  it  into  glycerin,  and  that  the  oxygen 
of  the  air  may  set  the  glycerin  free,  inasmuch  as  these 
processes  go  on  without  our  being  able  to  find  the 
presence  of  a  germ,  all  of  which  may  possess  truth  in 
itself. 

Oil  Destroys  Tubercle  Baccilli,  and  Other  Disease  Geriiis, 
and  Prevents  Their  Growth. 

Oil  will  completely  inhibit  the  growth  of  the  tuber- 
cle bacilli,  cause  their  death  and  dissolution,  and  if  suffi- 
cient time  be  given,  the  germ  will  be  completely  dis- 
solved or  oxidized,  and  will  disappear.  These  proc- 
esses which  I  have  carried  on  outside  of  the  body 
for  experimental  purposes   should  be  carried  on  in 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  135 

the  body  in  the  prevention  of  fermentation  of  the 
waste  of  the  lungs.  Fats  and  oils  are  excreted  by  the 
lungs  principally,  of  which  we  will  speak  more  in 
detail  later.  If  from  the  culture  media  we  take  a 
given  quantity  of  tubercle  bacilli,  and  transplant  them 
into  oil,  they  become  inactive  and  will  not  reproduce 
when  placed  in  their  most  suitable  culture  media  and 
incubator,  and  finally,  if  sujfficient  time  is  given,  they 
disappear  altogether  as  tubercle  germs.  Olive  oil,  as 
is  well-known,  has  frequently  been  used  as  an  antidote 
to  the  poisonous  effects  of  cantharides  (Spanish  flies), 
although  the  oil  dissolves  and  takes  up  cantharidin. 
As  the  healthy,  well  nourished  body  stores  oil  in  fat 
tissue,  and  between  its  muscular  fibers  and  around  and 
in  many  other  tissues,  the  importance  of  this  fat  can 
not  be  overestimated,  since  it  not  only  is  a  substance 
which  may  be  drawn  upon  to  supply  the  needs  of  the 
body  to  a  greater  extent,  and  more  readily  than  any 
other  tissue,  but  it  also  is  a  substance  capable  of  ren- 
dering disease  germs  inactive,  and  is  not  fermentable 
by  common  fermentative  germs.  We  thus  see  that 
fat  is  Nature's  antiseptic. 

Any  butcher  will  tell  you  that  fat  beef  will  keep  for 
a  long  period,  compared  to  the  short  time  it  will  take 
thin  beef  to  spoil.  Thin  beef  soon  becomes  slimy  and 
decomposes  quickly. 

Pure  Rancid  Oils  Do  Not  Contain  Germs. 

Fats  and  oils  may  become  rancid  from  oxidation, 
(2)  whereby  fatty  acid  and  glycerin  may  be  developed, 
and  although  it  resembles  putrefaction,  no  character- 
istic bacteria  could  (3)  be  recognized  by  the  micro- 
scopic or  culture  methods,  nor  could  the  rancidity  of 
fresh  fats  be  hastened  by  infection  with  rancid  samples. 


136  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

When  (4)  olive  oil  is  heated  to  220°  C,  it  becomes 
lighter  and  nearly  colorless,  and,  at  the  same  time, 
rancid.  The  change  of  fresh  oil  to  rancidity  is  also 
brought  about  by  the  solution  of  germs  from  the  nitro- 
genous products,  and  of  material  other  than  oil.  The 
reason  that  germs  are  seldom  or  ever  found  is  from 
the  fact  that  they  can  not  develop,  but  undergo  disso- 
lution and  solution.  It  is  said  that  some  people  can 
not  eat  oils  and  fats,  for  the  reason  that  the  germs  of 
the  alimentary  cankl  change  the  oil  into  glycerin  and 
fatty  acids  and  soaps,  and  that  they  thus  pass  out 
with  the  stools  undigested.  Clinically  speaking,  how- 
ever, if  these  same  patients  persist  in  taking  oil,  it 
will  soon  be  digested.  Then,  have  conditions  changed, 
and  have  the  germs  been  overcome  by  the  products  of 
the  oil  which  they  have  produced,  as  the  glycerin, 
which  is  known  to  be  mildly  antiseptic?  The  patient 
with  a  foul  breath  and  stomach  experiences  a  pleasing 
relief  when  he  adds  oil  to  his  daily  diet. 

Fresh  Oils  May  Be  Obtained  from  Putrescent  Substances. 

Rancid  oils  and  butter  may  be  rendered  fresh  again 
by  washing.  The  substance  foreign,  if  such  exists,  may 
be  separated.  An  example  of  obtaining  fresh  oil  from 
decaying  matter  is  found  in  factories  where  animal 
matter  is  rendered  for  its  oil.  Olives,  too,  are  allowed 
to  undergo  an  over-ripening  before  the  oil  is  extracted. 
Cod  liver  oil  is  rendered  in  some  cases  from  decayed 
livers,  and  the  dark  oil  thus  obtained  was  formerly 
(5)  esteemed  most  highly,  though  little  given  now,  on 
account  of  its  very  disagreeable  taste. 

(1)     Landols    and    Stirling:    Text    Book    of  Physiology.       (2)     Dulaux : 

Comptes  Rendns.  (3)  Reference  Handbook  of  The  Medical  Sciences,  Vol. 
VI.,  p.  113.      (4)   IT.  S.  Pharmacopia. 

(5)   Wood:    Therapeutics,  Its  Principles  and  Practice. 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  137 

Milk  possesses  a  ferment  which  is  capable  of  digest- 
ing itself  and  is  usually  infected  with  myriads  of 
germs.  Perhaps  many  of  them  are  beneficial  rather 
than  harmful  (unless  the  milk  is  infected  with  disease- 
breeding  germs,  such  as  typhoid,  scarlet  fever,  tubercu- 
losis, etc.),  yet  these  germs  do  not  affect  the  fat  of 
the  milk,  for  when  separated  from  nitrogenous  prod- 
ucts upon  which  the  germs  live,  as  in  making  butter 
from  soured  cream,  we  may  obtain  sweet  oil. 

While  bacteria  are  desirable  allies  to  the  butter 
maker,  and  in  development  of  the  milk,  they  are  not  a 
part  of  the  true  fat,  but  of  the  nitrogenous  products 
clinging  to  and  incorporated  with  the  fat,  and  as  such 
give  flavor  to  the  butter,  which  would  otherwise  be 
considered  flat.  The  same  is  true  of  butter  which  has 
undergone  putrefaction,  for  this  butter,  by  washing, 
again  yields  sweet  oil.  Cheese  composed  of  fat  and 
nitrogenous  matter,  depends  for  its  flavor  upon  the 
germs  which  develop  in  its  nitrogenous  part,  and,  per- 
haps, in  some  cases  to  change  in  its  oily  parts,  but  it 
is  noteworthy  that  the  germs  which  affect  it  in  time 
disappear,  that  the  multiplication  of  bacteria  in  cheese 
is  comparatively  slow.  In  cream,  where  the  nitrog- 
enous part  is  greatly  in  excess,  they  multiply  with 
prodigious  rapidity,  increasing  as  much  as  six  hun- 
dred to  a  thousand-fold  within  twenty-four  hours,  but 
with  cheese,  while  the  bacteria  increase  for  some 
weeks,  such  increase  is  very  slow,  and  after  a  time 
comes  to  an  end,  and  toward  the  close  of  the  ripening 
period  the  bacteria  are  greatly  diminished,  while  at  the 
end  there  may  not  be  even  a  single  species  or  a  very 
small  number.  The  oil  of  the  cheese  has  maintained 
the  equilibrium  of  fermentation  of  the  cheese,  and  in 


138  KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

the  same  way  the  fat  of  the  body  maintains  equilib- 
rium of  fermentation. 

l^he  finest  Italian  wines,  contrary  to  the  usual 
instruction  of  placing  the  bottle  on  its  side  to  prevent 
evaporation  and  other  changes,  are  preserved  by  plac- 
ing a  small  amount  of  oil  in  the  neck  of  the  bottle, 
which  is  placed  upright.  The  oil  preserves  the  wine 
from  over-aging  and  destructive  changes.  Eecent 
experiments  which  I  have  made  point  to  the  fact  that 
urine  may  be  preserved  in  the  same  manner  for  a  con- 
siderable time  with  little  change. 

All  Forms  of  Life  Have  Their  Enemies. 

The  body  in  itself  has  its  friends  and  its  enemies  in 
the  form  of  germs.  Thus  we  have  the  fermentative 
germs  of  the  intestinal  tract,  which  perform  and  aid 
digestion,  but  when  these  increase  above  normal  quan- 
tities they  become  enemies.  If  they  in  turn  had  no 
enemies  either  organic  or  inorganic,  this  form  of  life 
would  increase  so  as  to  overwhelm  the  body.  That 
which  is  true  of  the  body  is  also  true  of  its  organs, 
which  in  themselves  constitute  smaller  creations.  Some 
diseases  may  be  due  to  an  over  increase  of  germs,  which 
in  limited  numbers  are  essential  to  the  body  functions, 
but  which  meeting  no  enemy,  and  no  resistance,  have 
increased  at  the  expense  of  the  organ,  and  either 
through  themselves  or  the  products  of  their  fermenta- 
tion, have  supplied  the  soil  and  food  condition  for  other 
germs  to  thrive  in.  Fats  help  to  maintain  this  equi- 
librium of  fermentation,  of  health  from  disease.  Wliat 
wax  (a  fatty  substance)  is  to  honey  in  its  preservation 
so  is  fat  to  the  body. 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  139 

Heat  and  Nutrition. 

In  the  animal  body,  oils  and  fats  as  food  furnish 
two  and  one-half  times  as  much  force  and  heat  as  any 
other  substance  used  as  food.  If  other  foods  must 
take  their  place  in  the  supply  of  this  heat,  we  can  see 
from  the  more  circuitous  process  through  which  the 
digestion  of  foods  other  than  fats  must  pass  before 
their  conversion  into  heat,  that  they  must  lose  some  of 
their  value. 

Wlien  food  is  not  taken  in  sufficient  quantities  with 
fat  in  the  right  proportion,  or  for  any  reason  is  not 
digested,  then  to  maintain  the  force  and  heat  of  the 
body  the  blood  must  draw  from  food  poorer  in  heat 
producing  qualities  at  the  expense  of  the  body  tissues, 
and  for  this  reason  we  meet  with  many  under-nour- 
ished people.     When  heat  and  force  must  be  drawn 
from  the  bodily  tissues,  where  for  the  time  being  suf- 
ficient food  is  not  eaten,  as  in  the  hibernating  animals, 
the  fat  of  the  body  yields  first  and  foremost  to  supply 
this  so  that  the  body  may  maintain  its  normal  temper- 
ature, so  essential  to  health,  and  the  prevention  of 
disease,  but  when  the  body  draws  upon  its  own  tissues 
to  supply  heat  and  force,  there  is  lowered  vitality,  and 
consequently  lowered  resistance  to  the  invasion  and 
growth  of  germs,  and  there  is  less  fat  in  proportion 
to  the  nitrogeneous  parts  upon  which  the  germs  thrive. 
The  fat  between  the  muscle  fibers  is  exhausted,  and, 
as  a  consequence,  there  is  no  resistance  to  fermenta- 
tion in  any  of  the  tissues  of  the  body  by  the  oil ;  but, 
on  the  other  hand,  we  have  every  condition  of  the 
body  favorable  to  fermentative  changes,  there  being 
no  fat  in  the  blood,  and  no  fat  in  the  tissues,  which 
are  lowered  in  vitality,  and  composed  of  such  material 


140  KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

as  disease  germs  feed  upon.  Such  changes  are  con- 
tradictory to  health,  and  permit  the  attack  of  various 
bacte?ia  to  which  the  body  would  otherwise  be  proof. 
Under  these  conditions  it  is  no  wonder  that  fermenta- 
tive germs  may  increase  beyond  their  normal  function, 
and  give  rise  to  conditions  favorable  to  the  entrance 
of  disease  germs. 
Body  Heat  a  Necessity  for  the  Prevention  of  Disease. 
If  for  any  reason  too  much  heat  is  detracted 
from  the  body,  as  too  rapid  evaporation  of  perspira- 
tion from  sitting  in  a  draft,  or  the  cooling  of  bodily 
tissues  from  the  same  or  insufficient  clothing,  or  a  lack 
of  proper  food  to  supply  the  heat,  then  we  take  a 
"cold,"  of  greater  or  less  severity,  affecting  the  mu- 
cous membranes,  more  perceptibly  of  the  respiratory 
organs,  and  giving  rise  to  the  excessive  flow  of  mucus, 
and  if  conditions  which  have  lowered  the  heat,  con- 
tinue, then  the  "cold"  may  become  more  severe,  and 
result  in  death,  or  in  chronic  disease  of  the  lungs  often 
resembling  tuberculosis,  indeed,  from  which  tubercu- 
losis may  arise,  as  a  rich  soil  for  its  production  exists. 
The  necessity  of  normal  body  heat  for  health  is  there- 
fore evident.  Thus  the  proper  amount  of  heat-produc- 
ing foods  in  our  diet  increase  our  vital  forces  against 
disease. 

Composition  of  Body  Fat. 

Human  fat  consists  of  the  three  glycerides,  pla- 
matin,  stearin  and  olein.  Fat  tissue  consists  of  little 
bladders  of  vesicles  of  connective  tissue,  and  may  be 
regarded  as  an  altered  connective  tissue  corpuscle, 
which  has  become  vacuolated,  and  holds  oil.  Around 
the  cell  and  globule  of  oil  is  a  thin  layer  of  protoplasm. 
These  become  larger  and  more  numerous,  are  held 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  141 

together  by  connective  tissue,  and  supplied  by  at  least 
one  artery  and  two  veins  to  each  composite  globule. 
The  bulk  and  richness  of  the  fat  fluctuates  with  the 
demands  of  the  system  for  heat,  when  such  foods  as 
are  necessary  for  its  production  are  not  in  the 
daily  diet.  If  an  animal  such  as  a  hog  is  deprived 
of  all  fat  from  its  diet,  then  its  adipose  becomes 
atrophied,  and  there  exists  only  a  cellular  struc- 
ture, free  from  oil,  the  same  as  has  been  noted 
in  man.  When  an  animal  is  deprived  of  food,  the  fat 
cells  rapidly  give  up  their  oil  to  maintain  heat  and 
vitality;  the  cells  of  the  fat,  however,  remain,  though 
diminished  in  size.  If  they  are  partly  well  fed,  even 
the  protoplasm  may  grow,  and  the  vacuoles  may  be- 
come filled  with  serous  fluid,  and  they  are  then  called 
serous  fat  cells.  For  this  reason,  all  so-called  fat 
people  are  not  healthy. 

Reasons  Why  All  Fat  People  Are  Not  Healthy. 

For  the  above  reason,  and  for  other  reasons  which 
I  shall  now  briefly  enumerate,  all  fat  people  are  not 
healthy,  but  the  person  who  keeps  his  adipose  from 
the  eating  of  oils  and  fats  is  healthy,  unless  he  should 
change  his  diet  to  farinaceous  foods,  when  the  fat 
might  become  serous  and  lack  in  oil,  the  essential  part 
for  heat  and  force.  Then  fat  derived  from  the  eating 
of  foods  other  than  oil  and  fat  is  not  so  rich  in  its  oily 
constituents,  and  these  people  again  are  not  so  healthy 
as  those  who  derive  their  fat  from  fat  foods  and  oils. 
The  healthy  person  is  one  whose  fat  is  firm  with  oil, 
and  this  comes  principally  from  fat  foods ;  on  the  other 
hand,  the  person  who  derives  his  fat  from  foods  other 
than  oil  is  more  apt  to  be  "flabby,"  possessing  a  more 
serous  rather  than  oil  fat. 


142  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

.  Adipose  Tissue  Has  Not  Received  the  Study  from 
Physiologists  It  Merits. 

The  physiological  use  of  the  adipose  tissue  of  the 
body  and  its  relation  to  the  prevention  of  disease  has 
not  received  the  study  which  it  merits,  though  it  is 
only  possible  for  me  to  direct  the  attention  of  physiol- 
ogists who  should  make  more  detailed  studies  as  to  the 
relation  of  adipose  tissue  to  other  more  vital  tissues  of 
the  body  than  is  given  in  any  of  the  text  books  on 
physiology.  At  the  present  time  it  requires  long  and 
patient  search  of  special  articles  on  this  subject  mostly 
by  foreign  physiologists,  and  then  it  is  only  possible 
to  glean  a  few  facts  from  each  article,  there  being  no 
thorough  and  complete  study  as  a  whole  on  this  sub- 
ject. After  reviewing  all  of  the  literature  on  the  sub- 
ject of  adipose  tissue,  obesity,  et  hoc  genus  omne,  and 
from  careful  observations  of  people  and  disease,  I  am 
able  to  draw  the  following  conclusions  as  set  forth  in 
this  paper. 

Too  much  attention  is  given  to  the  nonsense  that 
fat  is  a  disease.  Our  most  conscientious  physicians 
who  make  a  specialty  of  reducing  obesity  agree  that 
it  is  not  a  disease  until  it  reaches  such  proportions  as 
to  interfere  with  the  circulation  and  other  organs,  and 
even  then,  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word,  it  is  not  a  dis- 
ease, and  the  reduction  of  obesity  must  be  done  slowly 
and  with  great  care  lest  harmful  results  follow.  As  a 
rule,  this  is  done  to  please  the  patient's  esthetic  sense 
rather  than  for  health. 

Simplest  Use  to  Protect  the  Vitality  of  Tissues  and  Thus 
Enable  Them  to  Throw  Off  Disease. 

That  adipose  tissue  is  useful  and  that  one  of  its 
functions  is  the  prevention  of  disease  can  not  be  denied 


KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  143 

by  any  one  who  will  give  it  even  brief  consideration. 
Fat,  by  covering  the  body,  protects  it  from  cold  and 
the  effects  of  cold,  which  are  many.  To  illustrate  this, 
we  may  refer  to  the  incident  related  by  that  eminent 
physician,  T.  Lauder  Brunton,  M.  D.,  F.  R.  S.,  pub- 
lished in  the  Practitioner,  of  London,  1878,  of  the  then 
champion  swimmer  of  England,  Johnson,  who  at- 
tempted to  swim  the  English  Channel,  but  his  strength 
failed,  and  when  he  was  lifted  into  the  boat  by  those 
who  accompanied  him,  his  limbs  hung  utterly  power-- 
less,  which  seemed  to  be  due  not  so  much  from  real 
muscular  exhaustion,  but  to  the  effect  of  cold.  Later 
the  same  feat  was  tried  by  Captain  Welch,  and  many 
predicted  that  he  would  fail,  not  on  account  of  lack 
of  physical  endurance,  but  on  accoimt  of  cold.  Welch 
was  fat;  he  succeeded  in  the  attempt,  and  Brunton 
concludes  that  this  was  largely  due  to  the  thick  coat  of 
subcutaneous  fat  which  covered  him.  When  bodily  tis- 
sue cools  down  from  exposure  to  cold  water  or  any 
other  influence,  we  know  that  the  muscles  refuse  to  co- 
ordinate; the  nerves  which  supply  them  do  not  con- 
vey the  impulses  and  the  muscles  will  not  respond. 
From  this  we  are  to  conclude  that  fat  protects  the 
body  when  exposed,  which  protection  keeps  the  other 
tissues  from  exhaustion,  and  thus  from  their  own  pro- 
tected vitality  they  are  better  able  to  repair  their 
wastes  and  throw  off  disease ;  but  this  is  the  most  sim- 
ple and  the  least  of  the  physiological  uses  of  adipose 
tissue. 

Adipose  Tissue  the  Wealth  of  the  Body,  Its  Greatest  Use 
Being  for  Diseased  and  Famished  Tissues. 

The  greater  use  of  adipose  tissue  is  to  prevent  dis- 
ease and  to  serve  as  a  supply  of  nutriment  for  other 


144  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

more  vital  tissues  of  the  body,  to  all  of  which  it  is  in- 
timately connected.  To  illustrate  this,  let  ns  take  some 
of  the  cases  of  fasting  that  have  been  recorded. 
Fasting-  for  experimental  purposes  has  been  carried 
on  through  the  lower  animals,  and,  of  course,  if  con- 
tinued, results  in  starvation.  If  all  food  is  withheld, 
all  tissues  must  yield  their  fat  and  other  nutriment  to 
carr}^  on  these  functions.  Adipose  tissue  yields  first 
and  most  to  co-operate  with  other  more  functional 
vital  tissues,  and  it  would,  therefore,  seem  that  this 
tissue  was  stored  up  in  the  body  to  feed  these  other 
tissues  in  case  of  need  or  necessity,  as  in  waisting 
diseases  or  in  the  hibernating  animals.  In  animals 
which  are  partly  starved  there  is  a  large  waste  of 
bodily  tissue,  first  principally  fat,  and  then  of  the 
glandular  organs  engaged  in  metabolic  activity. 

A  Healthy  Person  {Should  Not  Develop  Too  Much 
Adipose  Tissue. 

We  should  not  develop  too  much  fat  tissue,  but 
rather  a  moderate  amount  of  rich  fat  tissue,  thus  mak- 
ing ourselves  immune  from  many  diseases,  pro- 
viding that  we  take  exercise  enough  to  keep  up 
good  muscular  strength,  and  breathe  deep  enough 
to  carry  on  a  sufficient  o;xidation  and  transformation 
of  fat  tissue.  'We  often  see  men  engaged  in  sedentary 
occupations  who  have  become  so  adipose,  and  conse- 
quently heavy  that  their  undevelopied  muscles  become 
tired  very  easily  when  more  than  their  customary 
work  is  performed,  because  of  the  great  weight  of  fat 
which  they  carry,  and  because  of  their  unusual  work, 
and  this  we  observe  more  particularly  in  those  whose 
fat  is  built  up  largely  from  farinaceous  foods,  and  the 
flabby,  watery,  beer  fat,  rather  than  those  whose  fat  is 


Case  XXIV.  Mr.  E.  J.  G.,  who  gained  6  pouuds,  recovered  from 
pulmonary  tuberculosis  and  remains  well.  He  resumed  his  occupa- 
tion. Treatment:  Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil.  His  life  was 
renewed. 


Case  XLI.  Mr.  A.  P.,  Chicago.  This  gentleman  had  acute  tuber- 
culosis of  both  lungs.  Temperature  102  mornings  and  afternoons. 
He  is  in  perfect  health.  He  made  a  total  gain  in  weight  of  32  pounds. 
Treatment:     Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil.    His  life  was  renewed. 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  145 

built  up  from  fat  and  oil  foods,  and,  as  a  consequence, 
rich  in  oil,  and  firm. 

If  we  wish  the  greatest  protection  to  our  lungs  a 
moderate  amount  of  adipose  development  is  desirable, 
but  we  should  never  allow  the  adipose  to  develop  to 
such  an  extent  as  to  become  a  burden,  and  a  tiresome 
load  to  the  system,  for  when  once  developed  we  can 
not  reduce  it  without  great  caution,  or  health  will  be 
interfered  with.  If  the  diet  is  too  meagre,  and  the 
exercise  too  great,  then  gall  stones  may  develop,  and 
as  the  oily  or  watery  part  of  the  fat  tissue  only  is  re- 
duced, leaving  the  connective  tissue,  or  atrophied  fat 
tissue,  as  it  is  called,  the  fuel  from  our  storehouse 
becomes  greatly  reduced.  It  would  have  been  better 
not  to  have  allowed  the  fat  tissue  to  have  over-devel- 
oped, which  could  have  been  done  easily,  when  suffi- 
cient adipose  had  been  developed,  by  breathing  prop- 
erly, and  with  moderate  exercise.  On  the  other  hand, 
when  the  lungs  become  once  chronically  diseased,  we 
need  have  little  fear  of  over-development  of  fat  tissue. 
Healthy,  rich,  oily  fat  and  tuberculosis  are  an- 
tagonistic, and  directly  opposite  conditions  prevail. 
If  the  tubercular  patient  becomes  sufficiently  nourished 
he  becomes  well.  If  he  had  eaten  sufficient  of  fat  and 
heat-producing  foods  he  never  would  have  had  tuber- 
culosis ;  therefore,  when  the  lungs  once  become  chroni- 
cally diseased,  or  tubercular,  fats  and  oils  must  be 
crowded  to  the  greatest  extent,  and  this  can  only  be 
done  with  the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil. 


CHAPTEE  XII. 

LUNG  EXCRETION  AS  RELATED  TO  TUBERCULOSIS 
—THE  BODY  HEAT  AND  FORCE— FAT  FOODS 
IN  THEIR  MAINTENANCE  FOR  THE  PRE- 
VENTION OF  TUBERCULOSIS. 

The  Excretions, 

The  excretions  of  the  body  are  in  main  carried 
away  through  the  feces,  by  action  of  the  intestines,  the 
urine,  by  action  of  the  l^idneys.  the  perspiration  from 
the  skin,  water  and  gases  from  the  lungs. 

The  feces  consist  principally  of  the  undigested,  un- 
assimilated  parts  of  the  food  taken  into  the  alimentary 
canal,  while  the  other  excretions  are  end  products  of 
food,  after  assimilation.  Xitrogenous  foods  are  ex- 
creted mostly  in  the  urine,  while  the  hydro-carbons 
and  carbo-hydrons  assimilated,  are  excreted  mostly  by 
the  lungs,  the  fats  Ijeing  oxydized.  and  excreted  as 
carbon  and  hydrogen. 

Excretion  of  Lungs. 

The  lungs  excrete  from  six  to  twenty-seven  ounces 
of  water  each  twenty-four  hours,  the  amoimt  being 
governed  by  circumstances  anii  surroundings,  such  as 
the  amount  of  air  respired,  the  dryness  of  the  air.  for 
the  dryer  the  air  the  more  water  expired :  the  temper- 
ature of  the  air.  for  the  lower  it  is  the  less  amount  of 
water  expired,  and  the  length  of  the  respirations,  for 
the  air  in  rapid  respirations  does  not  have  time  to 

146 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  147 

become  saturated  with  the  watery  vapor.  The  average 
amount  of  water  excreted  by  the  lungs  is  from  nine 
to  ten  ounces,  with  some  carbonic  acid,  free  ammonia, 
and  a  minute  amount  of  organic  matter. 

Co-Relation  of  Excretory  Organs. 

This  excretion  from  the  lungs  may  vary,  according 
to  conditions,  and  the  workings  of  the  skin  and  kidneys. 
Where  the  kidneys  refuse  to  work,  as  in  uremia,  the 
odor  of  urea  is  prominent  in  the  breath  and  secretions 
of  the  skin.  Sweetish  odor  of  the  breath  is  also  often 
characteristic  of  diabetics.  If,  for  any  reason,  the 
body  is  cooled  too  rapidly,  the  perspiration  and  kidney 
functions  are  often  checked  to  such  an  extent  that  they 
do  not  carry  off  the  organic  matter  which  they  should, 
some  of  which  may  then  be  carried  off  by  the  lungs. 
Even  anger,  strong  emotions,  and  fear  may  increase 
or  check  excretions. 

Cold,  exposure,  want  of  food,  want  of  sleep,  and 
irregular  habits,  all  tend  to  weaken  vitality,  and  alter 
excretions.  The  conditions  of  the  body  as  to  health, 
and  its  reserve  store  of  adipose,  and  other  individual 
conditions  at  the  time  of  exposure,  may  either  exag- 
gerate the  action  of  cold  or  augment  the  force  of  re- 
sistance. We  all  know,  from  personal  experience, 
that  when  the  body  cools  too  rapidly  we  are  very  likely 
to  take  a  ''cold,"  characterized  by  the  formation  of 
mucus  from  the  membrane  of  the  throat,  or  if  more 
severe,  of  the  lungs,  and  if  the  system  is  "run  down," 
this  cold  may  result  in  acute  disease,  bronchitis,  or 
pneumonia,  or  it  may  become  chronic,  and  after  the 
lapse  of  a  few  months  it  is  very  general  to  find  the 
tubercle  bacilli. 


148  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

Fermentation  of  Lung  Excretions. 

-J 

The  loss  of  heat  which  the  body  sustained  from 

exposure,  or  lack  of  heat-producing  foods,  and  which 
resulted  in  the  "cold,"  may  have  caused  a  condensa- 
tion of  the  watery  products  of  the  breath,  which,  be- 
cause of  checked  excretion  from  the  skin  and'  kidneys, 
may  have  contained  more  organic  material  and  given 
rise  to  a  species  of  fermentation,  or  the  soil  for  germ 
development,  and  thus,  ' '  The  condensed  aqueous  vapor 
is  found  soon  to  decompose,  and  to  contain  substances 
which  are  of  a  poisonous  nature." — Kirk:  Text  Book 
of  Phys.,  p.  283. 

One  of  the  first  symptoms  of  "taking  cold"  is  to 
sneeze;  we  do  this  to  expel  condensed  watery  vapor, 
later  we  may  cough.  As  vapor  rises  it  would  be  more 
likely  to  condense  in  the  apex  of  the  lungs,  as  vapor 
formed  there  would  not  have  so  good  a  chance  of  escape 
as  if  rising  from  lower  in  the  lungs.  As  the  body  has 
lost  heat  from  exposure,  the  "cold"  affects  the  mucous 
membrane  of  our  breathing  organs,  and,  unless  the 
body  is  supplied  with  sufficient  heat-producing  energy 
food,  it  will  not  be  able  to  overcome  the  acute  condi- 
tion, which  then  becomes  chronic,  and  often  tubercular. 
On  the  other  hand,  no  acute  cold  may  have  taken  place 
before  the  implantation  of  the  tubercle  bacilli,  or  other 
germs,  but  these  have  found  soil  in  which  to  grow, 
because  of  the  lowered  vitality  of  tissues,  and  lowered 
heat  excretion,  the  degree  and  extent  of  which  greatly 
influence  the  extent  of  development  and  pathology  of 
disease.  Thus  the  tubercle  may  n®t  be  inflamed,  may 
undergo  cheesy,  or  fatty  degeneration  with  disap- 
pearance of  the  germ,  and  be  expelled,  not  causing 
any  sjnnptoms  whatever,  other  than  the  lowered  vi- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  149 

tality.  The  tubercle  bacilli  may  give  rise  to  a  wide 
variation  of  pathological  conditions,  from  chronic 
fibrous  phthisis  to  acute,  or  chronic  miliary  tuberculo- 
sis, and  with  many  phases  of  resistance,  by  which  the 
body  has  endeavored  to  fortify  the  remaining  healthy 
tissues,  all  corresponding  to  the  energy  arid  vitality 
of  the  body,  which  in  the  lungs  must  depend  more  than 
any  other  tissue  of  the  body  upon  the  amount  of  heat 
the  body  is  able  to  give  and  maintain,  since  lack  of 
heat,  producing  a  "cold,"  affects  the  mucous  membrane 
of  the  respirating  organs  more  than  any  other  of  the 
body.  In  the  Manual  of  Human  Physiology,  by  Lan- 
dois  and  Sterling,  1891,  the  effects  of  a  sudden  change 
of  temperature,  from  warm  to  cold,  are  noted  upon  rab- 
bits, which,  when  taken  from  a  surrounding  tempera- 
ture of  35°  C,  and  suddenly  cooled,  shivered  and 
diarrhea  resulted.  After  two  days  the  temperature 
rose  15°  C,  and  albuminuria  occurred,  and  there  were 
microscopic  traces  of  interstitial  inflammation  in  the 
kidneys,  liver,  lungs,  heart  and  nerve  sheaths,  the  di- 
lated arteries  of  the  liver  and  lungs  contained  thrombi, 
and  in  the  neighborhood  of  the  veins  were  accumulated 
leucocytes. 

It  will  be  seen  that  the  effects  of  cold  upon  a  rab- 
bit produce  many  of  the  pathological  changes  which 
are  noted  early  in  pulmonary  consumption,  such  as  al- 
buminuria, which  has  been  noted  as  a  frequent  fore- 
runner of  tuberculosis,  and  which  is  often  associated 
with  poor  fat  assimilation,  while  the  inflammation  of 
the  lungs,  and  other  vital  organs,  shows  how  they  have 
become  weakened  from  their  lack  of  the  proper  amount 
of  heat,  which  was  essential  for  their  health.  Though 
in  health  the  temperature  of  the  body  seldom  falls  be- 
low normal,  there  are  times  when  it  must  be  able  to 


150  KEYES:     THE  EENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

give  out  greater  heat  to  maintain  this  equilibrium  foi 
health. 

In  cold  climates  the  body  accustoms  itself  to  the 
production  of  more  heat,  and  such  people  have  better 
appetites  for  heat-producing  foods.  If  they  do  not  eat 
such  heat-producing  foods  then  they  are  very  much  af- 
fected by  the  cold,  are  thin,  anemic,  and  blue,  for  the 
blood  then  exhausts  the  elements  from  muscle  and  fat 
to  produce  the  heat  and  force  of  the  body;  even  the 
blood  yields  its  own  constituents  to  maintain  the  body 
heat,  and,  under  these  conditions,  we  see  why  the  body 
becomes  impoverished  and  bankrupt.  On  the  other 
hand  a  cold  climate  is  beneficial  in  the  production  of  a 
vigorous  constitution,  and  a  healthy  pair  of  lungs,  pro- 
viding we  live  upon  a  diet  sufficient  in  those  foods 
which  supply  heat,  most  prominent  of  which  is  fat.  If 
a  proper  diet,  composed  largely  of  heat-producing 
foods,  is  eaten,  then  a  cold  climate  soon  accustoms  the 
body  to  the  production  of  heat,  which  is  essential  to 
the  production  of  a  vigorous  vitality.  Thus  Arctic 
travelers,  becoming  accustomed  to  cold,  may  expose 
themselves  with  impunity,  and  even  comfort,  to  a  low 
temperature  that  would  be  attended  with  serious  re- 
sults in  a  Southern  latitude,  where  the  body  had  not 
accustomed  itself  to  the  production  of  heat,  and  where 
the  body  tissues  had  not  accustomed  themselves  to  be 
drawn  upon  to  supply  the  heat,  as  in  over-exposure. 
For  this  reason,  in  the  treatment  of  the  tubercular  I 
prefer  a  cold  climate.  Even  in  the  Southern  and 
Southwestern  States  it  is  found  that  the  tubercular  pa- 
tients make  more  rapid  headway  toward  health  during 
the  cold  winter  months. 

But  if  the  patient,  or  man,  does  not  eat  sufficient 
of  the  heat-producing  foods  then  a  cold  climate  is 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  151 

detrimental.  If  he  wishes  to  be  well  as  to  body  and 
lungs  he  must  train  his  appetite  to  the  use  of  heat 
foods,  otherwise  the  paralyzing  action  of  intense  cold 
leads  to  diminished  vitality  of  all  bodily  elements,  mak- 
ing the  system  liable,  particularly,  to  such  diseases  as 
affect  the  respiratory  tract,  and  this  lack  of  fats  in  the 
diet  is  the  cause  which  furnishes  tliie  soil  for  the  pro- 
duction of  tuberculosis. 

Further  Importance  of  Bodily  Heat. 

From  the  moment  we  are  born,  wrapped  in  our 
swaddling  clothes,  until  death,  all  efforts  to  preserve 
health  are  first  and  last  directed  to  prevent  taking  cold. 
Our  first  efforts  to  preserve  the  heat  which  the  body 
produces  is  by  clothing,  a  place  of  habitation,  and  by 
external  heat.  Unconscious  as  to  results,  and  the 
workings  of  the  great  human  machine,  most,  or  all 
people  with  chronic  lung  trouble  are  poor  firemen,  they 
do  not  feed  themselves  properly;  while  they  may  eat 
plenty  in  quantity,  and  supply  their  trained,  pam- 
pered appetites,^  they  do  not  eat  sufficient  of  the  heat- 
producing  foods,  which  are  so  important  to  maintain 
the  vital  functions  of  the  lungs,  their  force  and  resist- 
ance against  disease. 

The  effects  of  heat  applied  externally  are  partly 
known,  and  often  applied  in  every  household,  in  the 
form  of  hot  flat-irons  and  plates,  or  stones,  and  mod- 
ernly  by  the  hot-water  bag.  The  use  of  heat  by  ma- 
chines for  its  high  development  up  to  400°  F.,  applied 
to  affected  parts,  I  have  used  with  most  beneficial  re- 
sults to  relieve  pain  and  swelling  after  dislocations, 
and  to  produce  rapid  healing  of  fractures.  That  heat 
applied  externally  is  of  great  therapeutic  value  in 
many  cases,  that  proper  maintenance  of  body  heat  by 


152  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

sufficient  clothing  and  habitation  is  one  of  the  primary 
essentials  for  the  cure  of  disease,  is  apparent.  That 
the  niaintenance  of  normal  even  bodily  heat  is  impor- 
tant to  life,  we  have  evidence  in  the  incubator.  In  the 
reduction  and  loss  of  body  heat  there  is  a  correspond- 
ing reduction  of  vitality,  and  even  before  the  tempera- 
ture of  the  body  is  reduced  where  body  heat  is  deficient 
there  is  deficient  vitality  of  organs,  noticeable  prin- 
cipally and  first,  in  the  respiratory  organs. 

If  the  body  heat  is  not  maintained  at  an  even  tem- 
perature it  is  due,  in  the  case  of  fever,  to  diseased  con- 
ditions. When  the  temperature  is  lower  than  normal 
we  find  lowered  vitality,  and  conditions  favoring  the 
development  of  disease.  The  body  may  re-act  and  pro- 
duce fever  in  its  endeavor  to  rid  itself  of  the  patholog- 
ical disease,  but  in  this  case  its  source  of  heat  is  usual- 
ly drawn  from  the  tissues,  at  their  expense,  which  must 
waste  and  diminish  in  size ;  since  proper  food  has  not 
supplied  the  heat,  it  is  not  likely  that  the  patient  has 
any  fat  tissue  upon  his  body,  or  it  would  have  been 
drawn  upon  to  supply  the  necessary  heat  and  vitality, 
which  would  have  overcome  a  reasonable  amount  of 
exposure.  When  a  person  eats  a  proper  amount  of 
heat-producing  foods  he  is  better  enabled  to  ward  off 
disease  from  his  own  source  of  body  heat  and  vitality. 
T\lien  this  food  is  not  needed  by  the  system  it  is  stored 
up  as  fat  tissue  for  a  reserve  fund  of  fuel  upon  which 
the  body  may  draw  if  for  any  reason  the  person  should 
be  over-exposed.  By  its  own  thickness  fat  tissue  also 
protects  the  heat  of  internal  organs,  and  the  body. 

Adipose  Tissue  the  Stored  Fuel  of  the  Body— Healthy  and 
Unhealthy  Adipose. 

Every  well-nourished  person  should  possess  enough 

adipose  to  be  plump,  for  adipose  tissue  is  the  stored 


KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  153 

fuel  of  the  body,  and  a  protection,  the  least  of  its  uses 
being  to  protect  the  more  vital  tissues  from  cold,  and 
thus  from  their  own  protected  vitality,  preserve  heat 
and  health.  It  is  a  great  reserve  fund  stored,  from 
which  heat,  energy,  and  consequent  vitality  may  be 
drawn,  and  upon  it  is  dependent  greatly  the  force  and 
resistance  to  disease  of  all  organs,  and  more  particu- 
larly the  lungs.  It  is  as  easy  to  fatten  men  as  it  is  ani- 
mals ;  the  secret  lies  in  a  proper  diet,  but  the  fat  tissue 
which  protects  us  from  disease  is  that  which  is  derived 
from  fat  and  oil,  rather  than  that  derived  from  the 
assimilation  of  other  foods.  On  account  of  the  con- 
struction of  fat  tissue,  and  its  variation  of  cell  contents, 
from  oily  substance  to  watery,  serous  substance,  we 
can  readily  see  that  the  highest  degree  of  vitality  must 
come  from  that  which  has  most  substance  for  the  pro- 
duction of  heat  and  force,  and  that  the  heat  and  force 
would  not  be  derived  so  much  from  flabby  fat,  poor  in 
oil,  and  should  it  be  too  watery,  then  it  is  often  a  bur- 
den to  the  body,  a  drone,  requiring  to  be  fed  and  nour- 
ished, and  has  little  to  give  to  supply  the  blood,  which, 
under  these  conditions  may  become  anemic. 

Almost  all  consumptives,  if  not  all,  are  deficient  in 
heat  production  as  a  fore-runner  of  the  disease  be- 
cause they  have  not  eaten  sufficient  of  the  heat-pro- 
ducing foods,  fats  and  sugar. 

The  heat  of  the  body  should  be  maintained  by  the 
heat-producing  foods  which  we  eat,  in  order  to  protect 
the  tissues.  "We  must  also  wear  clothing  sufficient  for 
the  climate  in  which  we  live.  Warm,  dry  feet  are  one 
of  the  essentials  for  preserving  the  body  heat,  which 
may  then  be  used  for  the  increase  of  vitality,  instead 
of  warmth;  and  the  importance  of  proper  protection 
with  clothing,  that  the  heat  of  the  body  may  go  to 


154  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

maintain  vital  action  in  both  mind  and  body,  instead 
of  being  spent  to  maintain  heat  lost  through  evapora- 
tion, is  very  essential  in  the  preservation  of  health, 
the  prevention  of  mal-nutrition,  and  mis-appropria- 
tion of  body  nutrition,  the  prevention  of  catarrhal  dis- 
eases and  tuberculosis. 

Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  supply  the  fuel  for 
heat  and  vitality  which  is  lacking  in  all  mal-nourished 
conditions. 


CHAPTER  XIII. 

LUNG  DEVELOPMENT— THE  LUNGS  BOTH  GIVE  AND 

TAKE. 

It  is  agreed  that  when  the  lungs  once  become  act- 
ively diseased  any  exercise  which  is  at  all  violent,  or 
if  carried  too  far,  will  result  in  injury,  as  it  will  often 
produce  fever  and  extension  of  the  disease;  on  the 
other  hand,  if  the  disease  is  not  active  he  may  do  much 
to  develop  the  capacity  of  the  remaining  healthy  tis- 
sue, and  the  elasticity  of  the  chest  walls  and  articula- 
tions of  the  ribs. 

Healthy  lungs  are  often  exercised  too  much  and 
their  vitality  injured.  At  the  meeting  of  the  State 
Medical  Society  of  New  York  (Trans,  of  the  Med.  Soc. 
N.  Y.,  1886,  p.  115)  Dr.  Ely  presented  a  paper  on 
pulmonary  gymnastics,  saying  that  physicians  in  gen- 
eral practice  frequently  see  patients  with  deficient 
pulmonary  capacity,  due  either  to  lack  of  adequate 
chest  development  or  to  conditions  of  a  chronic  nature 
which  compress  or  condense  the  air  cells,  and  that  if 
any  real  benefit  was  to  occur  from  the  employment  of 
pulmonary  gymnastics  it  would  only  be  obtained  after 
months  of  faithful  practice;  further,  he  says:  ''To 
recapitulate :  Among  the  remedies  in  many  conditions 
of  defective  chest  expansion,  inherited  or  produced  by 
disease  of  a  latent  or  inactive  character,  pulmonary 
gymnastics  should  be  accorded  a  prominent  place. 
They  are  contraindicated  in  all  acute  diseases  of  the 
lungs."    In  the  discussion  which  followed  in  regard  to 

155 


156  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

the  above-mentioned  paper,  Dr.  A.  L.  Loomis  says: 
' '  One  word  in  regard  to  pulmonary  gymnastics,  a  sub- 
ject Raised  by  Dr.  Ely.  Wlien  much  younger  I  gave  a 
great  deal  of  attention  to  this  matter,  believing  that  it 
would  prevent  the  development  of  latent  phthisis  in 
my  own  case.  I  became  convinced  during  college  that 
gymnastics,  when  practiced  while  the  health  is  below 
par,  enfeebled  rather  than  strengthened  the  respira- 
tion, and  increased  the  liability  to  catarrhs,  etc.,  so  that 
unless  one  is  in  first-rate  physical  condition  I  think 
the  proposed  plan  of  pulmonary  gymnastics,  if  carried 
out,  will  be  more  liable  to  do  harm  than  good."  ''As 
regards  pulmonary  gymnastics  in  pleuritic  adhesions 
and  pulmonary  phthisis,  that  is  another  matter. "  "  As 
to  college  training,  rowing,  gymnastics  requiring  pro- 
longed muscular  effort  which  young  men  are  being  put 
through  at  the  present  time,  it  seems  to  me  that  it  is 
laying  the  foundation  for  a  great  many  cases  of  car- 
diac disease;  and  from  my  own  personal  observation 
I  find  that  phthisis  is  developed  in  a  large  proportion 
of  the  prize  men  at  college,  the  men  who  head  the  nine. 
These  are  men  who  overstrain  during  the  development 
period,  and  the  men  who  are  afterwards  subjects  of 
pulmonary  phthisis.  Within  the  past  two  or  three 
years  I  have  been  keeping  records,  and  I  have  been 
astonished  at  the  large  number  of  that  class  of  men 
who  develop  phthisis  or  cardiac  disease ;  and  I  believe 
it  is  nothing  more  or  less  than  an  overtaxing  of  the 
respiratory  and  cardiac  organs  during  the  develop- 
ment period." 

Lungs  Give  and  Take. 

Let  us  pick  up  the  threads  from  where  Dr.  Loomis 
left    them    and    see    what    is    to    be    deduced    and 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  157 

how  the  lungs  are  to  be  properly  developed.  In  the 
discussion  we  are  told  that  too  much  lung  exer- 
cise is  not  beneficial.  I  maintain  that  the  reason 
for  this  is  that  the  lungs  both  give  and  take,  and 
that  the  exercise  must  be  proportioned  to  the  food 
eaten  which  is  to  be  oxidized.  The  lungs  give  oxygen 
to  the  blood,  but  they  take  away  watery  products,  car- 
bon and  other  matters.  The  oxygen  unites  with  the 
blood  and  produces  chemical  changes  in  it.  Then  if 
there  is  not  a  good  supply  of  the  heat  and  force-pro- 
ducing foods  in  the  diet,  and  a  good  store  of  fat  in  the 
tissues,  other  more  vital  tissues  will  be  drawn  upon, 
and  be  oxidized  or  changed  and  given  out  through  the 
lungs  as  carbon  for  the  oxygen  which  has  produced 
the  change.  If  this  goes  on  and  the  body  be  not  well 
nourished  and  able  to  withstand  this  oxidation  of  tis- 
sue, then  the  system  may  become  bankrupt,  for  the 
more  vital  tissues  must  yield  to  the  chemical  action 
until  finally  even  the  blood  must  yield  itself  for  oxidiza- 
tion, and,  as  a  consequence,  there  is  a  diminution  of  its 
constituents. 

The  lungs  with  their  increased  draft  from  exertion 
have  burned  up  the  supply  of  heat-forming  tissue  (re- 
serve fat),  and  if  the  exercise  has  been  carried  too  far 
it  exhausts  the  engine  itself,  burning  up  its  vital  tis- 
sues. Fortunately,  when  this  happens  the  body  be- 
comes too  weak  and  exhausted  to  carry  on  further  exer- 
cise and  recuperates  readily  if  not  overtaxed,  but 
proper  heat-producing  foods  must  be  supplied  in  just 
such  abundance  as  not  to  allow  the  exercised  lungs  and 
increased  oxygen  to  consume  the  body  tissues,  but  to 
consume  the  fat  eaten  in  our  diet  in  sufficient  quantities 
to  supply  the  tissues  with  their  force  and  heat.  As 
evidence  that  rapid  breathing  and  lung  g^^mna sties  ex- 


158  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

hausts  the  blood,  we  may  refer  to  the  well-known 
effects  of  cold,  and  the  rapid  breathing  produced  by 
high  altitudes,  which,  when  not  counterbalanced  by 
proper  food,  leads  to  pernicious  anemia.  If  we  take 
more  exercise  than  consumes  the  fat  of  our  diet  we 
weaken  our  lungs ;  therefore,  development  of  the  lungs 
by  exercise  must  be  proportionate  to  the  amount  of 
tissue-forming  and  oxidizable  foods  which  we  eat. 

Fat  once  taken  into  the  system  departs  almost  en- 
tirely by  way  of  the  lungs,  in  the  form  of  carbon  and 
hydrogen.  That  fat  foods  have  the  greatest  influence 
in  the  development  of  the  broad,  flat,  healthy  chest  I 
am  thoroughly  convinced  from  the  observation  and 
study  of  many  individuals.  Lungs  develop  according 
to  their  work,  and  since  they  both  give  and  take  it  is 
reasonable  to  believe  that  both  functions  are  as  impor- 
tant, the  one  to  the  other.  The  narrow  chest  is  com- 
mon to  those  people,  more  particularly,  who  do  not 
eat  a  plentiful  supply  of  fat,  and  who  are  descendants 
from  parents  who  do  not  eat  sufficiently  of  these  foods. 

Exercise  Must  Be  in  Just  Proportion  to  Nutrition. 

So  far  we  have  tried  to  make  it  plain  that  develop- 
ment of  the  chest  by  exercise  must  go  "hand  in  hand" 
with  a  proper  diet,  particularly  of  those  foods  which 
are  oxidized  and  eliminated  by  the  lungs,  and  when 
this  relation  is  maintained,  exercise  in  just  proportions 
is  beneficial. 

If  young  people  were  taught  the  value  of  proper 
food  and  taught  the  correct  way  of  breathing  the  lungs 
would  develop  accordingly,  and  the  resistance  from 
disease  would  be  increased.  It  is  very  important  that 
the  young  be  taught  the  correct  way  of  breathing,  for 
then  when  carried  on  correctly  there  will  be  an  in- 
crease of  appetite  and  of  the  vital  functions,  provid- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  159 

ing  this  appetite  is  supplied  with  proper  food;  there 
will  be  a  greater  lung  capacity,  and  increased  move- 
ment in  the  bony  articulations  of  the  chest,  and  by  cor- 
rect method  of  breathing  and  a  just  proportion  of 
proper  food  we  regulate  the  general  blood  and  lymph 
circulation,  for  every  protoplasmic  unit  of  the  body 
must  have  its  essential  quantity  of  oxygen,  but  that 
protoplasmic  unit  must  be  there  to  unite  with  the 
oxygen  in  such  an  abundance  that  the  body  will  not  be 
defeated,  then  in  return  for  the  oxygen  it  yields  its 
products  of  activity.  Proper  breathing  and  propor- 
tionate food  is,  therefore,  of  the  utmost  importance. 

Methods  of  Breathing^. 

There  are  three  types  of  breathing  which  have 
been  described  as  normal;  first,  the  diaphragmatic; 
second,  lower  costal;  third,  total  costal.  The  first 
two  may  be  entirely  independent  and  distinct  forms 
of  breathing,  and  the  third  form  may  be  dis- 
tinct and  independent  of  abdominal  or  diaphragmatic 
breathing.  Each  one  of  these  forms  of  breathing 
has  had  its  advocate,  and  each  has  been  developed 
distinctly,  according  to  various  views  and  methods,  as 
aids  in  singing  and  oratory,  but  for  the  healthy  well- 
developed  body  there  is  but  one  way  of  breathing,  and 
that  is  by  combining  the  three.  With  each  inspiration 
the  abdomen  should  raise,  the  lower  and  upper  chest 
wall  should  expand  and  raise.  By  this  method  of 
breathing  it  will  be  found  that  the  well-developed  in- 
dividual, without  practice,  will  be  enabled  to  inhale  (by 
actual  measurement)  about  one  hundred  cubic  inches 
of  air  more  than  by  a  combined  lower  costal  and  dia- 
phragmatic breath,  and  about  two  hundred  more  cubic 
inches  of  air  than  by  a  pure  diaphragmatic  breath. 


160  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

Breathing  Exercise. 

JBreatliing  exercises,  as  previously  stated,  should 
never  be  carried  to  extremes.  A  very  good  method 
of  exercise  to  teach  the  young  to  breathe  correctly 
is  to  have  them  lie  straight  on  their  back,  placing  a 
book  or  other  article  over  the  umbilical  region,  and 
with  each  inspiration  the  book  is  to  raise,  together 
with  the  ribs  of  the  lower  and  upper  chest,  which  are 
to  raise  and  expand,  thus  teaching  a  combination  of 
the  forms  of  breathing. 

Indications  for  Exercises. 

Various  exercises  are  particularly  indicated  where 
there  is  permanent  ossification  of  the  upper  costal 
cartilages  and  lack  of  mobility  in  the  articulations  of 
the  clavicles  and  articulations  of  the  ribs.  Other  exer- 
cises will  be  found  beneficial  to  promote  a  greater 
range  of  movement,  such  as  slowly  swinging  the  arms, 
raising  the  shoulder,  and  rotation  of  the  shoulders  for- 
ward and  backward,  which  must  be  carried  out  system- 
atically, in  order  to  derive  health  from  them,  but  first 
teach  proper  breathing  and  diet. 

Development  of  the  lungs  and  their  resistance  from 
disease  must  be  by  a  proper  proportion  of  exercise  to 
the  oxidizable,  heat-producing  foods,  particularly  fat 
foods,  or  hydro-carbons.  They  are  principally  ex- 
creted by  the  lungs  in  the  form  of  carbon  in  exchange 
for  oxygen,  and  may  be  drawn  upon  to  supply  the 
extra  oxidization,  heat  and  energy  for  movement  and 
exercise.  Otherwise  such  must  be  drawn  from  the 
body  to  deplete,  rather  than  strengthen,  the  tissues  and 
resistance  to  disease.  For  the  above  reasons  subcu- 
taneous injections  of  oil  will  do  more  to  develop  the 
lungs  than  any  other  means. 


Case  XXXIX.  This  well  known  actress  gained  20  pounds  in  weight 
during  a  period  of  40  days,  and  40  pounds  in  three  months,  under 
treatment  with  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil.  Previous  to  this 
treatment  she  was  on  a  ranch  in  Texas  for  her  health,  but  was 
failing  fast.  Her  relatives  urged  her  to  leave  Texas  and  come  here 
for  treatment,  which  she  did.  Besides  the  gain  in  weight,  her 
severe  night  sweats  stopped  after  the  second  week's  treatment. 
Her  life   was   renewed. 


CHAPTER  XIV. 

METHOD  OF  MAKING  THE  SUBCUTANEOUS  INJEC- 
TIONS OF  OIL. 

In  making  the  injections  of  oil  into  the  tissues  we 
select  a  point  over  the  shoulder  blade,  using  all  of  that 
surface  of  the  back  over  the  area  of  the  lungs,  with 
the  exception  of  about  two  inches  on  either  side  of  the 
spine.  I  select  this  area  for  the  reason  that  the  slight 
soreness  which  the  injections  cause  are  beneficial  to 
the  patient,  producing  counter  irritation  in  the  same 
manner  as  a  blister  or  seton,  which  in  early  days  was 
a  very  popular  treatment  for  consumption.  Indeed,  I 
recall  a  case  which  came  to  me  some  time  ago,  who  said' 
that  he  had  been  cured  of  consumption  twenty  years 
ago  by  a  seton  being  placed  in  the  muscle  of  his  chest, 
each  day  pulling  the  ringed  ligature  around  so  as  to 
keep  up  the  soreness.    I  do  not  know  how  much  bene.- 


The   Keyes'    oil   syringe.      Cut   about    1-3    size.      This    syringe    wa.? 
devised   by   the   author    for   making  subcutaneous   injections   of   oil.      ■ 

fit  he  received  from  it,  but  he  presented  the  appearance 
of  a  very  healthy  man.  You  will  therefore  see  that  the 
soreness  produced  in  this  region  is  beneficial  from  its 

161 


162  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

counter  irritating  effects,  the  benefits  of  which  are  not 
deniable.  Wliere  there  is  no  active  disease  in  the 
lungs,  we  sometimes  make  the  injections  in  the  hips, 
as  often  it  is  less  painful  here.  With  some  patients, 
however,  the  injections  cause  less  pain  in  the  shoulders. 
Each  day  we  select  a  different  point  for  the  injection, 
usually  injecting  first  on  one  side  and  then  on  the 
other,  and  either  higher  or  lower  or  to  the  side  of  the 
former  injection,  because  some  slight  soreness  may 
remain  at  the  site  of  an  injection  for  about  thirty-six 
hours,  although  not  enough  to  inconvenience  the  pa- 
tient. As  a  consequence  the  injections  are  more  pleas- 
ant on  a  different  spot.  The  site  to  be  injected  should 
first  be  wiped  with  alcohol  or  turpentine  on  sterile 
cotton.  I  am  in  the  habit  of  rubbing  the  turpentine 
soaked  cotton  briskly  over  the  entire  area  of  the  re- 
gion over  the  back  of  the  lungs. 

Great  care  should  be  taken  to  have  the  needle  prop- 
erly pointed.  The  ordinary  or  regular  pointed  needles 
are  dangerous  and  not  suitable  for  these  injections  for 
the  reason  that  they  are  pointed  too  long  and  fine.  A 
fine  pointed  needle  will,  too  frequently,  make  the  injec- 
tions pass  into  a  vein  and  this  we  should  try  to  avoid 
as  it  is  very  liable  to  produce  an  oil  infarction  in  the 
lung.  Wlien  oil  is  injected  into  a  vein  the  patient  will 
often  start  to  cough  and  a  few  hours  afterward  he  may 
have  chills  and  fever  and  diarrhoea.  Oil  injected  into 
a  vein  will  usually  make  some  soreness  in  the  chest, 
described  by  the  patient  as  a  feeling  that  they  have 
taken  cold,  and  the  patient  is  very  apt  to  lose  some 
in  weight.  If  the  above  should  happen  too  often  our 
patient  would  have  continual  set-backs,  and  would  not 
gain  in  weight  or  recover  from  the  disease.  To  enable 
me  to  avoid  the  above  I  sharpen  all  my  needles  to  a 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  163 

blunt  sharp  edge.  The  straight  side  of  the  needle 
should  be  the  part  which  holds  up  the  pressure  when 
the  needle  is  placed  in  the  skin.  Wlien  the  needle  is 
properly  placed  it  will  not  give  scarcely  any  pain  and 
the  injections  are  also  made  with  but  little  pain.  If  the 
injections  are  not  given  properly  they  produce  un- 
necessary pain. 

The  skin  must  be  raised  between  the  thumb  and 
forefinger  and  the  needle  placed  well  through  the  skin. 
If  the  needle  is  placed  into  the  skin  at  too  slanting  an 
angle  it  will  produce  more  pain,  for  the  reason  that 
there  is  a  longer  tract  of  skin  through  which  the 
needle  must  penetrate,  and  because  it  is  in  the  skin 
that  the  tactile  nerve  fibers  are  most  developed,  con- 
sequently, most  of  the  pain  from  the  injection  is  in  the 
skin.  As  the  skin  is  very  thick  over  the  back,  if  the 
needle  is  placed  in  at  a  slanting  angle,  while  it  may 
enter  the  full  length  of  the  needle,  it  may  still  not  be 
entirely  through  the  skin,  but  between  the  deeper  lay- 
ers, and  if  an  injection  be  thus  made  it  will  cause  con- 
siderable pain,  described  by  the  patient  as  a  feeling 
as  if  the  layers  of  skin  were  being  dissected  apart. 

It  has  taken  me  years  with  much  observation  to  per- 
fect my  methods,  and  many  of  the  important  features 
in  the  injection  could  be  better  demonstrated  than  de- 
scribed. Upon  the  proper  method  of  injection  will 
greatly  depend  the  success  or  failure  of  this  treat- 
ment. Therefore  those  using  are  cautioned  to  become 
expert  in  the  application  of  the  treatment  and  not  to 
condemn  it  for  lack  of  proper  knowledge  of  its  appli- 
cation. 

The  amount  of  oil  injected  will  average  1  ounce 
once  daily.  To  commence  with,  I  use  a  smaller  dose 
for  the  first  three  days.    For  giving  these  injections, 


164  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

I  have  devised  a  special  syringe  which  works  with  a 
thumb-screw,  and  we  are  thus  able  to  make  the  injec- 
tion^ without  shaking  the  needle  and  with  less  pain  to 
the  patient.  A  dressing  of  collodion  should  be  placed 
over  the  puncture  when  the  needle  is  withdrawn,  so  as 
to  hold  the  oil  from  leaking.  For  these  injections  I 
have  used  various  oils.  Among  them  may  be 
mentioned,  cod  liver  oil,  sperm  oil,  cocoanut  oil 
peanut  oil,  olive  oil,  and  egg  oil.  I  have  discon- 
tinued using  the  cod  liver  oil  and  sperm  oil  for  the 
reason  that  animal  oils  are  not  so  quickly  absorbed 
as  the  olive  and  nut  oils,  and  they  produce  greater  sore- 
ness, and  their  method  of  preparation  can  not  be  re- 
lied upon  as  being  so  clean.  I  find  that  by  changing 
the  egg,  olive  and  nut  oils  and  mixing  them,  that  the 
greatest  good  seems  to  come. 


CHAPTEE  XV. 

DIETING  AND  COOKING  FOR  THE  CURE  AND  PRE- 
VENTION OF  CONSUMPTION. 

The  Prevention  and  Cure  of  Consumption. 

I  make  the  statement  and  have  here  tried  to  prove, 
that  consumption  exists  only  among  the  poorly  nour- 
ished. The  consumptive  has  failed  to  eat  a  sufficiency 
of  fats.  By  proper  dieting  consumption  can  be 
prevented. 

From  the  very  earliest  history  of  medicine  con- 
sumption has  been  looked  upon  as  a  disease  of  mal- 
nutrition, that  is,  that  first  there  has  been  a  deviation 
from  normal  metabolism  resulting  in  blood  poverty, 
often  lack  of  development,  weakened  tissues  and  or- 
gans. The  prevention  of  the  disease  rests  in  establish- 
ing a  habit  of  body  which  will  digest  or  assimilate  fat 
foods,  and  the  eating  of  a  diet  with  a  sufficient  amount 
of  fats  to  maintain  nutrition,  so  that  the  germ  cannot 
grow  or  thrive.  As  physicians  we  should  certainly  be 
brought  to  a  full  realization  of  our  responsibilities  as 
guardians  of  health  by  such  data,  and  not  confine  our 
efforts  merely  to  fighting  the  germs,  but  also  to  the 
building  up  of  the  defensive  powers  of  the  body,  which 
is  of  greater  importance. 

Diet  for  the  Consumptive  Invalid. 

The  diet  upon  which  I  put  my  consumptive  invalid 
depends  entirely  upon  the  condition  of  his  health  when 
treatment  is  commenced  and  while  undergoing  treat- 
ies 


166  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

ment.  Patients  having  any  great  degree  of  fever  I 
invariably  put  to  bed  and  if  the  fever  continues  I  put 
thera  upon  a  milk  diet. 

The  Milk  Diet. 

Milk  as  a  diet  for  consumptive  patients  has 
been  recommended  from  the  earliest  antiquity.  It 
was  largely  relied  upon  by  the  very  earliest  physi- 
cians of  whom  we  have  any  writings.  In  giving  a 
milk  diet  to  consumptives  we  must  remember  that  in 
order  to  cure  the  disease  the  patient  must  be  nour- 
ished to  the  greatest  possible  degree.  The  amount 
of  milk  taken  should  not  be  less  than  one  gallon  to 
start  on^  which  should  be  increased  to  two  gallons  each 
day.  This  is  best  given  every  two  hours  for  eight 
feedings.  The  amount  will  thus  be  one  pint  to  one 
quart  to  each  feeding.  The  milk  should  be  given  warm 
and  some  diastase  may  be  added  should  there  be  a 
tendency  for  it  to  lie  heavily  upon  the  stomach.  A 
few  crackers  may  be  eaten  by  the  patient  with  the 
milk,  which  should  be  drank  slowly.  The  milk  for  our 
patient  must  be  the  pure  and  natural  product,  rich 
with  cream,  and  free  from  preservatives,  which  would 
delay  its  digestion. 

Koumiss. 

Another  form  of  milk  diet  is  koumiss,  and  is  of 
much  greater  value  than  milk,  because  it  is  pre- 
digested  and  easily  assimilated. 

Koumiss  as  an  aid  to  the  cure  of  consumption  has 
been  used  for  many  years  in  Southeastern  Russia, 
where  many  patients  suffering  from  consumption, 
chronic  bronchitis,  gastric  intestinal  catarrh  and 
other  wasting  diseases,  take  long  and  tedious  joumeya 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  167 

for  this  koumiss  cure.  There  it  is  made  of  mare's 
milk,  bottled  in  the  smoked  skin  of  a  horse's  quarter. 
Koumiss  is  fermented  milk  and  is  a  preparation  not 
curdled  by  the  juices  of  the  stomach,  while  at  the  same 
time  it  possesses  all  of  the  nutritive  qualities  of  milk, 
and  is  pre-digested,  ready  for  assimilation,  with  the 
extra  addition  of  fermented  spirit.  The  albuminates 
of  milk  have  been  converted  into  peptones,  and  the 
casine  has  been  changed  into  solid  albumen  and  pep- 
tone, milk  sugar  into  lactose  and  alcohol,  and  the  oily 
constituents  thus  mixed  are  more  easily  and  readily 
assimilated.  It  will  be  seen  that  koumiss  is  a  great 
nutritive  food,  and  furnishes  directly  what  must  be 
acquired  from  other  foods  by  a  longer  process  of  di- 
gestion. Being  diuretic  it  relieves  the  mucous  mem- 
branes from  congestion  and  by  this  action  often  stops 
a  troublesome  cough.  It  improves  the  vascular  and 
muscular  tone,  and  the  complexion  takes  on  a  ruddy 
hue.  In  the  various  books  published  on  the  geography 
of  diseases,  we  frequently  see  it  mentioned  that  on  the 
steppes  of  Eussia  tuberculosis  is  not  so  common,  and 
when  found  is  not  looked  upon  with  the  dread,  or  as 
the  great  white  plague,  as  it  is  in  other  countries, 
for  the  inhabitants  look  upon  koumiss  as  prepared  by 
them  as  a  cure  for  the  disease.  The  remarkable  man- 
ner in  which,  after  leaving  his  tent,  the  thin  and  wan 
Nomad  grows  stout,  and  regains  his  healthy  look  and 
ruddy  complexion,  has  often  attracted  the  attention 
of  travelers  and  medical  men,  and  various  treatises 
have  been  written  upon  the  koumiss  cure  for  consump- 
tion. There  it  is  common  to  drink  several  gallons 
daily. 

After  a  few  weeks    of    the    combined    treatment 
which  we  have  here  mentioned,  principal  of  which  is 


168  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil,  the  hitherto  con- 
spicuously prominent  bones  of  the  consumptive  pa- 
tient become  covered  with  a  thick  coating  of  fat  and 
muscle;  the  sunken  and  bloodless  cheeks  fill  up  and 
assume  a  rosy  hue,  the  drooping  spirits  revive,  and  a 
most  remarkable  change  transpires.  The  patient  who 
j)reviously  was  suffering  from  fever  now  is  apparent- 
ly healthy  and  is  ready  to  be  trained  to  live  upon  a 
solid  diet  with  an  over  generous  amount  of  fats,  but- 
ter, etc.,  for  this  is  essential  that  the  patient  may  re- 
main well. 

Other  Liquid  Nourishment. 

"\Aniere  milk  and  its  preparations,  such  as  koumiss, 
are  distasteful  to  the  patient,  a  liquid  of  much  nour- 
ishment and  benefit  may  be  made  in  the  form  of  thick 
bean  soup  with  butter,  or  what  we  have  termed  cream 
of  oats  may  be  used.  Bean  soup  may  be  made  by  soak- 
ing beans  in  water  for  about  twelve  hours,  which  are 
then  crushed  and  boiled  and  then  filtered  through 
cloth ;  to  this  must  be  added  a  large  amount  of  butter. 
Tofu,  a  bean  cheese,  is  made  by  the  Japanese  from 
soy  beans,  first  made  into  a  bean  soup  similar  to  the 
above,  without  the  butter,  and  in  its  composition  this 
milky  fluid  resembles  cow's  milk,  as  will  be  seen  from 
the  following  analysis,  taken  from  Bulletin  No.  58  of 
the  Agricultural  Department : 

COMPAKISON   OF  THE  COMPOSITION  OF  SOY  BEAN   MILK  AND 
cow's   MILK. 

Soy  Bean  Milk  Cow's  Milk 
Constituents —  Per  cent.      Per  cent. 

AVater   92.53  86.08 

Albuminoids    3.02  4.00 

Fat    2.L3  3.05 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  169 

Fiber    0.03  .... 

Ash    0.41  0.70 

Nitrogen,  free  extract  including 

carbo-liyclrates    1.88  .... 

Milk  Sugar   5.09 

Cream  of  oats  is  made  from  oat  fionr.  To  two  tea- 
spoonfnls  of  this  enough  water  should  be  added  so 
that  when  boiled  there  will  remain  two  giassfuls,  add 
one-sixth  pound  of  fresh  butter,  season  to  taste.  Ex- 
tract of  beef  may  be  added  if  the  flavor  is  more  agree- 
able. This  preparation  is  very  valuable  throughout 
the  treatment,  and  even  when  the  patient  is  so  far  con- 
valescent as  not  to  have  fever  or  cough,  or  does  not 
raise  mucus,  I  continue,  with  this  to  be  taken  with  the 
breakfast  and  late  dinner.  Patients  becoming  thus 
accustomed  to  the  large  amount  of  butter  should  con- 
tinue with  this  even  when  thoroughly  well  to  prevent 
the  return  of  the  disease. 

AAliile  the  patient  is  on  the  liquid  diet  of  milk  or 
koumiss  I  give  internally  about  one  ounce  of  olive  oil 
twice  a  day  at  about  10  a.  m.  and  after  the  last  feeding 
at  night.  This  is  best  taken  and  more  easily  assim- 
ilated by  adchng  a  little  wine. 

Sugar  occupies  a  prominent  place  in  milk.  Milk 
might  be  considered  a  thin  syrup  holding  in  suspension 
small  globules  of  oil.  Sugar  and  fat  are  the  chief  fuel 
ingredients  of  milk  and  all  other  foods.  Fat  is  a  more 
concentrated  fuel  than  sugar,  yielding  nearly  two  and 
one-half  times  more  heat.  Of  second  importance  to 
fat  in  the  cure  and  prevention  of  consumption  I  con- 
sider sugar  because  of  the  carbon  which  it  yields  and 
its  ease  of  assimilation.  In  treating  tubercular  pa- 
tients I  have  them  take  for  its  nutritive  value,  a  cane 


170  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE, 

syrup  combined  with  stomatics,  stimulants  and  bitter 
tonics. 

3  Diet  for  the  Convalescent  Tubercular. 

After  my  patient  has  no  rise  from  normal  tempera- 
ture I  gradually  increase  the  solids  in  his  diet  until  he 
is  able  to  be  up  and  about  without  increasing  his  tem- 
perature, when  I  put  him  upon  a  full  diet.  In  every 
case  the  patient  is  to  be  fed  every  two  hours.  With 
the  tubercular  patient  not  confined  to  his  bed  it  is  cus- 
tomary for  me  to  commence  feeding  him  an  hour  before 
he  is  to  arise  and  begin  with  a  rum  punch,  made  by  add- 
ing one  or  two  teaspoonfuls  of  old  Jamaica  rum  with 
some  sugar  to  a  glass  of  milk  or  cream.  By  doing  this 
the  patient  will  not  lose  vitality  in  dressing,  and  it 
often  improves  the  appetite  for  a  hearty  breakfast. 

Cooking  and  Diet  for  the  Prevention  and  Cure  of  Con- 
sumption. 

In  preparing  and  cooking  food  for  the  thin 
and  poorly  nourished  and  for  those  of  a  tubercu- 
lar tendency,  and  particularly  for  those  afilicted  with 
the  disease,  large  quantities  of  fats,  butter  and  oil 
should  be  so  incorporated  in  the  cooking  as  to  disguise 
them  and  make  them  palatable  to  those  individuals 
who  abhor  fats.  Dressings  and  gravies  rich  with  fats 
should  be  prepared,  and  vegetables  should  be  cooked 
with  large  quantities  of  butter  and  cream. 

The  Secret  of  Making  Thin  People  Fat. 

That  which  I  hold  of  greatest  importance  to  make 
thin  people  fat  and  well  nourished  is  to  combine  a  diet 
coarse  in  fibre  for  its  mechanical  action,  with  plenty  of 
fats  for  nutrition.  To  accomplish  this  one  or  two  well 
cooked  vegetables,  which  contain  a  large  amount  of 
fibre  should  be  eaten  with  at  least  two  of  the  principal 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  171 

meals.  These  must  be  cooked  with  butter  or  fats,  other- 
wise there  will  be  little  nourishment  to  them.  These 
coarse  foods  have  two  beneficial  actions,  both  mechan- 
ical; one  is  that  they  hold  by  their  bulk  and  fibre 
the  oils  and  fats  in  the  intestine  until  they  are  ab- 
sorbed, and  the  other  is  that  they  increase  the  strength 
of  the  intestine — a  sort  of  gymnastics  for  the  intestine 
is  given  because  of  the  larger  bulk  which  must  be 
taken  care  of  and  because  of  this  large  residue  consti- 
pation is  overcome. 

The  nutritive  value  of  food  depends  largely  upon 
its  manner  of  preparation  and  cooking.  To  be  palata- 
ble, attractive  and  appetizing,  it  must  be  of  first  qual- 
ity, fresh,  not  kept  too  long  by  cold  storage  process, 
free  from  preservatives,  and  then  must  be  well  pre- 
pared and  cooked. 

A  fatty  diet  is  an  essential  part  of  the  treatment 
for  tuberculosis,  but  this  in  no  way  takes  the  place  of 
subcutaneous  injections  of  oil,  for  the  reasons  which 
we  have  already  given. 


CHAPTEE  XVI. 

MEDICINES  AND  OTHER  MEANS  WHICH  I  USE  IN 
THE  TREATMENT  OF  TUBERCULOSIS  OTHER 
THAN  THE  SUBCUTANEOUS  INJEC- 
TION OF  OILS. 

Of  the  medicines  which  help  to  maintain  nutrition 
we  may  first  mention  the  oils,  if  they  may  be  consid- 
ered medicine,  though  in  reality  food.  In  my  own 
practice  I  would  say  for  internal  medication  I  have 
come  to  look  upon  pure  olive  oil  as  the  most  important. 
It  is  best  borne  by  giving  it  with  port  or  sherry  wine, 
which  covers  the  taste  of  the  oil  and  aids  in  its  as- 
similation. I  generally  prescribe  it  in  doses  varying 
from  a  tablespoonful  to  an  ounce,  after  breakfast  and 
after  supper.  Some  patients  can  take  it  in  larger 
doses,  using  a  gallon  each  month,  and  I  encourage  its 
use. 

Malt  preparations  are  often  indicated  where  there 
is  marked  alimentary  disturbance,  and  particularly 
where  starches  are  not  digested,  or  where  the  patient 
has  a  catarrhal  condition  of  the  alimentary  canal,  as 
they  often  have  in  weakened  conditions  of  mal-nutri- 
tion — another  reason  for  the  subcutaneous  injection 
of  oils,  as  we  shall  see.  This  catarrhal  condition  is 
found  to  extend  through  the  ducts  of  the.  liver  and  the 
pancreas,  and  these  organs  thus  become  deficient. 
Experiments  show  that  the  Ijile  and  pancreatic  juice 
greatly  aid  in  the  promotion  of  absorption  of  fats. 
Loomis,  in  his  text  book  on  Practical  Medicine,  men- 
tions the  frequency  of  hemorrhoids  and  rectal  troubles 

172 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  173 

in  this  disease  as  due  to  the  portal  obstruction.  Hedon 
and  Ville  {Comptes  rend,  de  la  Soc.  de  Biol.,  1892), 
diverted  the  bile  in  dogs  from  the  intestine  by  means 
of  a  biliary  fistula  and  afterward  partly  extirpated  the 
jDancreas.  Under  these  conditions  fat  passed  through 
the  intestinal  tract  undergoing  little  absorption.  The 
fats  were  converted  into  fatty  acids  and  glycerin,  or 
were  unchanged,  and  in  either  case  were  expelled. 

The  above  operation,  in  the  opinion  of  Lewin 
{PUuger's  Arch.,  Ixiii,  page  171,  1896),  was  too  severe 
for  the  animal,  so  this  author  employed  a  modifica- 
tion of  Thery's  fistula.  His  method  was  as  follows: 
In  three  dogs  the  duodenum  containing  the  openings 
of  the  bile  and  pancreatic  ducts  was  separated  from 
both  the  stomach  and  jejunum.  The  upper  end  of  the 
jejunum  was  then  united  to  the  stomach,  the  continuity 
of  the  alimentary  canal  being  thus  established.  After 
closing  the  upper  end  of  the  loop  with  sutures,  the 
lower  jejunal  end  was  affixed  to  the  skin.  After  the 
dogs  had  fasted  for  four  days  they  were  fed  on  cream 
and  in  five  hours  killed  with  ether.  At  the  autopsy 
the  cream  was  found  along  the  entire  length  of  the 
gastro-intestinal  canal;  the  fluid  in  the  mesenteric 
lymphatic  vessels  had  almost  no  milky  appearance. 
Under  the  microscope  no  fat  droplets  were  found  in 
the  epithelium  cells  of  the  villi.  The  lymph  cells  with- 
in the  yiWms  contained  fat  droplets.  After  total  extir- 
pation of  the  pancreas  in  dogs  (series  3)  and  feeding 
them  with  cream,  the  appearance  of  the  lacteals,  and 
the  microscopical  appearance  of  the  sections  of  the 
intestine  were  similar  to  those  above  described,  and  a 
biliary  fistula  was  established.  The  administration 
of  cream  to  these  dogs  showed  results  as  regards  the 


174  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

appearance  of  the  lacteals,  and  of  the  intestinal  epi- 
thelium similar  to  those  already  described.  Summing 
up  ^is  results,  Lewin  concludes  that  during  the  pro- 
cess of  absorption  of  neutral  fat  in  the  intestine  of  a 
normal  animal,  we  notice  that  the  epithelial  cells  of  the 
villi  are  filled  with  fat ;  but  when  by  operation  the  bile 
and  pancreatic  juice  are  excluded  from  the  intestine, 
the  epithelium  cells  of  the  villi  contain  no  fat,  and  con- 
sequently in  none  of  the  described  experiments  did 
complete  normal  absorption  occur,  which  is  also  veri- 
fied by  the  fact  that  the  chyle  did  not  have  the  usual 
milky  quality  as  in  normal  animals,  in  spite  of  the 
fact  that  the  dogs  were  fed  with  fat.  These  experi- 
ments pointed  out  that  for  the  complete  assimilation 
of  fats  from  the  intestine  it  is  necessary  for  the  simul- 
taneous action  of  both  the  bile  and  the  pancreatic 
juice. 

Cunningham  {Jour.  Physiol,  1898- '99,  Vol.  23, 
page  209),  relates  six  experiments  upon  dogs  as  re- 
gards the  absorption  of  fats.  In  the  method  pursued 
by  him  the  dogs  were  made  to  fast  for  two  or  three 
days  and  then  the  pancreatic  and  bile  ducts  were  di- 
vided between  ligatures,  and  the  stomach  was  felt  to 
determine  its  absence  of  food.  The  animals  were  then 
made  to  fast  forty-eight  hours,  at  the  end  of  which 
time  200  cc.  of  milk  or  120  cc.  of  either  emulsified  oils, 
pure  cod  liver  oil,  or  pure  cotton-seed  oil  were  given 
by  means  of  the  stomach  tube.  After  the  expiration 
of  from  six  to  twenty-four  hours  each  animal  was 
killed  and  its  lacteals  examined  for  chyle.  The  re- 
sults of  the  experiments  seemed  to  indicate,  says  Cun- 
ningham, that  in  the  absence  of  both  the  bile  and  the 
pancreatic  juice,  unemulsified  vegetable  oils — ^viz.,  cot- 


KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  175 

ton-seed  oil  and  olive  oil — can  be  absorbed  from  tbe 
intestine  of  the  dog. 

From  these  experiments  it  will  be  seen  that  the  tis- 
sues of  the  body  will  not  derive  the  amount  of  good 
which  they  should  from  fats,  because  of  non-absorp- 
tion, when  there  is  great  alimentary  disturbance,  and 
where  we  have  reason  to  suspect  lack  of  bile  and  pan- 
creatic secretions,  which  conditions  may  have  been 
brought  about,  as  we  have  pointed  out  before,  by  a 
habit  of  not  eating  fats  from  childhood.  Under  these 
above  conditions,  to  build  up  strength,  malt  prepara- 
tions are  often  useful ;  but  to  re-establish  the  digestion 
of  fats,  fats  must  be  fed  at  each  meal,  not  allowing 
an  opportunity  to  pass  in  which  they  are  not  eaten. 
In  this  way  their  digestion  will  become  re-established. 
From  the  foregoing  will  also  be  seen  many  reasons  for 
the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oils  for  the  tubercular 
patient,  since  conditions  exist  in  the  alimentary  canal 
unfavorable  to  their  assimilation. 

Iodine  as  a  remedy  for  tuberculosis  has  long  been 
used  in  certain  cases.  It  is  particularly  indicated  in 
scrofulous  patients.  It  is  seldom  that  a  patient  can 
take  it  internally  in  doses  sufficiently  large  to  obtain 
the  desired  result,  as  it  produces  great  gastric  dis- 
turbance and  has  to  be  discontinued.  I  often  use  it 
(in  certain  cases  only)  in  combination  of  a  6  per  cent, 
solution  with  cocoanut  oil  for  massage  of  the  chest. 

To  apply  this  preparation,  as  in  the  use  of  all  ex- 
ternal medication,  the  best  effect  will  be  obtained  by 
the  use  of  proper  massage.  The  patient  should  be  in 
a  warm  room,  stripped  to  the  loins  and  seated  on  a 
high  stool,  while  the  operator,  usually  the  nurse  or  a 
member  of  the  family,  who  should  be  instructed,  ap- 
plies the  preparation  with  massage  in  the  following 


176  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

manner:  The  patient  is  first  made  to  raise  his  arms 
and  join  hands  behind  the  neck  or  on  top  of  the  head. 
The  preparation  is  then  applied  thoroughly  over  the 
chest  in  front  and  behind  and  on  the  neck  well  up 
under  the  chin.  The  operator,  standing  behind  the 
patient,  now  advances  his  hands  on  each  side  of  the 
patient's  chest  from  behind  forwards  to  the  third 
and  fourth  segments  of  the  sternum ;  and  with  firm  and 
even  pressure,  the  palms  well  lubricated  with  the  oily 
preparation,  are  rubbed  downward  and  backward,  fol- 
lowing the  border  of  the  lower  line  of  the  chest.  The 
pressure  is  to  increase  as  the  operation  goes  on.  After 
several  movements  of  this  kind  the  operator's  fingers 
are  pushed  well  under  the  lower  border  of  the  ribs, 
pulling  them  outwards,  which  may  be  repeated  sev- 
eral times  during  the  massage  treatment.  Now  hav- 
ing employed  general  massage  as  above  described  we 
may,  as  the  treatment  advances,  add  to  the  movements, 
beating,  kneading,  chopping,  sawing,  vibration,  etc. — 
all  to  be  done  very  lightly.  Vibration  of  the  chest  is 
useful  only  in  a  few  cases,  where  the  disease  is  not 
active,  and  may  be  performed  by  vibrating  the  hands 
on  the  chest. 

Strychnine  is  a  drug  sometimes  of  great  value  in 
those  cases  where  there  is  dilation  of  the  pupil  and 
general  relaxation  of  the  whole  system.  "While  it  is 
not  useful  in  all  cases,  and  positively  harmful  in  some, 
it  will  be  found  valuable  in  a  few  cases.  With  a  few 
patients  I  employ  strychnine  and  run  the  dose  up  to 
the  physiological  limit,  using  it  in  pill  form,  beginning 
with  a  1-30  grain,  or  in  some  cases  a  1-60  grain,  four 
times  daily,  increasing  one  of  the  doses  one  pill  of  the 
same  size  at  the  end  of  five  days,  and  at  the  end  of 
the  next  five  days  increasing  the  second  dose  one  pill  of 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  177 

the  same  size,  and  so  on  with  the  other  doses  until  the 
limit  of  tolerance  is  reached.  In  doing  this  the  patient 
must  be  instructed  as  to  the  powerful  nature  of 
the  drug  and  of  its  physiological  and  toxicologi- 
cal  effects,  which  are  usually  first  noticed  as  a 
stiffness  of  the  posterior  muscles  of  the  neck,  often 
producing  a  feeling  to  throw  the  head  back,  or  there 
may  be  a  stiffness  of  the  maxillary  muscles,  or  there 
may  be  a  stiffness  of  the  posterior  or  anterior  mus- 
cles of  the  thigh.  Patients  should  be  carefully  in- 
structed as  to  these  symptoms  and  told  to  reduce  the 
size  of  the  dose  should  any  of  these  symptoms  arise, 
which  will  occur  in  some  cases  on  even  so  small  a  dose 
as  1-30  grain  four  times  daily.  In  other  cases  we  may 
often  run  the  dose  up  to  1-8  grain  four  times  daily, 
and  with  great  benefit.  After  we  have  got  the  dose  up 
to  2-30  grain  four  times  a  day,  we  must  use  great  cau- 
tion in  advancing  further  and  advance  in  smaller 
doses,  using  pills  of  1-60  grain  for  further  increase  of 
doses. 

Digitalis  I  find  useful  where  strychnine  cannot  be 
taken,  and  in  some  cases  where  there  is  swelling  of 
the  extremities.  I  use  the  tincture  (fat  free)  digitalis, 
now  prepared  by  several  firms. 

Hypophosphites  deserve  special  mention  in  the 
therapy  of  tuberculosis,  being  of  especial  value  in 
those  tubercular  patients  who  have  phosphates  in  their 
urine.  By  increasing  the  amount  of  phosphates  in  the 
food,  phosphaturea  will  disappear.  The  system  will 
become  accustomed  to  assimilating  larger  amounts  of 
phosphates,  which  will  go  to  nourish  the  system. 

Stimulating  carminatives  combined  with  bitter 
tonics,  as  red  cinchonas,  with  cane  syrup,  aid  the  treat- 
ment in  general  by  stimulating  the  appetite  and  nour- 


178  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

isliing  the  patient;  while  the  cane  syrup,  being  a  car- 
bohydrate, is  largely  excreted  by  the  lungs  in  the 
chemical  changes  which  go  to  produce  force  and  heat, 
and  in  the  excretion  of  this  carbon,  aids  in  the  devel- 
opment of  the  lungs.  As  a  nutrient  stimulant  and 
tonic  and  for  the  relief  of  cough,  I  prescribe  such 
mixtures  in  nearly  all  cases. 

Fever. 

To  maintain  nutrition  one  of  the  primary  symp- 
toms which  has  to  be  met  is  fever;  for  as  is  well 
known,  fever  is  the  principal  indicator  of  the  condition 
and  attitude  of  the  disease.  It  points  out  whether  the 
disease  is  advancing,  remaining  stationary  or  dimin- 
ishing. When  there  is  high  fever,  nutrition  is  wasted 
and  our  patient  grows  thin.  Fever  is  tbe  result  of  a 
physiological  process  of  the  body;  and  were  tubercu- 
losis a  disease  of  a  few  days  instead  of  months,  it 
would  not  be  of  importance  to  keep  down  the  fever  for 
the  sake  of  nutrition  and  vitality.  From  these  facts  it 
will  be  seen  that  in  using  drugs  to  lower  temperature 
we  should  use  something  which  will  at  the  same  time 
tend  to  eliminate  toxic  products. 

Another  symptom  which  makes  its  appearance 
early  in  the  diseases  is  nervousness.  This  nervous- 
ness has  much  to  do  with  the  temperature  of  some 
tubercular  patients ;  the  remedy  should  quiet  nervous- 
ness. On  account  of  the  marked  anemia  which  ac- 
companies and  foreruns  tuberculosis,  the  heart,  neces- 
sarily is  poorly  nourished,  and  at  the  same  time  has 
an  extra  amount  of  work  to  perform;  the  remedy 
should,  therefore,  stimulate  the  heart;  at  the  same 
time  by  its  sedative  action  it  should  lessen  cough. 
Therefore,  to  the  usual  anti-fever  remedies  should  be 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  179 

added  diuretics  and  heart  stimulants.  With  my  pa- 
tients in  general  I  supply  them  with  a  combination 
powder  according  to  the  following  formula  to  meet 
these  conditions : 

19 — Acetanilid    3  pounds. 

Caffeine ^  pound. 

Ipecac    I  pound, 

Ammon.  Carb ^  pound. 

Pulv.  sugar 6  pounds. 

Mix.    Dose — Five  to  ten  grains. 

Patients  are  instructed  to  take  this  should  they  feel 
that  they  have  taken  the  slightest  cold,  for  we  must 
stop  a  cold  at  once,  that  further  lung  tissue  may  not  be 
unnecessarily  destroyed.  With  many  cases  I  have 
them  take  one  or  two  doses  before  retiring  at  night 
to  induce  sleep  and  promote  expectoration.  All  pa- 
tients carry  a  package  of  the  powder  about  with  them 
to  use  in  the  emergency  of  taking  cold,  and  to  use  dur- 
ing the  day  where  there  is  much  fever. 

Wliile  the  therapeutics  of  tuberculosis  embraces 
nearly  all  of  the  materia  medica,  as  to  when  and 
where  to  use  remedies  and  when  and  what 
not  to  use,  is  where  the  good  judgment  of  the 
experienced  physician  must  be  used.  Experience 
teaches  us  that  we  must  not  give  any  drug  which  we 
do  not  know  will  benefit  our  patient,  and  that  we  must 
not  overdose  them;  still  we  must  ever  be  on  the  alert 
and  make  the  best  of  every  therapeutic  measure  which 
we  know  will  be  of  benefit.  In  a  chronic  disease  of 
this  kind  many  small  things  are  often  neglected  which, 
in  the  end,  would  have  saved  the  life  of  the  patient. 

Hydrotherapeutic  measures  have  gained  favor  in 
the  hands  of  many.    The  wet  pack  applied  to  the  chest 


180  KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

at  night  is  sometimes  beneficial;  while  in  the  home 
treatment  and  management  of  tuberculosis  we  must 
instl'uct  our  patients  as  to  proper  bathing,  in  that  they 
do  not  harm  themselves.  In  all  hydrotherapeutic 
measures  we  should  avoid  chills.  Frequent  bathing  is 
to  be  recommended,  which  is  to  be  done  with  care,  or 
cliill  is  very  apt  to  follow  if  the  patient  is  in  a  weak 
condition.  Taking  a  patient  that  is  not  far  advanced 
in  the  disease,  or  one  with  an  inherited  tendency  or 
of  a  phthisical  habit  of  body,  the  bath  to  be  recom- 
mended is  a  spray  bath  of  short  duration ;  only  a  sec- 
ond is  time  enough,  the  water  being  turned  on  and  off 
instantly,  and  at  a  temperature  as  cold  as  can  be 
borne.  The  idea  is  to  give  the  body  a  shock,  which  is 
characterized  by  great  re-action,  bringing  the  blood 
to  the  surface,  causing  a  ruddy  glow.  This  kind  of 
bath  tends  to  fortify  the  system  and  builds  up  its  re- 
sistance against  taking  cold.  In  addition,  the  ordinary 
tub  bath  should  be  taken  twice  weekly.  When  the  pa- 
tient in  hand  is  weak  such  baths  cannot  be  taken  with- 
out causing  a  chill,  and,  therefore,  doing  harm.  Now 
in  these  weak  cases  great  caution  must  be  exercised, 
and  a  warm  sponge  bath  is  often  all  that  can  be  recom- 
mended, the  patient's  body  being  exposed  only  partly 
at  a  time,  after  which  they  should  be  thoroughly 
rubbed  with  cocoanut  oil.  Oiling  the  skin  protects  the 
patient  from  taking  cold,  and  some  of  the  oil  is  prob- 
ably absorbed  to  nourish  the  body. 

While  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  form  the  most 
valuable  part  of  the  treatment  of  tuberculosis,  with 
this  treatment  should  be  added  all  that  has  been  found 
useful  to  combat  the  disease,  and  I  only  record  the 
balance  of  the  treatment  as  mere  suggestions  to  aid 
in  the  rapid  cure  of  the  patient.    The  three  great  rem- 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  181 

edies  for  the  cure  of  tuberculosis  are:  First,  subcu- 
taneous injections  of  oil ;  second,  diet ;  and,  third,  rest, 
to  which  could  be  added  a  fourth — outdoor  camp  life. 

Rest. 

The  fevered  patient  should  rest  in  bed,  either  in  a 
well-ventilated  house,  or  better,  in  a  tent  out  doors  all 
the  time. 

Outdoor  Tent  Life, 

Next  in  importance  I  place  outdoor  tent  life.  I  was 
one  of  the  first  to  advocate  tent  colonies  for  tubercular 
invalids,  and  an  experience  with  many  cases  teaches 
me  that  no  house  can  take  the  place  of  a  tent. 

Thirty-five  years  ago  it  was  the  custom  of  physi- 
cians to  send  their  patients  with  pulmonary  tubercu- 
losis to  Northern  Minnesota;  the  pendulum  swung  in 
the  opposte  direction  and  patients  were  sent  to  the 
West  and  Southwest,  and  there  is  no  doubt  as  to  the 
value  of  these  sections,  being  dry,  with  plenty  of  sun- 
shine, low  atmospheric  pressure,  warm  days  and  cold 
nights.  But  I  think  that  the  pendulum  is  again  swing- 
ing to  the  Northwest  because  of  the  greater  mental 
hygiene  which  is  to  be  enjoyed,  where  we  have  green 
grass  instead  of  sand  plains,  an  occasional  rain  to 
purify  the  air  instead  of  sand-storms,  a  little  cloudy 
weather  to  vary  tlie  monotony  of  constant  sunshine; 
where  growing  forests  of  extreme  beauty  and  grandeur 
cover  a  great  part  of  this  favored  section  with  its 
spring-fed  lakes  and  streams,  affording  good  fishing, 
rowing,  and  change  of  scenery,  and  an  incentive  to 
keep  out  in  the  sunshine.  A  camp  in  the  North  woods 
affords  so  many  things  to  occupy  the  mind  that  one 
can  scarce  find  time  to  think  of  his  condition  of  health. 


182  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

It  has  been  argued  with  good  judgment  that  the  con- 
sumptive patient  should  not  exercise  enough  to  fatigue 
himself,  which  is  very  little,  but  in  fishing  you  have 
an  occupation  of  a  pleasurable  nature  without  too 
much  activity.  If  one  will  study  the  weather  charts 
and  maps  he  will  see  that  there  is  a  section  of  North- 
ern Wisconsin  where  atmospheric  pressure  is  light 
and,  therefore,  stimulating.  This  is  the  light-air  belt, 
and  here  the  air  is  particularly  fresh  and  full  of  ozone. 
Lake  Superior  purifies  the  air  from  the  north  and 
Lake  Michigan  from  the  east,  while  great  forests  to 
the  west,  south  and  all  around  laden  the  air  with  bal- 
sam fragrance.  Then,  too,  the  sun  has  a  very  power- 
ful chemical  effect  and  produces  tan  very  rapidly, 
thus  promoting  activity  of  the  blood  cells  and  increas- 
ing their  assimilative  powers.  Here  I  have  located 
my  outdoor  summer  camp  for  invalids,  and  results  are 
proving  satisfactory. 


CHAPTER  XVII. 

A  DEMONSTRATION  OF  THE  CURE  OF  CONSUMPTION 

WITH  SUBCUTANEOUS  INJECTIONS 

OF  OIL. 

We  shall  now  demonstrate  the  correctness  of  the 
theories  which  we  have  here  advanced  by  reporting  the 
cases  which  have  been  under  treatment  with  the  sub- 
cutaneous injections  of  oil. 

Case  I.  The  first  case  which  I  treated  was  Mr.  B. 
C,  Chicago,  age  22,  family  history  negative,  normal 
weight  140  pounds,  weight  at  the  beginning  of  treat- 
ment 124  pounds.  He  had  had  pulmonary  tuberculosis 
for  two  years  previous  to  this  date  and  at  the  time 
treatment  was  commenced  this  patient  presented  a 
marked  depression  of  the  chest  on  the  right  side,  be- 
neath which  was  a  large  cavity  in  the  lung.  The 
patient  was  very  weak  and  short  of  breath  and  raised 
a  large  amount  of  mucous,  which  contained  tubercle 
bacilli.  His  temperature  was  101  at  2 :30  in  the  after- 
noon. He  was  growing  weaker  and  was  considered  a 
very  unfavorable  case  to  treat. 

Treatment  was  commenced  April  12  with  the  injec- 
tions of  oil  subcutaneously,  and  the  usual  internal 
treatments  which  we  have  described.  At  the  end  of 
three  weeks  the  temperature  of  our  patient  had  grad- 
ually returned  to  normal  and  remained  there  and  his 
weight  had  increased  thirteen  pounds.  This  patient 
v^-as  treated  for  six  months  daily,  except  Sunday,  with 
one  ounce  injections  of  oil  subcutaneously.  During  the 
above  period  all  of  the  symptoms  of  the  disease  disap- 

183 


184  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

peared,  the  cavity  having  healed  and  filled  with  tissue 
so  that  no  cavity  remained.  His  weight  increased  to 
194  pounds,  making  a  total  gain  in  weight  of  64  pounds. 

Case  IV.  Mr.  F.  S.,  Phillips,  Wis.,  August,  1905. 
This  gentleman  had  been  growling  weaker  and  thinner 
for  several  months  before  I  saw  him.  At  the  time  he 
presented  himself  his  pupils  were  widely  dilated,  and 
as  he  expressed  it  he  "was  all  in  and  hardly  able  to 
walk."  He  had  a  depression  over  the  right  chest  at 
about  the  third  or  fourth  rib,  underneath  which  were 
moist  rales.  The  patient  coughed  and  raised  consider- 
able mucous  early  in  the  morning  and  the  sputum  con- 
tained tubercle  bacilli.  There  was  the  usual  rise  of 
temperature  in  the  afternoon  with  a  marked  hectic 
flush.  This  patient  was  treated  about  one  month  and 
gained  fourteen  pounds  in  weight  and  all  of  the  symp- 
toms of  the  disease  disappeared.  He  assimilated  fats 
and  oils  well  from  the  intestine  so  that  it  was  not 
necessary  to  continue  the  injections.  He  has  since 
believed  in  eating  a  good  supply  of  fats  and  conse- 
quently has  remained  well. 

Case  V.  Mr.  F.  B.,  Chicago,  had  been  a  patient  for 
some  two  or  three  years.  During  that  time  he  had  a 
mild  tubercular  affection  of  the  lungs  which  responded 
to  out-door-tent  life  and  a  liberal  diet  of  fats,  butter 
and  oil.  This  patient,  however,  was  irregular  in  his 
eating  habits  and  at  times  would  resume  his  tubercular 
habit  of  eating  (by  which  I  mean  he  would  not  eat  a 
sufficient  quantity  of  fats  and  oils,  and  if  eaten  would 
not  assimilate  them).  While  I  was  out  of  the  city  for 
about  a  year,  making  a  study  of  the  various  climates 
of  the  country,  this  patient  contracted  what  he  termed 
a  cold,  from  which  he  was  unable  to  recover,  and  which 
he  had  doctored  for  some  six  months.     For  this  he 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  185 

blamed  me,  saying  that  I  was  the  only  one  who  under- 
stood his  colds  and  consequently  no  one  had  been  able 
to  cure  him.  The  facts  were  these :  This  patient  had  a 
small  cavity  in  one  lung  a  little  larger  than  a  hickory 
nut,  afternoon  temperature  101,  cough  with  the  raising 
of  mucous,  especially  abundant  in  the  morning.  The 
sputum  contained  tubercle  bacilli. 

Our  patient  stated  that  he  had  been  taking  oil  and 
butter  in  liberal  quantities,  as  I  had  instructed  him 
some  years  previous,  but  that  he  was  gradually  losing 
in  weight.  Friends  who  knew  this  patient  were  anxious 
and  did  not  expect  him  to  live  but  a  short  time. 
Under  the  treatment  with  subcutaneous  injections  of 
oil  he  responded  immediately,  and  after  seven  weeks' 
treatment  was  able  to  discontinue  the  same.  All  of 
the  symptoms  of  the  disease  had  disappeared,  the  cav- 
ity had  healed,  and  he  had  gained  some  twelve  pounds 
in  weight.  He  has  been  married  since  and  remains 
well.    This  was  three  years  ago. 

Case  VI.  Mr.  E.  P.,  Park  Falls,  Wis.  While  on 
his  way  to  the  Southwest,  because  of  his  health,  he 
stopped  otf  to  consult  me  and  I  persuaded  him  to  stay 
and  take  the  treatment.  Diagnosis,  pulmonary  tuber- 
culosis. His  temperature  afternoons  was  up  to  101,  he 
coughed  considerably,  and  raised  a  large  amount  of 
mucous.  He  was  weak,  had  night  sweats,  and  had 
gradually  lost  in  weight.  Treatment  with  one  ounce 
injections  of  oil  subcutaneously  were  given.  You  can 
imagine  how  pleased  a  patient  would  be  who  had  been 
watching  his  weight  decrease,  to  now  watch  it  increase. 
He  made  a  gain  of  fifteen  and  one-half  pounds  in  one 
month's  treatment  and  all  of  the  symptoms  of  the  dis- 
ease disappeared.  He  established  the  habit  of  eating 
and  assimilating  fats  very  quickly,  and  consequently 


186  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

the  tuberculosis  and  tubercular  habits  were  cured.  He 
has  since  remained  well,  a  period  of  two  years,  and  is 
working  at  his  old  occupation. 

Case  VII.  The  following  case  which  I  present  is 
rather  remarkable  because  of  the  advanced  and  un- 
favorable condition  of  the  disease  at  the  time  treat- 
ment was  commenced,  and  because  of  the  disappear- 
ance of  all  tubercular  symptoms  and  the  great  gain  in 
weight. 

Mr.  W.  L.  G.,  Chicago,  age  57,  family  history  neg- 
ative, with  the  exception  of  a  niece  who  died  of  tuber- 
culosis. The  patient's  history  is  as  follows:  When 
a  young  man  26  years  of  age,  he  was  told  by  several 
prominent  physicians  that  his  lungs  were  affected 
and  that  it  was  not  likely  that  he  could  live  in  this 
climate  for  any  length  of  time,  and  he  was  advised 
then  to  change  to  another  climate.  He  did  not  change, 
however,  but  he  did  change  his  occupation  to  one 
which  kept  him  out  of  doors,  and  he  improved  in 
health.  For  a  number  of  years  previous  to  the  treat- 
ment Mr.  G.  was  troubled  considerably  all  of  the  time 
with  a  cough,  which  he  termed  chronic  bronchitis.  This 
patient  is  of  an  athletic  build,  about  six  feet  tall,  broad 
chested,  and  weighed  at  that  time  about  200  pounds. 
He  was  a  man  who  lived  well,  choosing  nutritious 
food,  and  this  accounts  for  his  not  running  down,  or 
the  disease  advancing  at  that  time.  Still  this  patient 
did  not  assimilate  enough  nutrition  to  overcome  the 
chronic  cough  with  expectoration  of  mucous,  though 
he  did  assimilate  sufficient  nutrition  to  prevent  the 
disease  from  becoming  active.  Some  three  years  pre- 
vious to  the  treatment  of  this  patient  with  subcutane- 
ous injections  of  oil  I  examined  him  and  found  a  small 
cavity  about  the  size  of  an  English  walnut  in  the  front 


KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  187 

medium  part  of  the  right  lung.     There  were  some 
moist  rales  to  be  heard  about  this  cavity.     Owing  to 
the  good  constitution  and  otherwise  good  condition  of 
the  patient  at  that  time  and  as  he  felt  comparatively 
well,  and  was  without  fever,  I  advised  a  diet  composed 
of  a  good,  quantity  of  fat,  at  least  one-fourth  pound  of 
butter  daily,  and  a  tablespoonful  of  olive  oil  twice 
daily.  Under  the  above  treatment  the  patient  improved 
greatly  and  the  cough  almost  entirely  disappeared,  and 
his  weight  increased  to  212  pounds,  more  than  he  had 
ever  weighed  up  to  that  time.    As  stated  before,  I  was 
out  of  the  city  for  about  a  year,  and  during  this  time 
the  patient  was  not  feeling  well,  and  he  consulted  a 
physician  who  advised  him  that  his  trouble  was  not 
so  much  in  his  lungs  as  in  his  stomach  and  liver,  and 
that  for  his  liver's  sake  they  would  bombard  it  and 
that  he  must  not  eat  fats  or   oils.     They  certainly 
did  bombard  his  liver  by  withdrawing  fats  and  oils, 
for  withdrawing  fats  and  oils  can  do  nothing  else  but 
bombard  a  liver.     It  will  starve  it  to  death  in  one 
accustomed  to  fats  in  his  diet,  and  such  withdrawals  of 
fats  and  oils  from  the  diet  of  a  fleshy  person  are  very 
apt  to  be  followed  by  some  liver  trouble,  especially 
gall  stones,  so  that  the  bombardment  of  the  liver  in 
this  way  is  misdirected.  Not  only  the  defensive  powers 
of  the  liver  are  lessened,  but  the  defensive  powers  of 
the  whole  system  become  bankrupt.     At  this  time  I 
had  returned  to  the  city  and  was  consulted  by  the  pa- 
tient June  14,  1906.  Knowing  the  heretofore  good  con- 
stitution of  the  patient,  and  his  great  recuperative 
powers,  I  again  advised  the  diet  of  butter,  fats  and 
oils    as    previously.     His    temperature    at    this    time 
ranged  about  101  afternoons.     He  had  a  very  poor 
appetite,  and  insisted  that  his  sickness  was  due  to  his 


188  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

stomach  and  liver,  though  he  was  coughing  and  rais- 
ing a  large  amount  of  mucous.  The  cavity  of  the  lung 
had»also  increased  in  size.  He  was  continued  on  the 
diet  with  a  large  amount  of  fat  and  oil  until  July  16 
(about  one  month),  though  he  continued  to  grow 
weaker  and  his  fever  higher.  His  symptoms  now  were 
very  acute  and  he  was  losing  rapidly.  Microscopical 
examination  showed  shreds  of  lung  tissue  and  numer- 
ous tubercle  bacilli.  His  temperature  was  102  both 
night  and  morning,  and  his  weight  at  this  time  was 
160  pounds.  The  strength  and  will  power  of  the  patient 
were  sufficient  to  keep  him  up  and  about,  but  we  ad- 
vised him  to  go  to  bed  and  stay  there,  and  we  com- 
menced the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil.  The  patient 
continued  to  grow  worse,  and  to  grow  thinner,  and  I 
estimate  that  this  patient  lost  twenty  or  thirty  pounds 
more  in  weight.  It  seemed  to  me  a  shame  to  pester 
this  man,  this  friend  of  mine,  with  the  subcutaneous 
injections  of  oil.  I  almost  dreaded  to  call  on  him, 
thinking  that  because  of  the  acuteness  of  the  disease, 
the  large  amount  of  lung  tissue  destroyed,  (cavity  in 
lung  had  now  increased  to  a  size  larger  than  a  base 
ball),  that  it  was  useless  and  that  the  injections  were 
only  adding  to  his  misery.  But  our  patient  never  com- 
plained. One  ounce  injections  of  oil  subcutaneously 
were  given  daily.  At  the  end  of  the  third  week  the 
patient  commenced  to  improve,  and  he  gained  steadily, 
and  at  the  end  of  the  fifth  week  the  temperature  was 
normal,  and  he  had  gained  greatly  in  strength  and 
flesh.  Our  patient  again  weighed  160  pounds.  The 
patient  continued  under  the  treatment  with  daily  injec- 
tions of  oil  (though  he  was  able  to  resume  his  occu- 
pation at  this  time),  and  a  li1)eral  diet  of  fats  and  oils 
which  he  was  able  to  assimilate  and  take  with  relish. 


KEYES:     TPIE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  189 

The  lesson  had  been  taught  to  him,  though  rather 
severely,  that  his  trouble  had  been  due  to  a  lack  of 
assimilation  of  fats  and  oils.  This  patient  continued 
under  the  treatment  for  six  months,  with  a  steady 
gain  in  weight,  at  the  end  of  which  time  he  weighed 
233  pounds.  His  gain  therefore  was  about  100  pounds, 
and  there  were  at  this  time  no  symptoms  of  the  dis- 
ease. He  stopped  treatment,  saying  that  he  was  well. 
The  patient  has  remained  well  since  with  the  exception 
of  an  occasional  cold,  a  "grip,"  at  which  time  we 
would  resume  the  treatment  for  a  short  period.  I  am 
convinced  that  had  our  patient  remained  under  the 
treatment  for  three  months  longer,  so  as  to  be  sure 
that  his  lungs  were  perfectly  healed,  he  would  have 
been  in  such  condition  that  colds  would  not  have  af- 
fected his  lungs.  Further  I  wish  to  state  that  the  cavity 
which  existed  has  been  healed  and  filled  with  tissue, 
and  that  his  lungs  and  chest  have  developed  so  that 
there  is  no  lack  of  lung  tissue,  and  he  is  not  distressed 
from  short  breathing,  nor  is  there  any  other  symptom 
of  the  disease. 

Case  XIV.  Mrs.  E.  F.,  Chicago,  family  history 
negative.  Patient  had  pneumonia  five  years  ago,  which 
left  her  with  so-called  chronic  bronchitis  and  astlima. 
Her  weight  at  the  beginning  of  treatment  was  101 
pounds,  normal  weight  being  102  pounds.  Mrs.  F.  was 
treated  with  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  for  sixteen 
weeks,  making  a  gradual  gain  in  weight  up  to  110 
pounds,  at  which  time  she  seemed  free  from  all  symp- 
toms of  her  former  trouble.  During  the  summer  she 
continued  to  gain  without  the  treatments  and  weighed 
118  pounds  the  following  fall.  She  was  treated  some 
during  the  winter,   owing  to   a   severe   "cold"   con- 


190  KEYES :    THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

tracted.  -Her  weight  lias  remained  tlie  same  and  she 
has  been  free  from  asthma  and  cough. 

X^ase  XV.  Our  office  girl  weighed  114  pounds.  She 
was  treated  six  times  and  gained  six  pounds.  I  men- 
tion this  to  show  the  increase  in  weight  and  nutrition 
when  the  treatment  is  given  to  one  who  is  not  suffering 
from  the  disease,  but  a  probable  condidate,  as  she 
abhors  fats  and  oils,  and  consequently  is  poorly  nour- 
ished. 

Case  XVII.  Mr.  E.  L.,  Chicago.  Diagnosis,  chronic 
tuberculosis.  Temperature  at  2 :30  ranged  from  99  1-5 
to  100  2-5.  He  was  treated  with  subcutaneous  injec- 
tions of  oil  for  eight  weeks.  He  made  a  gain  of  five 
pounds  in  weight  and  all  symptoms  of  the  disease  dis- 
appeared. This  was  not  a  desirable  case  to  treat, 
owing  to  his  alcohol  habit,  though  he  is  remaining  well. 

Case  XVIII.  Dr.  F.  K.  R.  had  been  operated  upon 
some  years  ago  for  tubercular  glands  of  the  neck.  At 
the  time  he  came  for  treatment  he  had  a  slight  rise  of 
temperature  afternoons.  Weight  June  13,  the  time  we 
commenced  the  injections,  133  pounds,  at  which  weight 
the  doctor  had  been  stationary  for  years,  though  he 
had  tried  to  increase  his  weight  by  every  possible 
means  of  diet.  He  was  treated  seven  weeks  and  made 
a  gradual  improvement  in  health  and  physical  strength, 
and  increased  in  weight  to  139^  pounds.  At  this  time 
I  left  the  city  for  my  summer  camp  for  five  weeks.  As 
he  was  unable  to  go  with  me  I  advised  him  to  take 
large  quantities  of  butter,  oil  and  fats  in  his  diet,  which 
he  did.  Upon  my  return  he  informed  me  that  he  had 
used  every  possible  means  to  increase  his  weight,  but 
it  was  evident  that  he  had  not  yet  formed  the  habit 
ol  assimilating  fats,  for  his  weight  had  remained  about 
stationary,  being  138^  pounds.    We  again  commenced 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  191 

the  treatment  with  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil,  treat- 
ing him  every  other  day,  and  irregularly  for  two 
months.  At  the  end  of  this  time  he  had  gradually 
gained  to  145  pounds.  It  is  evident  that  he  is  now 
assimilating  the  fats  and  oils  for  he  has  since  gained 
to  150  pounds,  and  remains  in  perfect  physical  health. 

Case  XX.  A.  L.  F.  Diagnosis,  acute  tuberculosis. 
He  had  pneumonia  one  year  ago,  which  left  him  with 
a  chronic  cough,  and  this  cough  had  been  growing 
gradually  worse.  The  diagnosis  was  made  by  his  at- 
tending physician  as  tuberculosis,  and  he  consulted  me 
in  regard  to  treatment.  The  sj^mptoms  at  this  time 
were,  cough  during  the  night  and  day,  but  more  par- 
ticularly in  the  morning,  the  raising  of  considerable 
mucous,  and  a  temperature  of  101  at  2 :30  p.  m.  He 
was  very  weak  but  working.  Normal  weight  had  been 
as  high  as  187  pounds,  but  for  the  past  year  had 
weighed  about  150  pounds.  When  treatment  was 
begun  his  weight  was  143  pounds.  This  patient  was 
treated  for  six  weeks  with  subcutaneous  injections  of 
oil.  He  made  a  gain  of  five  pounds  in  weight.  All 
symptoms  of  the  disease  disappeared.  The  habit  of 
assimilating  oils  and  fats  was  formed.  These  fats  he 
is  now  taking  in  liberal  quantities  in  his  diet  and  he 
remains  well. 

Case  XXI.  Mr.  C.  L.,  Chicago,  Norwegian,  age 
49,  married,  family  history  negative.  When  treatment 
was  commenced  his  weight  was  153  pounds,  normal 
weight  being  153  pounds.  He  had  been  troubled  with 
a  chronic  cough  for  twenty  years.  All  of  this  time  he 
had  raised  some  mucous,  and  very  frequently  of  late 
years  had  hemorrhages  from  the  lungs.  He  had  hem- 
orrhages daily  for  about  two  weeks  previous  to  the 
treatment.    His  cough  was  very  severe.     Diagnosis, 


192  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

chronic  fibrous  tuberculosis.  This  patient  was  treated 
for  twelve  weeks  daily  except  Sundays  with  one  OMUce 
injections  of  oil,  and  the  usual  diet.  He  made  a  grad- 
ual gain  in  weight  of  twelve  pounds  and  his  cough 
stopped.  There  has  been  no  hemorrhage  since  the 
second  week's  treatment.  He  remains  well  without 
further  treatment. 

Case  XXII.  Master  E.  R.,  age  13.  Diagnosis, 
acute  tuberculosis.  This  patient  had  moist  rales  over 
the  entire  anterior  surface  of  both  lungs.  A  diagnosis 
of  tuberculosis  was  made  by  the  family  physician  and 
advice  was  given  that  our  patient  should  change  cli- 
mates, and  his  father  was  informed  that  the  boy  would 
probably  not  live  more  than  a  few  months.  I  saw  the 
boy  at  this  time  and  I  do  not  believe  that  he  would  have 
lived  that  long  under  any  change  of  climate  or  under 
any  other  treatment  than  the  subcutaneous  injections 
of  oil.  Examination  of  sputum  showed  numerous 
tubercle  bacilli.  Temperature  101  at  2 :30.  Weight  81 
pounds.  This  patient  gained  thirteen  pounds  in 
weight  and  grew  one  and  one-half  inches  taller  under 
three  months'  treatment.  All  symptoms  of  the  dis- 
ease disappeared,  and  our  patient  felt  in  better  health 
than  ever  before  during  his  life.  We  continued  the 
injections  for  six  months  for  the  reason  that  the  tuber- 
cular habit  of  not  assimilating  oils  from  his  diet  was 
not  corrected.  Wlien  he  assimilated  the  oil  from  his 
diet  we  stopped  the  injections.  We  know  that  our 
patient  will  remain  well  providing  that  he  always 
continues  .his  habit  of  eating  and  assimilating  oils 
and  fats. 

Case  XXIV.  Mr.  E.  J.  G.,  Chicago,  age  28.  He 
had  pneumonia  twice  ten  years  ago,  from  which,  time 
he   dates   a   chronic   cough   with   raising  of  mucous. 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  193 

Diagnosis,  clironic  pulmonary  tuberculosis  of  a  favor- 
able condition  to  treat.  Diagnosis  confirmed  by  micro- 
scopical findings  in  the  sputum.  When  beginning 
treatment  his  temperature  was  98,  pulse  92,  weight 
117  pounds,  his  normal  weight  being  128  pounds.  This 
patient  was  treated  for  one  month  daily  excepting  Sun- 
day, with  one  ounce  injections  of  oil  and  a  liberal  diet 
of  fats.  He  made  a  gain  of  six  pounds  and  seemed  in 
good  health,  and  has  since  remained  well. 

With  many  of  these  cases  it  requires  constant  train- 
ing for  several  months  to  a  diet  of  fats  before  these 
fats  will  be  assimilated,  and  until  then  we  cannot  dis- 
continue the  treatment  with  subcutaneous  injections  of 
oil  with  safety.  As  to  whether  these  patients  remain 
well  and  free  from  any  symptoms  of  tuberculosis  all 
depends  upon  their  maintaining  this  habit  of  assimi- 
lating oils,  by  not  letting  a  meal  go  by  in  which  a 
liberal  quantity  of  fat  in  some  form  is  eaten. 

All  of  the  above  cases  have  been  free  from  the 
symptoms  of  the  disease  tuberculosis  since  they  have 
stopped  treatment,  the  time  varying  from  four  years 
to  three  months  in  the  latter  cases. 

Case  XXV.  Mr.  E.  E.  D.,  of  Chile,  Wis.  I  report 
this  case  in  full  because  it  shows  the  wonderful  cura- 
tive action  of  the  injections  of  oil,  and  while  this  case 
died  of  pneumonia,  he  was  cured  of  the  tubercular 
condition  of  the  lungs.  It  is  one  of  the  saddest  experi- 
ences I  have  had  in  the  practice  of  medicine,  for  he  had 
no  symptoms  of  tuberculosis  at  the  time  he  contracted 
pneumonia  and  it  seemed  that  he  could  go  home  a 
cured  man.  It  was  not  a  tubercular  pneumonia  that  he 
contracted,  but  a  typical  acute  pneumonia. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  my  chart  history  of  tlie 
case: 


194  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

TH08.  BASSETT  KEYES,  M.  D. 

TUBERCULOSIS  CASE  NO.  25  CLINICAL  RECORD 

DATE— Sept.  9,  1907  NAME— E.  J.  D.,  Chile,  Wis. 


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MEDICINE. 


REMARKS. 


Sept.    9  12.00 


lOOJ 


Oct. 


Nov. 


10  11.00 

98 

111  ' 

" 

12;  " 

98g 

13   " 

N 

14   " 

" 

15   " 

" 

16   " 

" 

17 

" 

" 

18 

" 

" 

19 

" 

" 

20 

" 

" 

21 

" 

" 

22 

" 

" 

23 

4.20 

99i 

24 

" 

99 

25 

" 

99i 

26 

** 

99i 

27 

" 

994 

28 

" 

30 

" 

1 

" 

100 

2 

" 

3 

" 

100 

4 

" 

6 

" 

N 

7 

" 

99J 

8 

" 

99i 

9 

" 

99i 

10 

** 

9Pg 

11 

10.30 

N 

12 

'* 

\\ 

14 

•■ 

" 

15 

" 

" 

16 

" 

** 

17 

" 

" 

18 

" 

" 

19 

•* 

21 

" 

" 

22 

" 

" 

23 

" 

" 

24 

" 

" 

25 

" 

" 

26 

** 

'* 

28 

" 

'• 

29 

" 

" 

30 

" 

" 

31 

" 

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.  1 

" 

'* 

2 

" 

" 

3 

" 

" 

4 

** 

" 

6 

" 

lOOJ 

6 

" 

99« 

7 

" 

99J 

8 

" 

N 

9 

" 

100 

112 


103 


102 


24 


100 


lOOi 


100 
99i 
99i 

99J 

100 

991 

99 
100 

N 

99 
N 
99i 
100 
99  J 

99J 
991 
100 

N 
99i 


99i 


99 

99§ 

100 

N 
99^ 

99' 

98* 

N 


1  Oz.  Injection     oil. 


Usual 


1  Oz.  Injection  of  oil 
and  stimulating  cur- 
munative. 


Patient  very  | 
weak  and  gets 
out  of  breath 
walking  one  j 
block. 


Coughs    some 
but  raises  less 


Vomited  last 
night,  diarr- 
hoea. 


Feeling 
strong  and 
fine. 


Appetite  good 
vomited    last 
night. 


Feehng  fine. 


Cold  in  head. 


Cold  in  head 
and  throat. 


147i 

149 

151 

150 

151 

152 

ISli 

154 

154 

154 

154 

154 

154 

155 

155^ 

156 

1551 

156i 

157^ 

156 

157 

157i 

156 

157i 

1573 

158 

158 

158 

157i 

158 

158 

159 

160 

159i 

161 

161 

161 

160 

162 

161 

162 

162i 

162i 

162i 

163 

163^ 

163 

164 

164i 

164| 


Very  bad  cold  163 
and  bodyache  165 
Raises    about  165  J 
twice  as  much!  165i 
as  usual.  165j 

Walks  home    165i 
after  treat-     ' 


N_in  these  tables  signifies  normal. 


20 


KEYES 

:     THE 

RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

195 

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N 

N 

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Usual  ment,  dist- 

166i 

"       12 

" 

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**           '                " 

ance  about  16 

166 

"      13 

" 

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167i 

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166 

"      15 

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165i 

"      16 

" 

" 

99 

" 

noon. 

166 

"      18 

.. 

.. 

N 

".„ 

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Eeels  fine  but 

166J 

"      19 

" 

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" 

" 

taken  little 

166i 

"      20 

" 

" 

.1           «i               .1 

" 

cold. 

166§ 

"      21 

" 

" 

" 

"           "               " 

Vomited   sup- 

165^ 

"      22 

" 

" 

" 

per,    Vomited 

165 

"      23 

'* 

" 

(4                             ((                                        K 

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breakfast  and. 

,, 

,. 

supper. 

166 

"      25 

.. 

"      26 

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"      28 

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"                             "                                        ". 

11 

"      29 

" 

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((                             1.                                        II 

'* 

"      30 

" 

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" 

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Dec.     2 

" 

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" 

..               . 

" 

Out    looking 

167^ 

3 

*' 

"                             "                                      " 

" 

for  a  new  • 

167i 

4 

*' 

" 

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II                             11                                         » 

** 

boarding 

168^ 

5 

place. 

168§ 

6 

" 

'* 

II                             11                                         II 

" 

170 

7 

** 

*' 

" 

II                             II                                        II 

" 

170 

9 

.. 

" 

1. 

" 

Went  to  the- 

171 

"      10 

" 

" 

" 

II                             1.                                        II 

ater  and  up 

172 

"      11 

" 

" 

" 

"        .                    ".                                     "         ,- 

late  two 

170 

"      12 

" 

11                             It                                        II 

" 

nights  which 

171J 

"       13 

" 

" 

'* 

II                             II                                        1* 

*' 

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170i 

"      14 

*' 

'* 

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II                        ,11                                        II 

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set  back. 

"      16 

-.. 

'. 

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■                    M 

" 

17U 

"      17 

" 

" 

" 

*'                                                                   *'                                                          ^                             '* 

" 

171§ 

"       18 

" 

" 

" 

ii                         1(                                   n 

171J 

"      19 

" 

" 

(4                             It                                        4( 

" 

17U 

"      20 

" 

" 

'* 

li                             (1                                        It 

'* 

17H 

"      21 

Belly  ache 
from  eating 

nn 

"      23 

*' 

" 

'* 

It                       ,      tt                                        II 

cold  storage 

170i 

"      24 

'•'• 

'.'.              "                    " 

" 

eggs.  __ 

169i 
169J 

"      26 

" 

" 

" 

"               "                     " 

'* 

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169i 

"      27 

' 

" 

" 

"               " 

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169  J 

"      28 

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170i 

'      30 

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169J 

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171i 
171 

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"               "                     " 

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17U 

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173 

4 

*' 

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Patient    has 

6 

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" 

103 

'•              "                    " 

" 

the  grip. 

172J 

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173 

"        8 

"  . 

N 

99J 

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170i 

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II               11                    11 

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170i 

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169 

"      13 

.. 

. 

.. 

1. 

.. 

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168i 

"      14 

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" 

99 

11               11                    11 

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feels  as  if  a 

168i 

"      15 

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"     16 

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namite  had 

168 

"      17 

" 

100 

991 



" 

exploded  in- 
side of  him. 

168  J 

Patient  taken  with  pneumonia  and  died  in  48  hours. 


196 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 


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198  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

We  shall  now  report  the  three  cases  who  died  of 
the  disease  while  still  under  treatment.  You  will  agree 
with  J  me  that  even  in  these  advanced  cases,  the  sub- 
cutaneous injections  of  oil  have  acted  as  a  wonderful 
and  actual  specific  benefit.  This  could  be  better  rea- 
lized by  you  if  you  had  seen  the  cases  as  they  were 
treated,  seen  the  advanced  condition  of  the  disease, 
and  the  wonderful  strides  which  they  made  toward 
health. 

Case  IX.  Mr.  M.  G.  M.,  Chicago.  Diagnosis,  chronic 
fibrous  tuberculosis  of  several  years'  standing.  Patient 
small ;  of  poor  development  of  chest  and  body.  He  was 
unable  to  expand  his  chest  but  very  little  with  his  best 
efforts,  most  of  his  breathing  being  diaphragmatic. 
This  was  due  to  the  large  deposits  of  fibrous  tissue 
throughout  the  lungs.  What  a  shame  that  this  patient 
should  become  so  far  advanced  with  the  disease,  for 
he  would  have  been  a  very  favorable  case  to  cure  had 
he  received  any  attention,  or  even  proper  advice  early 
in  the  disease.  For  here  his  own  system  was  continu- 
ally working  to  heal  the  lung  and  still  he  did  not  have 
sufficient  nutrition  to  entirely  overcome  the  disease, 
and  as  the  fire  crept  on  the  scars  would  form,  and 
heal  that  part  seared  from  the  disease.  This  patient 
was  not  in  such  circumstances  that  he  could  stop  work. 
He  improved  greatly  under  treatment  but  was  taken 
with  an  acute  pneumonia.'  They  would  not  allow  him 
to  stay  at  his  boarding  house,  and  he  was  removed  to 
the  County  Hospital.  He  recovered  from  the  pneu- 
monia but  on  account  of  lack  of  lung  tissue  it  was  not 
thought  advisable  to  treat  him  further  and  he  died  a 
short  time  later. 

The  following  case  presented  the  most  advanced 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  199 

condition  of  chronic  fibrous  tuberculosis  that  I  have 
ever  treated  or  seen: 

Case  XIII.  Mr.  W.  M.,  Chicago,  March,  1907.  Car- 
penter, age  about  27.  The  patient  coughed  and  raised 
some  mucous.  No  temperature.  When  the  chest  of 
this  patient  was  exposed  and  he  made  efforts  of  ex- 
pansion no  detection  of  breathing  motion  from  the 
chest  could  be  seen  above  the  fifth  rib.  It  was  like 
looking  at  the  chest  of  a  dead  man.  Air  could  be 
heard  coming  in  the  lungs  only  beneath  and  below  the 
shoulder  blades.  Pulse  108,  weight  126  pounds.  This 
patient  was  treated  with  one  ounce  injections  of  oil  for 
nine  weeks,  and  he  made  a  gradual  increase  in  weight 
up  to  145  pounds.  His  strength  increased  greatly  and 
his  breathing  was  less  laborious.  The  formation  of 
mucous  from  his  lungs  stopped  entirely  as  well  as  the 
cough.  This  patient's  lungs  were  healed  but  there  was 
so  very  little  left  of  them  that  the  heart  had  to  work 
too  hard  to  keep  up  the  circulation  for  the  aeration  of 
the  blood,  and  with  the  relaxation  produced  by  the 
warm  June  days  (warm  days  and  nights  are  always 
bad  for  these  cases  and  cold  nights  and  cold  days  are 
the  heart's  best  stimulant)  his  feet  commenced  to 
swell.  This  was  June  10.  No  further  treatments  were 
given  for,  as  stated  before,  the  lungs  had  healed,  but 
too  late  in  the  disease.  He  died  at  the  end  of  the 
month,  his  heart  being  no  longer  able  to  carry  on  its 
great  labor. 

Case  XIX.  Mr.  E.  S.,  Chicago,  age  31,  family  his- 
tory negative.  The  duration  of  the  disease  to  patient's 
knowledge  was  two  years,  during  which  time  he  had 
been  at  Phoenix,  Arizona.  He  returned  to  Chicago  to 
die,  as  advised  by  his  physician  there.  Diagnosis,  ad- 
vanced fibrous  tuberculosis.    This  patient  could  lie  on 


200  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

his  left  side  only,  because  of  shortness  of  breath  and 
cough,  and  on  this  side  there  was  a  bed  sore.  After- 
nooi;  temperature  100.  Normal  weight  147  pounds; 
weight  at  beginning  of  treatment  1271/^  pounds.  He 
had  no  appetite  and  could  not  be  persuaded  to  eat.  He 
lived  on  six  cold  storage  eggs  a. day,  which  produced 
cramjDS  and  diarrhoea,  but  persuasion  as  to  a  suitable 
diet  produced  nothing  but  promises  to  do  better.  His 
limbs  were  swollen.  A  patient  advanced  to  this  de- 
gree was  beyond  any  hope,  but  he  desired  treatment. 
He  was  treated  one  month  with  the  subcutaneous  in- 
jections of  oil  in  doses  varying  from  a  drachm  to  an 
ounce,  and  during  this  time  he  improved  so  much  in 
nutrition  that  the  bed  sore  healed,  and  the  swelling 
seemed  to  diminish  some  from  his  feet.  He  gained 
some  five  pounds  in  flesh,  but  taking  cold  there  was 
not  enough  lung  tissue  left  to  aerate  the  blood  and  he 
died.  It  must  be  admitted,  all  things  considered,  that 
the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  influenced  the  dis- 
ease toward  recovery.  Such  a  case  as  this  if  taken 
earlier  could  certainly  have  been  cured.  If  he  had 
been  treated  by  this  method  instead  of  going  to  Ari- 
zona two  years  previous,  he  would  have  been  well  and 
free  from  the  disease. 

SUMMARY. 

In  summary  then  we  may  say,  in  view  of  the  facts, 
that  we  have  demonstrated  the  correctness  of  the  the- 
ories here  presented  and  that: 

1.  Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  do  cure  com 
sumption,  and  repair  great  tissue  destruction  of  the 
lungs. 

2.  That  the  ])atient  cured  will  remain  well,  pro- 
viding that  he  continues  the  eating  of  fats.  It  is  a 
good  rule  not  to  let  a  meal  go  by  without  taking  fat 


KEYES :     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  301 

in  some  form,  and  by  so  doing  keep  up  tlie  habit  of 
assimilating  tliem  from  the  intestine. 

3.  Since  fats  as  a  rule  are  not  assimilated  in  suffi- 
cient quantities  from  the  intestine  of  the  consumptive 
patient,  because  the  habit  of  assimilating  fats  has  not 
been  formed,  owing  to  the  patient's  abhorrence  of 
fats  and  oils,  and  because  of  the  torpidity  of  the  liver, 
the  pancreas  and  all  other  tissues  of  the  body,  there- 
fore, oils  must  be  injected  subcutaneously,  and  these 
injections  must  be  kept  up  until  the  lesions  are  healed 
and  the  habit  of  assimilating  fats  and  oils  from  the  in- 
testine is  established. 

4.  To  establish  the  habit  of  digesting  fats  and  as- 
similating oils  they  must  be  eaten  in  large  amounts 
and  continuously,  not  allowing  a  meal  to  go  by  without 
taking  them  in  liberal  quantities.  When  first  taken 
into  the  intestine  very  often  oils  break  up  into  fatty 
acids  and  glycerine  and  are  expelled,  or  they  are  not 
absorbed  and  pass  away  without  any  change.  Conse- 
quently, when  the  habit  of  assimilating  oils  is  once 
formed  it  should  be  maintained  by  their  constant  use, 
and  since  consumptive  patients  are  very  apt  to  relapse 
into  their  old  habit  of  abhorring  fats  and  oils,  they 
must  be  impressed  with  the  fact  that  in  their  condi- 
tion it  will  be  very  easy  for  them  to  get  out  of  the 
habit  of  assimilating  fats  and  oils  should  they  neglect 
to  eat  them,  and  in  that  case  there  may  be  a  return  of 
the  disease. 

5.  When  oils  are  injected  they  must  be  taken  up, 
and  be  excreted  principally  by  the  lungs  in  the  form  of 
carbon,  oil  l^eing  a  hydro-carbon.  They  therefore  aid 
and  produce  lung  development. 

6.  Life  and  vitality  of  the  human  being  are  de- 
pendent upon  a  sum  of  forces,  principal  of  which  is 


202  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

the  blood,  which  in  turn  is  dependent  upon  nutrition 
to  carry  on  the  metabolism  of  the  tissues.  Oil  is  an 
affinity  which  when  injected  unites  with  the  blood  and 
supplies  material  for  the  formation  of  tissue,  cell 
nutrition,  and  cell  activity,  and  consequently  builds  up 
nutrition  more  rapidly  than  any  other  means.  By  the 
injections  of  oil  the  blood  cells  find  for  their  growth  or 
repair,  or  for  the  nourishment  of  other  tissues  that 
which  they  readily  appropriate. 

7.  Subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  require  very 
little  energy  upon  the  part  of  the  body  to  convert  the 
oil  so  injected  into  body  heat,  energy,  life,  and  nutri- 
tion for  tissue  repair. 

8.  People  who  assimilate  fats  in  sufficient  quanti- 
ties do  not  have  consumption. 

9.  Oil  destroys  the  activity  of  germs  when  they 
are  placed  in  it  almost  immediately,  and  germs  so 
placed  in  oil  disappear  as  well. 

10.  Characteristic  of  tuberculosis  and  other  in- 
flammatory diseases  of  the  lungs  is  the  large  epithelial 
cells  swollen  with  fatty  substance,  and  this  precedes 
caseation,  during  which  process  the  bacilli  often  dis- 
appear. If  there  is  no  fat  eaten  in  our  diet,  or  if  this 
is  not  assimilated  and  the  fat  tissue  of  the  body  has 
been  exhausted  of  its  oil,  then  little  or  no  oil  can  be 
gathered  by  these  cells,  and  their  contents  is  more 
serious  and  the  destruction  of  the  germ  is  less  marked. 
Therefore,  the  subcutaneous  injections  of  oil  do  supply 
the  necessary  material  for  the  destruction  of  the  germ 
of  the  disease,  in  just  such  a  way  and  manner  that  it 
must  be  used  for  that  purpose,  since  most  all  of  the  oil 
is  excreted  by  the  lungs,  besides  producing  nutrition 
and  cell  activity.  Oil  is  the  greatest  germicide  which 
the  body  manufactures  in  its  own  laboratory,  and  is 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  203 

the  one  which  can  be  used  for  the  successful  treat- 
ment of  this  disease. 

This  chapter  was  published  as  advance  sheets 
about  one  year  ago.  Since  the  above  cases  were  re- 
ported a  great  number  have  been  treated  with  similar 
results  and  in  addition  to  the  treatment  of  tubercu- 
losis I  have  obtained  results  which  prove  that  oil  sub- 
cutaneously  injected  is  nature's  serum  in  the  cure  of 
all  diseases,  in  the  building  of  immunity  from  disease, 
and  in  the  making  of  stamina  and  constitution. 

June,  1909.  T.  B.  K. 

SOME  OF  THE  AUTHOR'S  CONTRIBUTIONS  TO  MED- 
ICAL   LITERATURE     ON    THE     CURE     OF 
CONSUMPTION  WITH  SUBCUTANE- 
OUS INJECTIONS  OF  OIL. 

Keyes  : — The  Cure  of  Consumption  by  Feeding  the 
Patient  with  Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil  and  Its 
Digestion  by  the  Wliite  Globules  of  the  Blood — Pacific 
Med.  Jour.,  May,  1904;  Med.  Brief,  June,  1904;  Maine 
Jour.  Science,  June,  1904. 

Keyes: — The  Cure  of  Consumption  with  Subcu- 
taneous Injections  of  Oil. — Pacific  Med.  Jour.,  Feb- 
ruary, 1905 ;  Anier.  J.  Progressive  Therapeutics,  July, 
1906.       ■ 

Keyes: — Mal-nutrition  as  a  Means  Furnishing  the 
Soil  for  the  Disease  Tuberculosis — Fat  Foods  in  Its 
Prevention  and  Cure,  as  pointed  out  by  the  History 
and  Literature  of  All  Centuries. — Med.  Brief,  August 
and  September,  1906. 

Keyes: — The  Causes  of  Consumption  Indicate  the 
Use  of  Oils  Injected  Subcutaneously  as  a  Cure  for 
Consumption. — Med.  Brief,  October,  1906. 

Keyes  : — Biology  Indicates  the  Use  of  Oil  Injected 


304  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

Subcutaneously  as   a   Cure  for  Consumption. — Med. 
Brief,  November,  1906. 

I^EYEs: — Physiological  Therapeutics  Indicate  the 
Use  of  Oils  Injected  Subcutaneously  as  a  Cure  for 
Consumption. — Med.  Brief,  December,  1906. 

Keyes: — The  Early  Diagnosis  and  Symptoms  of 
Consumption — Arguments  Drawn  Therefrom  for  the 
Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil. — Med.  Brief,  January, 
1907. 

Keyes  : — Fat  the  Germ  Destroyer  and  Equalizer  of 
the  Body,  with  Especial  Reference  to  Oils  and  Fats  in 
the  Prevention  and  Cure  of  Tuberculosis. — Med.  Brief, 
February,  1905. 

Keyes: — Lung  Excretion  as  Related  to  Tubercu- 
losis— The  Body  Heat  and  Force — Fat  Foods  in  Their 
Maintenance  for  the  Prevention  of  Tuberculosis. — 
Med.  Brief,  March,  1905. 

Keyes: — ^Lung  Development — The  Lungs  Both 
Give  and  Take. — Med.  Brief,  April,  1905. 

Keyes: — Immunity  from  Tuberculosis,  Its  Produc- 
tion by  Fat  Foods  and  Outdoor  Camp  Life — Subcu- 
taneous Injections  of  Oil  in  the  Cure  of  Consumption. 
—Pacific  Med.  Jour.,  July,  1904 

Keyes: — Some  of  the  Physiological  Uses  and  the 
Formation  of  the  Adipose  Tissue  of  the  Body,  and  Its 
Relation  and  that  of  Fat  Foods  to  the  Prevention  of 
Tuberculosis — The  Absolute  Cure  of  Tuberculosis  by 
Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil. — Med.  Brief,  Septem- 
ber, 1904 

Keyes: — The  Habit  of  Not  Eating  Fats  Leads  to 
Their  Non-Digestion,  Mai-nutrition  and  Tuberculosis 
— Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil. — Pacific  Med.  Jour., 
September,  1904. 

Keyes:— The  Therapeutics  of  Tuberculosis  Other 


KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE.  205 

Than   Subcutaneous   Injections   of   Oil. — Jour.   Prog. 

Keyes: — The  Dieting  and  Management  of  Tuber- 
cular Cases. — Ihid. 

Keyes: — Proofs  of  the  Curability  of  Pulmonary 
Tuberculosis  with  Subcutaneous  Injections  of  Oil. — 
The  Medical  Progress,  November,  1904. 

Keyes: — The  Cure  and  Prevention  of  Bovine  Tu- 
berculosis—Subcutaneous Injections  of  Oil. — Ameri- 
can Veterinary  Revieiv,  August,  1904,  and  North  Brit- 
ish Agriculturist,  February,  1905 

Keyes: — The  Pathology  of  Consumption  Indicates 
the  Use  of  Oils  Injected  Subcutaneously  as  a  Cure. — 
The  Antiseptic,  Madras,  India,  1905. 

Keyes: — The  Cure  of  Consumption  with  Subcu- 
taneous Injection  of  Oils. — The  Antiseptic,  Madras, 
India,  December,  1906. 

Keyes:- — Cure  That  Hippocratic  Face  or  That 
Flabby  Fat,  and  You  Will  Possess  the  Vigor  for  Health 
and  Revive  the  Fires  of  Life. — The  Medical  Counselor, 
March,  1909. 

Keyes: — The  Making  of  the  Acme  of  Abundant 
Healthy  Life  Force  of  Man  or  Healthy  Temperament. 
— The  Pacific  Medical  Journal,  May,  1909. 

Keyes: — The  Renewal  of  Life. — Medico-Legal  So- 
ciety and  Journal,  December,  1908. 

Keyes: — The  Production  of  Immunity  From  Tu- 
berculosis,— The  Medical  Counselor,  June,  1909. 

SOME  AIDS  TO  THE  ABOVE  TREATMENT. 

Keyes  : — The  Relation  of  Insanity  to  Tuberculosis : 
One  of  Nutrition. — American  International  Congress 
of  Tubercidosis,  New  York,  190G;  Medico-Legal  Jour- 
nal, New  York,  1907. 

Keyes: — Camp  and  Outdoor  Life  as  an  Aid  to  the 


306  KEYES:     THE  RENEWAL  OF  LIFE. 

Permanent  Cure  of  Tuberculosis. — Amer.  Congress  of 
Tuberculosis,  1906;  Medico-Legal  Jour.,  New  York, 
1900> 

Keyes: — Some  Eesults  of  Camp  and  Outdoor  Life 
in  Northern  Wisconsin. — Amer.  Congress  of  Tuber- 
culosis, 1901;  Medico-Legal  Journal. 

Keyes  : — The  Koumiss  and  Milk  Treatment  of  Con- 
sumption.— The  Tubercle,  1900. 

Keyes  : — Evidence  as  to  the  Value  of  Tent  Life  for 
the  Tubercular. — Medical  Brief,  1906. 

Keyes  : — North  Central  Wisconsin  as  a  Health  Ee- 
sort  for  the  Thin  and  Anaemic. — The  Medical  Progress, 
May,  1907. 

Keyes: — Medicines  and  Other  Means  which  I  Use 
in  the  Treatment  of  Tuberculosis  Other  Than  the  Sub- 
cutaneous Injections  of  Oils. — Virginia  Med.  Semi- 
Monthly,  May,  1907. 

Keyes: — Dieting  and  Cooking  for  the  Cure  and 
Prevention  of  Consumption. — Pacific  Med.  Journal, 
May,  1907. 

Keyes: — Northern  Wisconsin  as  a  Health  Resort 
for  the  Under-Nourished,  Those  Poorly  Developed  and 
the  Tubercular. — The  Medical  Counselor,  July,  1907. 

Keyes  : — Dieting  and  Cooking  for  the  Consumptive 
and  for  the  Thin  and  Under-Nourished. — The  Anti- 
seiDtic,  Madras,  India,  June  and  July,  1907. 


^c^//  yX'^^ 


